Mary M Eckert, Natalie L Rosenwasser, Stephen C Wong
{"title":"Welcoming Healthcare Into Our Virtual Meeting Rooms: Perspective and Perseverance in Pediatric Rheumatology.","authors":"Mary M Eckert, Natalie L Rosenwasser, Stephen C Wong","doi":"10.1007/s40124-021-00252-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40124-021-00252-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>We highlight practice changes adopted to increased use of telemedicine, look at precision, and accuracy in using a virtual visit to evaluate and treat rheumatic disease, and describe our shift in engaging patients and their families in supporting our research aims.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Telemedicine visits increased substantially with the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. With this change came the need for significant advances to our telemedicine practices to allow for quality patient visits and continued research collection.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Telemedicine will continue to be an area of increasing importance and has been found to be especially useful for regions like ours which cover many patients in remote areas across Washington, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, and Alaska. Through the development of new techniques and the use of new technologies, we have been able to improve both the visit quality for patients and our ability to collect research data.</p>","PeriodicalId":72740,"journal":{"name":"Current pediatrics reports","volume":" ","pages":"162-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8488317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39505636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vanessa Cristina Jacovas, Maria Eulália Vinadé Chagas, Hilda Maria Rodrigues Moleda Constant, Suelen Stihl Alves, João Ronaldo Mafalda Krauzer, Luciano Remião Guerra, Aristóteles de Almeida Pires, Luciane Gomes da Cunha, Maria Cristina Cotta Matte, Taís de Campos Moreira, Felipe Cezar Cabral
{"title":"Telemedicine in Pediatric Intensive Care Units: Perspectives From a Brazilian Experience.","authors":"Vanessa Cristina Jacovas, Maria Eulália Vinadé Chagas, Hilda Maria Rodrigues Moleda Constant, Suelen Stihl Alves, João Ronaldo Mafalda Krauzer, Luciano Remião Guerra, Aristóteles de Almeida Pires, Luciane Gomes da Cunha, Maria Cristina Cotta Matte, Taís de Campos Moreira, Felipe Cezar Cabral","doi":"10.1007/s40124-021-00242-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40124-021-00242-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To present the implementation of a telemedicine project (TeleICU) in pediatric intensive care units (ICU) throughout different Brazilian regions.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Although telemedicine in pediatric ICUs has shown evidence of benefit in numerous studies with potential to 18 mitigate existing disparities, in Brazil, its use is still under development. Brazil has several opportunities for implementing this resource since, according to the National Registry of Healthcare 20 Establishments (NRHE), there is a discrepancy in the density of pediatric intensive care physicians per patient and the availability 21 of pediatric ICU beds per number of inhabitants.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Health technologies are being widely used to fill gaps in the healthcare system. Telemedicine has been an important tool to meet demands in intensive care units, especially the demand for specialized assistance. TeleICU is a Brazilian model of telemedicine that performs multidisciplinary telerounds in remote pediatric ICUs and develops continuing education activities for the healthcare teams. The project aims to systematize and to qualify care, as well as to reduce risks for patients admitted to pediatric ICUs engaged in the project. Preliminary results have demonstrated a positive impact regarding this approach, providing medical care to 6640 inpatients-day in two Brazilian pediatric ICUs, for 616 patients during 946 daily telerounds.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40124-021-00242-z.</p>","PeriodicalId":72740,"journal":{"name":"Current pediatrics reports","volume":"9 3","pages":"65-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40124-021-00242-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39196410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Telemedicine in Child and Adolescent Healthcare in India.","authors":"Preeti M Galagali, Sreyoshi Ghosh, Hemant Bhargav","doi":"10.1007/s40124-021-00253-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40124-021-00253-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>We highlight the evolution and use of telemedicine in child and adolescent healthcare in India, in pre and post pandemic eras.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The latest research endorses telemedicine as a successful strategy in resource-limited settings to provide accessible and equitable healthcare.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Telemedicine was initiated in India in 2001. The pandemic restrictions resulted in an increase in its use. The national telemedicine and telepsychiatry guidelines facilitated and enabled its widespread use. Telehealth was used by private and public health establishments, in urban, rural, and remote areas. It was used for triaging cases; managing and monitoring COVID patients in home isolation, in non-COVID medical and psychiatric care, and follow-up; continuing medical education; and health promotion strategies like teleyoga. The shortcomings included inability to provide privacy and confidentiality, perform physical examination, and provide emergency care. Most patients and their caregivers expressed satisfaction with telehealth services. Telemedicine is likely to become an integral part of healthcare services in the post pandemic era.</p>","PeriodicalId":72740,"journal":{"name":"Current pediatrics reports","volume":" ","pages":"154-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8499609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39512707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current Insights Into the Pathophysiology of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.","authors":"Laura A Vella, Anne H Rowley","doi":"10.1007/s40124-021-00257-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40124-021-00257-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>We highlight the new clinical entity multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), the progress in understanding its immunopathogenesis, and compare and contrast the clinical and immunologic features of MIS-C with Kawasaki disease (KD).</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Studies show immune dysregulation in MIS-C including T lymphocyte depletion and activation, T cell receptor Vbeta skewing, elevated plasmablast frequencies, increased markers of vascular pathology, and decreased numbers and functional profiles of antigen-presenting cells.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>MIS-C is a late manifestation of infection with SARS-CoV-2 associated with marked immune activation and many potential mechanisms of immunopathogenesis. MIS-C and KD have clinical similarities but are distinct. Myocardial dysfunction with or without mild coronary artery dilation can occur in MIS-C but generally corrects within weeks. In contrast, the coronary arteries are the primary target in KD, and coronary artery sequelae can be lifelong. Supportive care and anti-inflammatory therapy appear to hasten improvement in children with MIS-C, and there is hope that vaccines will prevent its development.</p>","PeriodicalId":72740,"journal":{"name":"Current pediatrics reports","volume":"9 4","pages":"83-92"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8524214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9282053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Where There Is (No) Smoke, There Is Still Fire: a Review of Trends, Reasons for Use, Preferences and Harm Perceptions of Adolescent and Young Adult Electronic Cigarette Use.","authors":"Priya Sarin Gupta, Kelly M Kalagher","doi":"10.1007/s40124-021-00240-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40124-021-00240-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of the review: </strong>To review the current prevalence, trends, perceptions, and effects of e-cigarette or vaping product use associated lung injury (EVALI) on e-cigarette use among US adolescents and young adults.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>COVID-19 diagnosis was more likely among the current/ever dual cigarette and e-cigarettes users, as well as ever e-cigarette only users. Additionally, the EVALI outbreak may have influenced harm perceptions, as daily nicotine vaping declined significantly from 2019 to 2020, and more youth and young adults perceived vaping as harmful.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The prevalence of e-cigarette use, specifically flavored use, remains high among adolescents and young adults, which is concerning due to the short-term and unknown long-term effects of e-cigarettes and their association with future cigarette and other substance use.</p>","PeriodicalId":72740,"journal":{"name":"Current pediatrics reports","volume":"9 3","pages":"47-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40124-021-00240-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38988187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D Enkhmaa, B Munkhuu, T Baatar, J Purevsuren, E Minjuur, G Luuzanbadam, R MacKenzie, D Warburton, Sh Enkhtur
{"title":"Overview of Telemedicine Services in Mongolia.","authors":"D Enkhmaa, B Munkhuu, T Baatar, J Purevsuren, E Minjuur, G Luuzanbadam, R MacKenzie, D Warburton, Sh Enkhtur","doi":"10.1007/s40124-021-00245-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40124-021-00245-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To highlight some achievements made through usage of telecommunication technologies in Mongolia as an example of a developing country with remote areas.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Telemedicine can be implemented not only for remote monitoring, diagnosing, and treating purposes but also can be effectively used for delivering knowledge and consultation services via modern technologies.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Tele-health services can be successfully added to the traditional approach of physicians, especially in the countries with a vast territory with distant areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":72740,"journal":{"name":"Current pediatrics reports","volume":"9 3","pages":"77-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40124-021-00245-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39181076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Expansion of Pediatric Care Through Digital Technology.","authors":"Yolanda N Evans, Evelyn Eisenstein","doi":"10.1007/s40124-021-00250-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40124-021-00250-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this commentary, we hope to offer examples of how technology is building connections and agencies are working creatively to reduce disparities in digital technology access to improve the lives of children and adolescents across the globe.</p>","PeriodicalId":72740,"journal":{"name":"Current pediatrics reports","volume":" ","pages":"178-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8487230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39505635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Do you Focus on Quality of Life When Kids Cannot Go to School or Outside?","authors":"Teresa Vente","doi":"10.1007/s40124-021-00238-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40124-021-00238-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This paper seeks to explore the definitions of quality of life and its application to pediatric research and clinical practice. This paper also highlights some of the imperfections in evaluating patient-reported outcomes designed to measure quality of life in pediatrics. Additionally, this paper explores some of the unique challenges in promoting quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>There are numerous different measurement scales to examine quality of life in children of different ages, and with a variety of disease states.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Despite the number of quality of life measurement tools, not every patient population has a validated measure, including patients with palliative care needs. There is no consensus on how to incorporate findings from patient-reported outcomes into clinical practice recommendations. Professional organizations offer guidance and resources for families to encourage focus on quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":72740,"journal":{"name":"Current pediatrics reports","volume":"9 2","pages":"37-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40124-021-00238-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25485651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Basics of Ventilator Waveforms.","authors":"Elizabeth Emrath","doi":"10.1007/s40124-020-00235-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40124-020-00235-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Knowledge of ventilator waveforms is important for clinicians working with children requiring mechanical ventilation. This review covers the basics of how to interpret and use data from ventilator waveforms in the pediatric intensive care unit.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA) is a common finding in pediatric patients and observed in approximately one-third of ventilator breaths. PVA is associated with worse outcomes including increased length of mechanical ventilation, increased length of stay, and increased mortality. Identification of PVA is possible with a thorough knowledge of ventilator waveforms.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Ventilator waveforms are graphical descriptions of how a breath is delivered to a patient. These include three scalars (flow versus time, volume versus time, and pressure versus time) and two loops (pressure-volume and flow-volume). Thorough understanding of both scalars and loops, and their characteristic appearances, is essential to being able to evaluate a patient's respiratory mechanics and interaction with the ventilator.</p>","PeriodicalId":72740,"journal":{"name":"Current pediatrics reports","volume":" ","pages":"11-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40124-020-00235-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38806142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact and Clinical Implications of Prematurity on Adaptive Immune Development.","authors":"Emma Idzikowski, Thomas J Connors","doi":"10.1007/s40124-020-00234-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40124-020-00234-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Detail normal adaptive immune maturation during fetal and neonatal life and review the clinical implications of arrested immune development.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Advancements in the field of immunology have enabled investigations of the adaptive immunity starting during fetal life. New insights have drawn important distinctions between the neonatal and adult immune systems. The presence of diverse immunologic responses in the perinatal period suggests the importance of <i>in utero</i> immune development. Disruption of immune maturation due to premature birth may have significant implications for clinical pathology.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Establishing protective adaptive immunity during the perinatal period is critical for effective immune responses later in life. Preterm infants are susceptible to aberrant immune system maturation and inflammatory immune responses have been associated with the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Improving our understanding of how immune responses contribute to the pathogenesis of NEC and BPD may offer new opportunities for future treatment and prevention of these diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":72740,"journal":{"name":"Current pediatrics reports","volume":"8 4","pages":"194-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40124-020-00234-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25539472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}