Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"Cardiovascular Manifestations and Outcomes in Patients with Scrub Typhus Admitted to a Tertiary Care Center in the Coastal Karnataka Region in India.","authors":"Mugula Sudhakar Rao, Jyothi Samanth, Swathi Poojary, Krishnananda Nayak, Shubha Srinivas, Thrupthi Naik","doi":"10.3390/diseases13080270","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diseases13080270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b>: Scrub typhus is a mite-borne infectious disease caused by \"<i>Orientia tsutsugamushi</i>\", a bacterium that was formerly classified under the genus Rickettsia. It is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected chigger mites (larval trombiculid mites). However, clinical data on the cardiac manifestations of scrub typhus and their outcomes remain limited. <b>Methods</b>: This research was retrospectively conducted at a tertiary care hospital in South India. The study included all patients admitted from January 2016 to September 2021 who fulfilled the clinical criteria for a diagnosis of scrub typhus. Data were collected for 426 patients. Patients with previously diagnosed heart disease and mixed infections (leptospirosis, dengue fever, blood culture positivity, and COVID-19 positivity) were excluded. Comprehensive assessments of clinical presentation, electrocardiography (ECG), 2D echocardiography, and outcomes, including all-cause mortality and probable myocarditis, were performed. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of all-cause mortality and probable myocarditis. <b>Results</b>: Out of 426 patients, 200 (46.9%) were male and 226 (53.1%) were female. The mean age at presentation was 49.29 ± 14.43 years. A total of 108 (25.4%) patients had diabetes and 82 (19.25%) had hypertension. Sinus tachycardia (29.3%) was the most frequent ECG finding. Echocardiographic evidence of probable myocarditis was observed in 20 (4.7%) patients, while 6 (1.4%) patients had isolated RV dysfunction, 4 (0.9%) had biventricular dysfunction, 7 (1.6%) had significant pulmonary hypertension, and 40 (9.4%) had trivial pericardial effusion. A total of 78 (18.3%) patients had acute respiratory distress syndrome. All-cause mortality was observed in 12 (2.8%) patients. A total of 56 (13.1%) patients developed multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS) during their hospitalization. A total of 78 (18.3%) patients were documented to have acute kidney injury (AKI), and 22 (5.2%) patients underwent hemodialysis. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis revealed that probable myocarditis and MODS were independent predictors of mortality among patients with scrub typhus, and age, female gender, and LV systolic dysfunction were identified as predictors of overall complications, including mortality, probable myocarditis, congestive heart failure, MODS, AKI, and the need for hemodialysis. <b>Conclusions</b>: Probable myocarditis was the most frequent cardiac manifestation noted in patients with scrub typhus, and in addition to MODS, probable myocarditis was an independent predictor of mortality in this cohort. Thus, it is crucial to maintain clinical vigilance regarding the cardiac status of such patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12386045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Symptoms, and Associated Risk Factors for Depressive Symptoms Among Undergraduate Students of Non-Medical Universities in Mwanza, Tanzania.","authors":"Stanley Mwita, Mathew Ouma, Warren Edwin, Deogratias Katabalo, Karol Marwa","doi":"10.3390/diseases13080268","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diseases13080268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>University students are vulnerable to depression due to the transitional nature of their life stage, which often involves increased academic pressures and social changes. This study aims to examine the prevalence, symptoms, and associated risk factors for depressive symptoms among undergraduate students at non-medical universities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted at non-medical universities in Mwanza Region, Tanzania. A self-administered, structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The presence and severity of depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 768 students participated in the study. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 35.7%. A significant proportion experienced loss of interest and pleasure (<i>n</i> = 516; 67.2%), felt easily tired (<i>n</i> = 373; 48.6%), and had difficulty making decisions (<i>n</i> = 303; 39.4%). A significant relationship was observed between age and depressive symptoms, with participants aged 25 and above reporting higher rates of depressive symptoms (53.2%) compared to those aged 18-24 (28.8%) (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Similarly, the year of study was significantly associated with depressive symptoms; fourth-year students had the highest proportion of depressive symptoms (64.3%), while first-year students had the lowest proportion (26.2%) (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found that over one-third of undergraduate students in non-medical universities suffer from depressive symptoms. This high prevalence rate highlights an urgent need for targeted mental health interventions within university settings to prevent long-term academic, social, and psychological consequences. Campus counseling services should prioritize screening for key symptoms while developing stress-management programs tailored to academic progression challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Obesity on Immunity to the Influenza Virus: Gut Microbiota, Mechanisms, and Novel Therapeutic Strategies.","authors":"Xiaoyue Ji, Jing Sun","doi":"10.3390/diseases13080267","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diseases13080267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity affects millions of individuals globally, and a deeper understanding of its associated physiological disturbances is essential for addressing key public health concerns. It has been demonstrated that the influenza virus possesses substantial global epidemic potential, with higher incidence rates observed in obese individuals and prolonged recovery times. Obese individuals exhibit impaired immune organ function, decreased immune cell activity, disrupted metabolism characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, and an imbalance in gut microbiota associated with intestinal mucosal barrier damage. The gut microbiota and their metabolic composition in obese patients differ from those in non-obese individuals, potentially promoting viral replication and exacerbating disease severity. These factors collectively contribute to more severe tissue damage and heightened immune responses in obese patients during influenza infection. Therefore, understanding the impact of obesity on influenza virus infection dynamics enables the development of strategies promoting healthy lifestyles to manage body weight and enhance immunity against viral infections. Additionally, given that this special population may not respond optimally to antimicrobial drugs and vaccination, it is necessary to consider how treatment strategies for this group are managed. This review illustrates findings concerning the impact of obesity on the immune response to influenza virus infection, including potential underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Relationships Between COVID-19 Cases, Public Health Interventions, Vaccine Coverage, and Mean Temperature in Ontario and Toronto.","authors":"Melinaz Barati Chermahini, Vernon Hoeppner","doi":"10.3390/diseases13080269","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diseases13080269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> We aimed to examine the relationship between COVID-19 cases and Public Health Interventions (PHIs), vaccine coverage, and temperature. We compared our findings with those of other studies that used different methodologies, such as mathematical models. <b>Methods</b>: We developed monthly PHI scores using the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker from May 2020 to May 2021. We calculated PHI scores by summing the highest monthly score of each intervention and expressed the PHI score as a percentage of the maximum. We obtained vaccine coverage and temperature data from January 2021 to September 2023. We calculated Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficients to examine correlations. <b>Results</b>: The correlation between cases and PHI was positive (ρ = 0.947, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). The correlation between cases and vaccine coverage was approximately zero (ρ = 0.0165, <i>p</i> = 0.957) from January 2021 to January 2022 and was negative from February 2022 to September 2023 (ρ= -0.816, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). The correlation for cases and temperature was negative from January 2021 to January 2022 (ρ = -0.676, <i>p</i> = 0.0112) and was almost zero from February 2022 to September 2023 (ρ = -0.162, <i>p</i> = 0.494). The models showed a negative correlation between PHI and vaccine coverage, and mixed results for temperature. <b>Conclusions</b>: There was a positive correlation between cases and PHI. Prior to reaching the vaccine threshold coverage, there was no correlation for vaccination and a negative correlation for temperature. Post-vaccine threshold, there was a negative correlation for vaccination and no correlation for temperature. Correlation results for PHI and temperature differed from those of the mathematical models.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety and Depression in Mild and Moderate COPD Patients: An Observational, Cross-Sectional Study in Greece.","authors":"Effimia Kamariotou, Diamantis Chloros, Dionisios Spyratos, Dionisia Michalopoulou, Ioanna Tsiouprou, Lazaros Sichletidis","doi":"10.3390/diseases13080266","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diseases13080266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In this study, we investigated patients in the early stages of COPD to support the hypothesis that symptoms of anxiety and depression are related to mild and moderate COPD and not only to the chronic complications that accompany severe disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 250 mild to moderate COPD patients were randomly selected from a population of 5239 individuals who were part of a study on early COPD detection and smoking cessation that was carried out in Central Macedonia, Greece. An age-matched control group of three hundred current or former smokers was also included. A questionnaire was used for demographic data collection, along with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire for the evaluation of anxiety (HADS-A) and depressive (HADS-D) symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The COPD and non-COPD groups were similar in age, gender, and socioeconomic background. The majority of COPD patients were classified as Grade 1 or 2 and belonged to Group A or B according to the GOLD classification. Among the COPD patients, 19.6% had a score greater than 7 in the HADS-A subscale, 14% in the HADS-D subscale, and 10.8% in both, compared with 6%, 5%, and 5%, respectively, for the non-COPD individuals (<i>p</i> < 0.01). A regression analysis showed that the presence of at least one comorbidity (β = 0.43, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and the presence of at least one respiratory symptom (β = 0.49, <i>p</i> < 0.001) significantly predicted the total HADS score in the COPD group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in early COPD patients was greater in comparison to non-COPD smokers. Implementing routine screening for mood disorders using the HADS in mild to moderate COPD outpatients may improve overall disease management and patients' quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12386095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histoanatomic Features Distinguishing Aganglionosis in Hirschsprung's Disease: Toward a Diagnostic Algorithm.","authors":"Emma Fransson, Maria Evertsson, Tyra Lundberg, Tebin Hawez, Gustav Andersson, Christina Granéli, Magnus Cinthio, Tobias Erlöv, Pernilla Stenström","doi":"10.3390/diseases13080264","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diseases13080264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Intraoperative frozen biopsies are essential during surgery for Hirschsprung's disease (HD). However, this method has several limitations with the need for a faster and real-time diagnostic alternative. For this, consistent histoanatomical and morphometric differences between aganglionic and ganglionic bowel must be established. The primary objective was to compare dimensions of bowel wall layers between aganglionic and ganglionic segments histopathologically in resected rectosigmoid specimens from children with HD. Secondary objectives were to design a diagnostic algorithm to distinguish aganglionosis from ganglionosis and assess whether full bowel wall thickness correlates with patient weight and age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Each histoanatomic bowel wall layer-mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis propria's layers-was delineated manually on histopathological images. Mean thicknesses were calculated automatically using an in-house image analysis software. Paired parametric tests compared measurements in aganglionic and ganglionic segments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Resected specimens from 30 children with HD were included. Compared to aganglionic bowel, ganglionic bowel showed a thicker muscularis interna (mean 0.666 mm versus 0.461 mm, CI -0.257-(-0.153), <i>p</i> < 0.001), and a higher muscularis interna/muscularis externa ratio (2.047 mm versus 1.287 mm, CI -0.954-(-0.565), <i>p</i> < 0.001). An algorithm based on these features achieved 100% accuracy in distinguishing aganglionosis from ganglionosis. No significant difference in full bowel wall thickness was found between aganglionic and ganglionic segments, nor any correlation with patient weight or age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Histoanatomic layer thickness differs between aganglionic and ganglionic bowel, forming the basis of a diagnostic algorithm. Full bowel wall thickness was independent of patient weight and age.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is There a Role for the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio for Rebleeding and Mortality Risk Prediction in Acute Variceal Bleeding? A Comparative 5-Year Retrospective Study.","authors":"Sergiu Marian Cazacu, Dragos Ovidiu Alexandru, Alexandru Valentin Popescu, Petrica Popa, Ion Rogoveanu, Vlad Florin Iovanescu","doi":"10.3390/diseases13080265","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diseases13080265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(1) Background: Acute variceal bleeding (AVB) represents an important cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). Several prognostic scores may be useful for assessing mortality and rebleeding risk, with the Glasgow-Blatchford score (GBS) and Rockall score being the most commonly used for non-variceal bleeding. Scores assessing liver failure (MELD and Child) do not reflect bleeding severity. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) increases in UGIB and can predict survival and rebleeding. (2) Methods: We analyzed the predictive role of NLR, GBS, Rockall, AIMS65, Child, and MELD for mortality (48 h, 5-day, in-hospital, and 6-week) and rebleeding in AVB patients admitted to our hospital from 2017 to 2021. ROC analysis was performed, and a multivariate analysis with logistic regression was used to construct a simplified model. (3) Results: A total of 415 patients were admitted. NLR exhibited fair accuracy for 48-h mortality (AUC 0.718, 95% CI 0.597-0.839, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), with limited predictive value for medium-term mortality. The NLR accuracy was better than that of the GBS and Rockall score, similar to that of the AIMS65 and Child scores, but inferior to that of MELD. The value for all scores in predicting rebleeding was poor, with the highest AUC for the NLR. (4) Conclusions: The NLR exhibited reasonable accuracy in predicting short-term mortality in AVB. Our model (including NLR, age, creatinine, bilirubin, albumin, INR, platelet count, HCC, and etiology) demonstrated 80.72% accuracy in predicting 6-week mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PIEZO Channels in Mechano-Inflammation: Gatekeepers of Neuroimmune Crosstalk.","authors":"Carmelo Pirri","doi":"10.3390/diseases13080263","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diseases13080263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mechanical forces shape immune responses in both health and disease. PIEZO1 and PIEZO2, two mechanosensitive ion channels, have emerged as critical transducers of these forces, influencing inflammation, pain, fibrosis, and neuroimmune regulation. This review aims to synthesize the current evidence on the role of PIEZO channels in mechano-inflammation, with a specific focus on their regulatory function in neuroimmune crosstalk. A comprehensive narrative synthesis was performed using the literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to June 2025. Experimental, translational, and mechanistic studies involving PIEZO channels in inflammatory, fibrotic, and neuroimmune processes were included. PIEZO1 is broadly expressed in immune cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, where it regulates calcium-dependent activation of pro-inflammatory pathways, such as NF-kB and STAT1. PIEZO2, enriched in sensory neurons, contributes to mechanosensory amplification of inflammatory pain. Both channels are mechanistically involved in neuroinflammation, glial activation, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, connective tissue fibrosis, and visceral hypersensitivity. PIEZO channels act as integrators of biomechanical and immunological signaling. Their roles as context-dependent gatekeepers of neuroimmune crosstalk make them attractive targets for novel therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12386134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and Characterization of Behavioral Changes in the Nuclear Localization Human α-Synuclein Transgenic Mice.","authors":"Ziou Wang, Mengchen Wei, Shengtao Fan, Zheli Li, Weihu Long, Haiting Wu, Yiwei Zhang, Zhangqiong Huang","doi":"10.3390/diseases13080261","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diseases13080261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> This study aimed to establish a transgenic mouse model expressing nucleus-localized human α-synuclein (α-syn) to investigate its impact on the central nervous system and behavior and the underlying mechanisms involved. <b>Methods:</b> A nuclear localization sequence (NLS) was added to the end of the human SNCA (hSNCA) gene. Subsequently, an empty vector and a mammalian lentiviral vector of the hSNCA-NLS were constructed. Transgenic mice were generated via microinjection, with genotyping and protein expression confirmed by PCR and western blotting. Only male mice were used in subsequent behavioral and molecular experiments. Immunofluorescence identified the colocalization of human α-syn with the cell nucleus in mouse brain tissues. Behavioral changes in transgenic mice were assessed using open field, rotarod, and O-maze tests. qPCR and Western blotting detected expression levels of genes and proteins related to inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and apoptosis. Bulk RNA sequencing was used to screen for differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways. <b>Results:</b> We successfully constructed a transgenic mouse model expressing human α-syn. Human α-syn was widely expressed in the heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, and brain of the mice, with distinct nuclear localization observed. Behavioral assessments demonstrated that, by 2 months of age, the mice exhibited motor dysfunction alongside astrocyte proliferation and neuroinflammation. At 6 months, the elevated expression of ERS-related genes (ATF6, PERK, and IRE1) and activation of the PERK-Beclin1-LC3II pathway indicated progressive ERS. By 9 months, apoptotic events had occurred, accompanied by significant anxiety-like behaviors. Bulk RNA sequencing further identified key differentially expressed genes, including IL-1α, TNF, PERK, BECLIN, GABA, IL-6α, P53, LC3II, NOS, and SPAG, suggesting their involvement in the observed pathological and behavioral phenotypes. <b>Conclusions:</b> The nuclear localization human α-syn transgenic mice were successfully established. These findings demonstrate that nucleus-localized α-syn induces early motor deficits, which are likely mediated by neuroinflammation, whereas later anxiety-like behaviors may result from ERS-induced apoptosis. This model provides a valuable tool for elucidating the role of nuclear α-syn in Parkinson's disease and supports further mechanistic and therapeutic research.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The High Prevalence of Oncogenic HPV Genotypes Targeted by the Nonavalent HPV Vaccine in HIV-Infected Women Urgently Reinforces the Need for Prophylactic Vaccination in Key Female Populations Living in Gabon.","authors":"Marcelle Mboumba-Mboumba, Augustin Mouinga-Ondeme, Pamela Moussavou-Boundzanga, Jeordy Dimitri Engone-Ondo, Roseanne Mounanga Mourimarodi, Abdoulaye Diane, Christ Ognari Ayoumi, Laurent Bélec, Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa, Ivan Mfouo-Tynga","doi":"10.3390/diseases13080260","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diseases13080260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives.</b> Women living with human immunodeficiency virus (WLWH) have a six-fold higher risk of developing cervical cancer associated with high-risk human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) than HIV-negative women. We herein assessed HR-HPV genotype distribution and plasma levels of the cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) in WLWH in a rural town in Gabon, in Central Africa. <b>Methods.</b> Adult WLWH attending the local HIV outpatient center were prospectively enrolled and underwent cervical visual inspection and cervicovaginal and blood sampling. HIV RNA load and CA-125 levels were measured from plasma using the Cepheid^® Xpert^® HIV-1 Viral Load kit and BioMérieux VIDAS^® CA-125 II assay, respectively. HPV detection and genotyping were performed via a nested polymerase chain reaction (MY09/11 and GP5+/6+), followed by sequencing. <b>Results.</b> Fifty-eight WLWH (median age: 52 years) were enrolled. Median CD4 count was 547 cells/µL (IQR: 412.5-737.5) and HIV RNA load 4.88 Log₁₀ copies/mL (IQR: 3.79-5.49). HPV prevalence was 68.96%, with HR-HPV detected in 41.37% of women. Among HR-HPV-positive samples, 87.5% (21/24) were genotypes targeted by the Gardasil vaccine, while 12.5% (3/24) were non-vaccine types. Predominant HR-HPV types included HPV-16 (13.8%), HPV-33 (10.34%), HPV-35 (5.17%), HPV-31, and HPV-58 (3.45%). Most participants had normal cervical cytology (62.07%), and a minority (14.29%) had elevated CA-125 levels, with no correlation to cytological abnormalities. <b>Conclusions.</b> In the hinterland of Gabon, WLWH are facing an unsuspected yet substantial burden of cervical HR-HPV infection and a neglected risk for cervical cancer. Strengthening cervical cancer prevention through targeted HPV vaccination, sexual education, and accessible screening strategies will help in mitigating associated risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12386138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}