Current research in neurobiology最新文献

{"title":"Stimulus contrast modulates burst activity in the lateral geniculate nucleus","authors":"Alyssa N. Sanchez ,&nbsp;Henry J. Alitto ,&nbsp;Daniel L. Rathbun ,&nbsp;Tucker G. Fisher ,&nbsp;W. Martin Usrey","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Burst activity is a ubiquitous feature of thalamic neurons and is well documented for visual neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Although bursts are often associated with states of drowsiness, they are also known to convey visual information to cortex and are particularly effective in evoking cortical responses. The occurrence of thalamic bursts depends on (1) the inactivation gate of T-type Ca²⁺ channels (T-channels), which become de-inactivated following periods of increased membrane hyperpolarization, and (2) the opening of the T-channel activation gate, which has voltage-threshold and rate-of-change (δv/δt) requirements. Given the time/voltage relationship for the generation of Ca²⁺ potentials that underlie burst events, it is reasonable to predict that geniculate bursts are influenced by the luminance contrast of drifting grating stimuli, with the null phase of higher contrast stimuli evoking greater hyperpolarization followed by a larger dv/dt than the null phase of lower contrast stimuli. To determine the relationship between stimulus contrast and burst activity, we recorded the spiking activity of cat LGN neurons while presenting drifting sine-wave gratings that varied in luminance contrast. Results show that burst rate, reliability, and timing precision are significantly greater with higher contrast stimuli compared with lower contrast stimuli. Additional analysis from simultaneous recordings of synaptically connected retinal ganglion cells and LGN neurons further reveals the time/voltage dynamics underlying burst activity. Together, these results support the hypothesis that stimulus contrast and the biophysical properties underlying the state of T-type Ca²⁺ channels interact to influence burst activity, presumably to facilitate thalamocortical communication and stimulus detection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b4/4d/main.PMC10313900.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9737073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical areas involved in grasping and reaching actions with and without visual information: An ALE meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies","authors":"Samantha Sartin ,&nbsp;Mariagrazia Ranzini ,&nbsp;Cristina Scarpazza ,&nbsp;Simona Monaco","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The functional specialization of the ventral stream in Perception and the dorsal stream in Action is the cornerstone of the leading model proposed by Goodale and Milner in 1992. This model is based on neuropsychological evidence and has been a matter of debate for almost three decades, during which the dual-visual stream hypothesis has received much attention, including support and criticism. The advent of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has allowed investigating the brain areas involved in Perception and Action, and provided useful data on the functional specialization of the two streams. Research on this topic has been quite prolific, yet no meta-analysis so far has explored the spatial convergence in the involvement of the two streams in Action. The present meta-analysis (N = 53 fMRI and PET studies) was designed to reveal the specific neural activations associated with Action (i.e., grasping and reaching movements), and the extent to which visual information affects the involvement of the two streams during motor control. Our results provide a comprehensive view of the consistent and spatially convergent neural correlates of Action based on neuroimaging studies conducted over the past two decades. In particular, occipital-temporal areas showed higher activation likelihood in the Vision compared to the No vision condition, but no difference between reach and grasp actions. Frontal-parietal areas were consistently involved in both reach and grasp actions regardless of visual availability. We discuss our results in light of the well-established dual-visual stream model and frame these findings in the context of recent discoveries obtained with advanced fMRI methods, such as multivoxel pattern analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d5/42/main.PMC9826890.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9088727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propranolol reduces the accumulation of cytotoxic aggregates in C9orf72-ALS/FTD in vitro models","authors":"Mira Seidel ,&nbsp;Sandeep Rajkumar ,&nbsp;Christina Steffke ,&nbsp;Vivien Noeth ,&nbsp;Shreya Agarwal ,&nbsp;Kevin Roger ,&nbsp;Joanna Lipecka ,&nbsp;Albert Ludolph ,&nbsp;Chiara Ida Guerrera ,&nbsp;Tobias Boeckers ,&nbsp;Alberto Catanese","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mutations in the <em>C9orf72</em> gene are the most common cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The pathogenetic mechanisms linked to this gene are a direct consequence of an aberrant intronic expansion of a GGGGCC hexanucleotide located between the 1a and 1b non-coding exons, which can be transcribed to form cytotoxic RNA foci or even translated into aggregation-prone dipeptide repeat proteins. Importantly, the abnormal length of these repeats affects also the expression levels of C9orf72 itself, which suggests haploinsufficiency as additional pathomechanism. Thus, it appears that both toxic gain of function and loss of function are distinct but still coexistent features contributing to the insurgence of the disease in case of C9orf72 mutations. In this study, we aimed at identifying a strategy to address both aspects of the C9orf72-related pathobiochemistry and provide proof-of-principle information for a better understanding of the mechanisms leading to neuronal loss. By using primary neurons overexpressing toxic poly(GA), the most abundant protein product of the GGGGCC repeats, we found that the antiarrhythmic drug propranolol could efficiently reduce the accumulation of aberrant aggregates and increase the survival of C9orf72-related cultures. Interestingly, the improved catabolism appeared to not depend on major degradative pathways such as autophagy and the proteasome. By analyzing the proteome of poly(GA)-expressing neurons after exposure to propranolol, we found that the drug increased lysosomal degradation through a mechanism directly involving C9orf72 protein, whose levels were increased after treatment. Further confirmation of the beneficial effect of the beta blocker on aggregates' accumulation and survival of hiPSC-derived C9orf72-mutant motoneurons strengthened the finding that addressing both facets of C9orf72 pathology might represent a valid strategy for the treatment of these ALS/FTD cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49774769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GABAB receptor outward currents are transiently disclosed by the convulsant 4-aminopyridine in vitro","authors":"Adriano Cattani ,&nbsp;Siyan Wang ,&nbsp;Maxime Lévesque ,&nbsp;Jean-Pierre Farmer ,&nbsp;Roy William Roland Dudley ,&nbsp;Massimo Avoli","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The K⁺ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4AP) has been extensively used to investigate the mechanisms underlying neuronal network synchronization in both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> animal models of focal epilepsy. 4AP-induced effects are paralleled by an increase in both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter release, but the mechanisms of action of 4AP on neuronal networks remain unclear. By employing simultaneous whole-cell patch clamp and field potential recordings from hippocampal CA3/4 pyramidal layer of acute brain slices obtained from mice (n = 30), we found that the appearance of epileptiform discharges induced by 4AP (100 μM) is consistently preceded by the transient recurrence of presumptive GABA_B outward currents, which are not mirrored by any field activity. These GABA_B outward currents still occurred during application of ionotropic glutamatergic antagonists (n = 12 cells) but were blocked by the GABA_B receptor antagonist CGP55845 (n = 7). Our findings show that the transient occurrence of distinct GABA_B outward currents precedes the appearance of 4AP-induced neuronal network synchronization leading to epileptiform activity in the rodent hippocampus <em>in vitro</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665945X23000451/pdfft?md5=b83bba4c63ad0cbc652ad50485a2de17&pid=1-s2.0-S2665945X23000451-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138135960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple routes of communication within the amygdala-mPFC network: A comparative approach in humans and macaques","authors":"C. Giacometti ,&nbsp;C. Amiez ,&nbsp;F. Hadj-Bouziane","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The network formed by the amygdala (AMG) and the medial Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC), at the interface between our internal and external environment, has been shown to support some important aspects of behavioral adaptation. Whether and how the anatomo-functional organization of this network evolved across primates remains unclear. Here, we compared AMG nuclei morphological characteristics and their functional connectivity with the mPFC in humans and macaques to identify potential homologies and differences between these species. Based on selected studies, we highlight two subsystems within the AMG-mPFC circuits, likely involved in distinct temporal dynamics of integration during behavioral adaptation. We also show that whereas the mPFC displays a large expansion but a preserved intrinsic anatomo-functional organization, the AMG displays a volume reduction and morphological changes related to specific nuclei. We discuss potential commonalities and differences in the dialogue between AMG nuclei and mPFC in humans and macaques based on available data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4c/be/main.PMC10432920.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10040826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualizing advances in the future of primate neuroscience research","authors":"Peter Janssen ,&nbsp;Tadashi Isa ,&nbsp;Jose Lanciego ,&nbsp;Kirk Leech ,&nbsp;Nikos Logothetis ,&nbsp;Mu-Ming Poo ,&nbsp;Anna S. Mitchell","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Future neuroscience and biomedical projects involving non-human primates (NHPs) remain essential in our endeavors to understand the complexities and functioning of the mammalian central nervous system. In so doing, the NHP neuroscience researcher must be allowed to incorporate state-of-the-art technologies, including the use of novel viral vectors, gene therapy and transgenic approaches to answer continuing and emerging research questions that can only be addressed in NHP research models. This perspective piece captures these emerging technologies and some specific research questions they can address. At the same time, we highlight some current caveats to global NHP research and collaborations including the lack of common ethical and regulatory frameworks for NHP research, the limitations involving animal transportation and exports, and the ongoing influence of activist groups opposed to NHP research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9792703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10446289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent olfactory learning deficits during and post-COVID-19 infection","authors":"Rajdeep Bhowmik ,&nbsp;Meenakshi Pardasani ,&nbsp;Sarang Mahajan ,&nbsp;Rahul Magar ,&nbsp;Samir V. Joshi ,&nbsp;Ganesh Ashish Nair ,&nbsp;Anindya S. Bhattacharjee ,&nbsp;Nixon M. Abraham","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quantifying olfactory impairments can facilitate early detection of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite being a debated topic, many reports provide evidence for the neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2. However, a sensitive, specific, and accurate non-invasive method for quantifying persistent neurological impairments is missing to date. To quantify olfactory detectabilities and neurocognitive impairments in symptomatic COVID-19 patients during and post-infection periods, we used a custom-built olfactory-action meter (OAM) providing accurate behavioral readouts. Ten monomolecular odors were used for quantifying olfactory detectabilities and two pairs of odors were employed for olfactory matching tests. We followed cohorts of healthy subjects, symptomatic patients, and recovered subjects for probing olfactory learning deficits, before the Coronavirus Omicron variant was reported in India. Our method identifies severe and persistent olfactory dysfunctions in symptomatic patients during COVID-19 infection. Symptomatic patients and recovered subjects showed significant olfactory learning deficits during and post-infection periods, 4–18 months, in comparison to healthy subjects. On comparing olfactory fitness, we found differential odor detectabilities and olfactory function scores in symptomatic patients and asymptomatic carriers. Our results indicate probable long-term neurocognitive deficits in COVID-19 patients imploring the necessity of long-term tracking during post-infection period. Differential olfactory fitness observed in symptomatic patients and asymptomatic carriers demand probing mechanisms of potentially distinct infection routes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100081"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6d/2d/main.PMC9985517.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9741220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuromodulation of the anterior thalamus: Current approaches and opportunities for the future","authors":"Pooja Venkatesh,&nbsp;Cody Wolfe,&nbsp;Bradley Lega,&nbsp;Illustrations by Corbyn Beach","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The role of thalamocortical circuits in memory has driven a recent burst of scholarship, especially in animal models. Investigating this circuitry in humans is more challenging. And yet, the development of new recording and stimulation technologies deployed for clinical indications has created novel opportunities for data collection to elucidate the cognitive roles of thalamic structures. These technologies include stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and responsive neurostimulation (RNS), all of which have been applied to memory-related thalamic regions, specifically for seizure localization and treatment. This review seeks to summarize the existing applications of neuromodulation of the anterior thalamic nuclei (ANT) and highlight several devices and their capabilities that can allow cognitive researchers to design experiments to assay its functionality. Our goal is to introduce to investigators, who may not be familiar with these clinical devices, the capabilities, and limitations of these tools for understanding the neurophysiology of the ANT as it pertains to memory and other behaviors. We also briefly cover the targeting of other thalamic regions including the centromedian (CM) nucleus, dorsomedial (DM) nucleus, and pulvinar, with associated potential avenues of experimentation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49774770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publisher's announcement","authors":"Gail M. Rodney","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49774772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral optogenetics in nonhuman primates; a psychological perspective","authors":"Arash Afraz","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Optogenetics has been a promising and developing technology in systems neuroscience throughout the past decade. It has been difficult though to reliably establish the potential behavioral effects of optogenetic perturbation of the neural activity in nonhuman primates. This poses a challenge on the future of optogenetics in humans as the concepts and technology need to be developed in nonhuman primates first. Here, I briefly summarize the viable approaches taken to improve nonhuman primate behavioral optogenetics, then focus on one approach: improvements in the measurement of behavior. I bring examples from visual behavior and show how the choice of method of measurement might conceal large behavioral effects. I will then discuss the “cortical perturbation detection” task in detail as an example of a sensitive task that can record the behavioral effects of optogenetic cortical stimulation with high fidelity. Finally, encouraged by the rich scientific landscape ahead of behavioral optogenetics, I invite technology developers to improve the chronically implantable devices designed for simultaneous neural recording and optogenetic intervention in nonhuman primates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49780848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}