Current research in neurobiology最新文献

{"title":"Implicit auditory memory in older listeners: From encoding to 6-month retention","authors":"Roberta Bianco ,&nbsp;Edward T.R. Hall ,&nbsp;Marcus T. Pearce ,&nbsp;Maria Chait","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Any listening task, from sound recognition to sound-based communication, rests on auditory memory which is known to decline in healthy ageing. However, how this decline maps onto multiple components and stages of auditory memory remains poorly characterised. In an online unsupervised longitudinal study, we tested ageing effects on implicit auditory memory for rapid tone patterns. The test required participants (younger, aged 20–30, and older adults aged 60–70) to quickly respond to rapid regularly repeating patterns emerging from random sequences. Patterns were novel in most trials (REGn), but unbeknownst to the participants, a few distinct patterns reoccurred identically throughout the sessions (REGr). After correcting for processing speed, the response times (RT) to REGn should reflect the information held in echoic and short-term memory before detecting the pattern; long-term memory formation and retention should be reflected by the RT advantage (RTA) to REGr vs REGn which is expected to grow with exposure. Older participants were slower than younger adults in detecting REGn and exhibited a smaller RTA to REGr. Computational simulations using a model of auditory sequence memory indicated that these effects reflect age-related limitations both in early and long-term memory stages. In contrast to ageing-related accelerated forgetting of verbal material, here older adults maintained stable memory traces for REGr patterns up to 6 months after the first exposure. The results demonstrate that ageing is associated with reduced short-term memory and long-term memory formation for tone patterns, but not with forgetting, even over surprisingly long timescales.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665945X23000438/pdfft?md5=53fdf11172fa5e518c3696cf7a910c0b&pid=1-s2.0-S2665945X23000438-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134654036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subcortical coding of predictable and unsupervised sound-context associations","authors":"Chi Chen ,&nbsp;Hugo Cruces-Solís ,&nbsp;Alexandra Ertman ,&nbsp;Livia de Hoz","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Our environment is made of a myriad of stimuli present in combinations often patterned in predictable ways. For example, there is a strong association between where we are and the sounds we hear. Like many environmental patterns, sound-context associations are learned implicitly, in an unsupervised manner, and are highly informative and predictive of normality. Yet, we know little about where and how unsupervised sound-context associations are coded in the brain. Here we measured plasticity in the auditory midbrain of mice living over days in an enriched task-less environment in which entering a context triggered sound with different degrees of predictability. Plasticity in the auditory midbrain, a hub of auditory input and multimodal feedback, developed over days and reflected learning of contextual information in a manner that depended on the predictability of the sound-context association and not on reinforcement. Plasticity manifested as an increase in response gain and tuning shift that correlated with a general increase in neuronal frequency discrimination. Thus, the auditory midbrain is sensitive to unsupervised predictable sound-context associations, revealing a subcortical engagement in the detection of contextual sounds. By increasing frequency resolution, this detection might facilitate the processing of behaviorally relevant foreground information described to occur in cortical auditory structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49899182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural substrates of perception in the vestibular thalamus during natural self-motion: A review","authors":"Kathleen E. Cullen ,&nbsp;Maurice J. Chacron","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accumulating evidence across multiple sensory modalities suggests that the thalamus does not simply relay information from the periphery to the cortex. Here we review recent findings showing that vestibular neurons within the ventral posteriolateral area of the thalamus perform nonlinear transformations on their afferent input that determine our subjective awareness of motion. Specifically, these neurons provide a substrate for previous psychophysical observations that perceptual discrimination thresholds are much better than predictions from Weber's law. This is because neural discrimination thresholds, which are determined from both variability and sensitivity, initially increase but then saturate with increasing stimulus amplitude, thereby matching the previously observed dependency of perceptual self-motion discrimination thresholds. Moreover, neural response dynamics give rise to unambiguous and optimized encoding of natural but not artificial stimuli. Finally, vestibular thalamic neurons selectively encode passively applied motion when occurring concurrently with voluntary (i.e., active) movements. Taken together, these results show that the vestibular thalamus plays an essential role towards generating motion perception as well as shaping our vestibular sense of agency that is not simply inherited from afferent input.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100073"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10011815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9451849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thalamic nuclei changes in early and late onset Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Gonzalo Forno ,&nbsp;Manojkumar Saranathan ,&nbsp;Jose Contador ,&nbsp;Nuria Guillen ,&nbsp;Neus Falgàs ,&nbsp;Adrià Tort-Merino ,&nbsp;Mircea Balasa ,&nbsp;Raquel Sanchez-Valle ,&nbsp;Michael Hornberger ,&nbsp;Albert Lladó","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Increasing evidence points to the thalamus as an important hub in the clinical symptomatology of the disease, with the ‘limbic thalamus’ been described as especially vulnerable. In this work, we examined thalamic atrophy in early-onset AD (EOAD) and late-onset AD (LOAD) compared to young and old healthy controls (YHC and OHC, respectively) using a recently developed cutting-edge thalamic nuclei segmentation method. A deep learning variant of Thalamus Optimized Multi Atlas Segmentation (THOMAS) was used to parcellate 11 thalamic nuclei per hemisphere from T1-weighted MRI in 88 biomarker-confirmed AD patients (49 EOAD and 39 LOAD) and 58 healthy controls (41 YHC and 17 OHC) with normal AD biomarkers. Nuclei volumes were compared among groups using MANCOVA. Further, Pearson's correlation coefficient was computed between thalamic nuclear volume and cortical—subcortical regions, CSF tau levels, and neuropsychological scores. The results showed widespread thalamic nuclei atrophy in EOAD and LOAD compared to their respective healthy control groups, with EOAD showing additional atrophy in the centromedian and ventral lateral posterior nuclei compared to YHC. In EOAD, increased thalamic nuclei atrophy was associated with posterior parietal atrophy and worse visuospatial abilities, while LOAD thalamic nuclei atrophy was preferentially associated with medial temporal atrophy and worse episodic memory and executive function. Our findings suggest that thalamic nuclei may be differentially affected in AD according to the age at symptoms onset, associated with specific cortical—subcortical regions, CSF total tau and cognition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100084"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/71/12/main.PMC10313877.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9737076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DREADD-mediated amygdala activation is sufficient to induce anxiety-like responses in young nonhuman primates","authors":"Sascha A.L. Mueller ,&nbsp;Jonathan A. Oler ,&nbsp;Patrick H. Roseboom ,&nbsp;Nakul Aggarwal ,&nbsp;Margaux M. Kenwood ,&nbsp;Marissa K. Riedel ,&nbsp;Victoria R. Elam ,&nbsp;Miles E. Olsen ,&nbsp;Alexandra H. DiFilippo ,&nbsp;Bradley T. Christian ,&nbsp;Xing Hu ,&nbsp;Adriana Galvan ,&nbsp;Matthew A. Boehm ,&nbsp;Michael Michaelides ,&nbsp;Ned H. Kalin","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, with symptoms often beginning early in life. To model the pathophysiology of human pathological anxiety, we utilized Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) in a nonhuman primate model of anxious temperament to selectively increase neuronal activity of the amygdala. Subjects included 10 young rhesus macaques; 5 received bilateral infusions of AAV5-hSyn-HA-hM3Dq into the dorsal amygdala, and 5 served as controls. Subjects underwent behavioral testing in the human intruder paradigm following clozapine or vehicle administration, prior to and following surgery. Behavioral results indicated that clozapine treatment post-surgery increased freezing across different threat-related contexts in hM3Dq subjects. This effect was again observed approximately 1.9 years following surgery, indicating the long-term functional capacity of DREADD-induced neuronal activation. [¹¹C]deschloroclozapine PET imaging demonstrated amygdala hM3Dq-HA specific binding, and immunohistochemistry revealed that hM3Dq-HA expression was most prominent in basolateral nuclei. Electron microscopy confirmed expression was predominantly on neuronal membranes. Together, these data demonstrate that activation of primate amygdala neurons is sufficient to induce increased anxiety-related behaviors, which could serve as a model to investigate pathological anxiety in humans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49780846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Order of statistical learning depends on perceptive uncertainty","authors":"Tatsuya Daikoku ,&nbsp;Masato Yumoto","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Statistical learning (SL) is an innate mechanism by which the brain automatically encodes the <em>n</em>-th order transition probability (TP) of a sequence and grasps the uncertainty of the TP distribution. Through SL, the brain predicts a subsequent event (<em>e</em>_<em>n+1</em>) based on the preceding events (<em>e</em>_<em>n</em>) that have a length of “<em>n”</em>. It is now known that uncertainty modulates prediction in top-down processing by the human predictive brain. However, the manner in which the human brain modulates the order of SL strategies based on the degree of uncertainty remains an open question. The present study examined how uncertainty modulates the neural effects of SL and whether differences in uncertainty alter the order of SL strategies. It used auditory sequences in which the uncertainty of sequential information is manipulated based on the conditional entropy. Three sequences with different TP ratios of 90:10, 80:20, and 67:33 were prepared as low-, intermediate, and high-uncertainty sequences, respectively (conditional entropy: 0.47, 0.72, and 0.92 bit, respectively). Neural responses were recorded when the participants listened to the three sequences. The results showed that stimuli with lower TPs elicited a stronger neural response than those with higher TPs, as demonstrated by a number of previous studies. Furthermore, we found that participants adopted higher-order SL strategies in the high uncertainty sequence. These results may indicate that the human brain has an ability to flexibly alter the order based on the uncertainty. This uncertainty may be an important factor that determines the order of SL strategies. Particularly, considering that a higher-order SL strategy mathematically allows the reduction of uncertainty in information, we assumed that the brain may take higher-order SL strategies when encountering high uncertain information in order to reduce the uncertainty. The present study may shed new light on understanding individual differences in SL performance across different uncertain situations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10011828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9188422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A framework and resource for global collaboration in non-human primate neuroscience","authors":"Renée Hartig ,&nbsp;P. Christiaan Klink ,&nbsp;Zlata Polyakova ,&nbsp;Mohammad-Reza A. Dehaqani ,&nbsp;Igor Bondar ,&nbsp;Hugo Merchant ,&nbsp;Wim Vanduffel ,&nbsp;Anna Wang Roe ,&nbsp;Atsushi Nambu ,&nbsp;M. Thirumala ,&nbsp;Amir Shmuel ,&nbsp;Vishal Kapoor ,&nbsp;Katalin M. Gothard ,&nbsp;Henry C. Evrard ,&nbsp;Michele A. Basso ,&nbsp;Christopher I. Petkov ,&nbsp;Anna S. Mitchell","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As science and technology evolve, there is an increasing need for promotion of international scientific exchange. Collaborations, while offering substantial opportunities for scientists and benefit to society, also present challenges for those working with animal models, such as non-human primates (NHPs). Diversity in regulation of animal research is sometimes mistaken for the absence of common international welfare standards. Here, the ethical and regulatory protocols for 13 countries that have guidelines in place for biomedical research involving NHPs were assessed with a focus on neuroscience. Review of the variability and similarity in trans-national NHP welfare regulations extended to countries in Asia, Europe and North America. A tabulated resource was established to advance solution-oriented discussions and scientific collaborations across borders. Our aim is to better inform the public and other stakeholders. Through cooperative efforts to identify and analyze information with reference to evidence-based discussion, the proposed key ingredients may help to shape and support a more informed, open framework. This framework and resource can be expanded further for biomedical research in other countries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100079"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fc/c8/main.PMC10313859.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9745787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GABAB receptor outward currents are transiently disclosed by the convulsant 4-aminopyridine in vitro","authors":"Adriano Cattani ,&nbsp;Siyan Wang ,&nbsp;Maxime Lévesque ,&nbsp;Jean-Pierre Farmer ,&nbsp;Roy William Roland Dudley ,&nbsp;Massimo Avoli","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The K⁺ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4AP) has been extensively used to investigate the mechanisms underlying neuronal network synchronization in both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> animal models of focal epilepsy. 4AP-induced effects are paralleled by an increase in both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter release, but the mechanisms of action of 4AP on neuronal networks remain unclear. By employing simultaneous whole-cell patch clamp and field potential recordings from hippocampal CA3/4 pyramidal layer of acute brain slices obtained from mice (n = 30), we found that the appearance of epileptiform discharges induced by 4AP (100 μM) is consistently preceded by the transient recurrence of presumptive GABA_B outward currents, which are not mirrored by any field activity. These GABA_B outward currents still occurred during application of ionotropic glutamatergic antagonists (n = 12 cells) but were blocked by the GABA_B receptor antagonist CGP55845 (n = 7). Our findings show that the transient occurrence of distinct GABA_B outward currents precedes the appearance of 4AP-induced neuronal network synchronization leading to epileptiform activity in the rodent hippocampus <em>in vitro</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665945X23000451/pdfft?md5=b83bba4c63ad0cbc652ad50485a2de17&pid=1-s2.0-S2665945X23000451-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138135960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimulus contrast modulates burst activity in the lateral geniculate nucleus","authors":"Alyssa N. Sanchez ,&nbsp;Henry J. Alitto ,&nbsp;Daniel L. Rathbun ,&nbsp;Tucker G. Fisher ,&nbsp;W. Martin Usrey","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Burst activity is a ubiquitous feature of thalamic neurons and is well documented for visual neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Although bursts are often associated with states of drowsiness, they are also known to convey visual information to cortex and are particularly effective in evoking cortical responses. The occurrence of thalamic bursts depends on (1) the inactivation gate of T-type Ca²⁺ channels (T-channels), which become de-inactivated following periods of increased membrane hyperpolarization, and (2) the opening of the T-channel activation gate, which has voltage-threshold and rate-of-change (δv/δt) requirements. Given the time/voltage relationship for the generation of Ca²⁺ potentials that underlie burst events, it is reasonable to predict that geniculate bursts are influenced by the luminance contrast of drifting grating stimuli, with the null phase of higher contrast stimuli evoking greater hyperpolarization followed by a larger dv/dt than the null phase of lower contrast stimuli. To determine the relationship between stimulus contrast and burst activity, we recorded the spiking activity of cat LGN neurons while presenting drifting sine-wave gratings that varied in luminance contrast. Results show that burst rate, reliability, and timing precision are significantly greater with higher contrast stimuli compared with lower contrast stimuli. Additional analysis from simultaneous recordings of synaptically connected retinal ganglion cells and LGN neurons further reveals the time/voltage dynamics underlying burst activity. Together, these results support the hypothesis that stimulus contrast and the biophysical properties underlying the state of T-type Ca²⁺ channels interact to influence burst activity, presumably to facilitate thalamocortical communication and stimulus detection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b4/4d/main.PMC10313900.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9737073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral detectability of optogenetic stimulation of inferior temporal cortex varies with the size of concurrently viewed objects","authors":"Rosa Lafer-Sousa ,&nbsp;Karen Wang ,&nbsp;Reza Azadi ,&nbsp;Emily Lopez ,&nbsp;Simon Bohn ,&nbsp;Arash Afraz","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We have previously demonstrated that macaque monkeys can behaviorally detect a subtle optogenetic impulse delivered to their inferior temporal (IT) cortex. We have also shown that the ability to detect the cortical stimulation impulse varies depending on some characteristics of the visual images viewed at the time of brain stimulation, revealing the visual nature of the perceptual events induced by stimulation of the IT cortex. Here we systematically studied the effect of the size of viewed objects on behavioral detectability of optogenetic stimulation of the central IT cortex. Surprisingly, we found that behavioral detection of the same optogenetic impulse highly varies with the size of the viewed object images. Reduction of the object size in four steps from 8 to 1 degree of visual angle significantly decreased detection performance. These results show that identical stimulation impulses delivered to the same neural population induce variable perceptual events depending on the mere size of the objects viewed at the time of brain stimulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b6/37/main.PMC9791129.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10800166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}