Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C: Comparative pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Vascular reactivity of the efferent branchial arteries of the lemon shark, Negaprion queenslandicus","authors":"M.B. Bennett","doi":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90098-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90098-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>1. Efferent branchial artery tissue rings from <em>Negaprion queenslandicus</em> were used to examine the effects of adrenergic and cholinergic drugs on the vasculature.</p><p>2. The presence of α- and β-adrenoceptors were demonstrated.</p><p>3. Adrenaline and noradrenaline produced variable, including biphasic, responses.</p><p>4. Acetylcholine produced concentration-dependent contractions in the presence of a predominantly intact endothelium.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72650,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C: Comparative pharmacology","volume":"105 3","pages":"Pages 535-541"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0742-8413(93)90098-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54006563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous analyses of monoamines and their metabolites in urine specimens of patients with neuroblastoma","authors":"Naokuni Takeda","doi":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90073-T","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90073-T","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>1. Tyrosine and tryptophan, as well as 26 metabolites of these amino acids, were analyzed simultaneously in urine specimens from patients with neuroblastoma and control infants by a three-dimensional HPLC system to develop an early diagnosis.</p><p>2. Levels of detected compounds in urine from patients with neuroblastoma were generally higher in the case of catecholamines and lower in the case of indolalkylamines than those in controls.</p><p>3. The pathways of Dopamine-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid-Vanillylmandelic acid, Dopamine-3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol-Vanillylmandelic acid-Vanillic acid and Tyrosine-4-Hydroxy-phenylacetic acid-4 were, in particular, found to be active in patients with neuroblastoma.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72650,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C: Comparative pharmacology","volume":"105 3","pages":"Pages 373-377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0742-8413(93)90073-T","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18897672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of deionized water on viability of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha","authors":"J.L. Ram,&nbsp;J.U. Walker","doi":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90079-Z","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90079-Z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>1. Zebra mussels exposed to deionized water (DW, changed daily) begin to die within several days. More than half the animals die in DW within a week.</p><p>2. Animals allowed to reattach themselves prior to exposure to DW live somewhat longer than detached animals exposed to DW but are still sensitive to the toxic effects of DW.</p><p>3. Small animals die in response to DW faster than large animals.</p><p>4. The toxic effect of DW can be suppressed by addition of 0.5 mM NaCl, 0.25 mM MgSO₄, or small amounts of aquarium water.</p><p>5. KCl is about 10 times more toxic to zebra mussels when applied in DW than when applied in aquarium water.</p><p>6. The toxic effects of 37 mg KCl/1 DW are not prevented by the addition of 0.5 mM NaCl or 0.25 mM MgSO₄.</p><p>7. Stimulation of potassium transport mechanisms by DW may account for the increased toxicity of KCl in DW. Toxic effects of DW and increased toxicity of potassium in DW may have applications in controlling zebra mussel infestations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72650,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C: Comparative pharmacology","volume":"105 3","pages":"Pages 409-414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0742-8413(93)90079-Z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18897676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ionic components of the electrical response of chromaffin cells from the toad (Caudiverbera caudiverbera) adrenal gland","authors":"Veronica Nassar-Gentina,&nbsp;Christian Bonansco,&nbsp;Mario Luxoro","doi":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90094-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90094-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>1. Ultra fine tip muelectrodes (300 MOhm) were used to study the electrical properties of the chromaffin cell membrane <em>in situ</em> in the intact toad adrenal gland.</p><p>2. In the presence of physiologic [K⁺]_o(2 mM) the resting membrane potential (<em>V</em>_m) was − 53 ± 3.2 mV. <em>V</em>_m, depended on [K⁺]_o as predicted by the constant field equation with <span><math><mtext>P</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>Na</mtext></mn></msub><mtext>P</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>K</mtext></mn></msub><mtext> </mtext><mtext>of</mtext><mtext> 0.16</mtext></math></span></p><p>3. A small fraction (20%) of the impaled cells exhibited spontaneous electrical activity, though in all the cells examined, the injection of depolarizing current pulses elicited repetitive spikes.</p><p>4. Our measurements of the chromaffin cell input resistance (326 ± 35 MOhm) is substantially smaller than the values reported for bovine isolated chromaffin cells, suggesting that the toad adrenal chromaffin cells might be electrically coupled.</p><p>5. Tetraethylammonium (TEA) increased the amplitude and duration of spikes, probably inhibiting outward K⁺ current. In the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) action potentials were abolished, although they reappeared if TEA was added, suggesting the participation of both Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ currents in the genesis of spikes.</p><p>6. As expected, acetylcholine (ACh) and nicotine depolarized the cells, though they did not always elicit electrical activity.</p><p>7. Muscarine (10–100 μM) had no effect on both <em>V</em>_m and on the depolarization induced by ACh or nicotine. Since muscarine inhibits catecholamine (CA) secretion induced by ACh and nicotine, we concluded that the inhibition of CA release by muscarine in the toad probably occurs at a level other than the membrane.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72650,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C: Comparative pharmacology","volume":"105 3","pages":"Pages 513-520"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0742-8413(93)90094-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18901045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of two proboscis muscles of Neptunea antiqua (mollusca) to some calcium antagonist drugs","authors":"F.I. Alohan","doi":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90087-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90087-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>1. Both the radular retractor (RR) and radular sac (RS) muscles of <em>Neptunea antiqua</em> depend upon [Ca]₀ to raise the internal calcium concentration of the contractile elements to activation level.</p><p>2. The K- and ACh-induced responses of the muscles were strongly inhibited in calcium-free seawater.</p><p>3. Calcium antagonist drugs were more inhibitory on ACh-induced responses than on K-responses suggesting a dichotomy of calcium channel activities modulated by these agonists.</p><p>4. The calcium ionophore A23187 enhanced ACh-induced responses of both muscles but was without effect on K-induced responses.</p><p>5. The responses of these <em>Neptunea</em> muscles to calcium antagonist drugs show some similarities but also differences to those of <em>Buccinum</em> muscles and are quite unlike the excitation induced by organic antagonists in similar muscles of the American whelk <em>Busycon canaliculatum</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72650,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C: Comparative pharmacology","volume":"105 3","pages":"Pages 463-469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0742-8413(93)90087-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54006452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low sensitivity of ciliary activity in the gills of Anodonta cygnea to some ecotoxicals","authors":"K.Y.H. Lagerspetz,&nbsp;A. Tiiska,&nbsp;K.E.O. Senius","doi":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90076-W","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90076-W","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>1. The effects of some ecotoxical model substances on the activity of frontal gill cilia of freshwater mussel <em>Anodonta cygnea</em> were studied in 1 and 24 hr experiments with the particle transport method. The effects were compared with the results of standard <em>Daphnia magna</em> <span>ec</span>₅₀ tests with the same substances.</p><p>2. Variations of pH between 4.8 and 8.1 affected the ciliary activity by less than 30%.</p><p>3. Ciliary activity was less sensitive to heavy metal salts, sodium lauryl sulphate and to two pulp industry waste model substances than <em>D. magna</em>.</p><p>4. Compared to <em>D. magna</em>, the ciliary activity was more sensitive to formalin and 2,4-dinitrophenol, and as sensitive to ethanol.</p><p>5. Ciliary activity in bivalve gills is a well regulated and/or a relative insensitive function, but it may be used as a rapid screening test for some cell ecotoxicals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72650,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C: Comparative pharmacology","volume":"105 3","pages":"Pages 393-395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0742-8413(93)90076-W","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54006335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of liver mixed function oxidases in camels (Camelus dromedarius), guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) and rats (Rattus norvegicus)","authors":"Zoheir A. Damanhouri,&nbsp;Osama S. Tayeb","doi":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90090-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90090-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>1. The activities of the drug-metabolizing enzymes, benzphetamine <em>N</em>-demethylase, 7-ethoxy-coumarin <em>O</em>-deethylase and dicoumarol oxidation have been measured <em>in vitro</em> in the liver of camels, guinea pigs and rats.</p><p>2. In these species, levels of hepatic microsomal parameters namely microsomal protein, cytochrome P₄₅₀, cytochrome b₅ and NADPH-cytochrome <em>c</em> reductase have also been determined.</p><p>3. In general, camels seemed to have the lowest enzyme activity when compared to rats and guinea pigs.</p><p>4. Some sex differences were observed in the levels of enzymes studied. In rats and guinea pigs, males had higher benzphetamine <em>N</em>-demethylase than females. However, in camels and guinea pigs, females had higher 7-ethoxycoumarin <em>O</em>-deethylase when compared to males.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72650,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C: Comparative pharmacology","volume":"105 3","pages":"Pages 487-491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0742-8413(93)90090-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18696040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alteration of starfish oocyte adenylate cyclase properties in gametogenesis","authors":"N.E. Lamash,&nbsp;E.M. Karaseva,&nbsp;Yu S. Khotimchenko","doi":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90097-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90097-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>1. The properties of the oocyte membrane adenylate cyclase system of the starfish <em>Aphelasterias japonica</em> at different stages of gametogenesis were studied.</p><p>2. The adenylate cyclase activity of fully grown oocytes was insensitive to catecholamines whereas activity in growing oocytes was increased.</p><p>3. Forskolin and NaF stimulated catalytic activity of growth and fully grown oocytes to various degrees. The stimulated effect of these modifiers was more considerable in grown oocytes.</p><p>4. We believe that the interaction between components of the adenylate cyclase system is altered in gametogenesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72650,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C: Comparative pharmacology","volume":"105 3","pages":"Pages 531-534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0742-8413(93)90097-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54006555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of cypermethrin on the free amino acids pool in an organophosphorus-insecticide-resistant and a susceptible strain of Tribolium castaneum","authors":"Mushtaq A. Saleem,&nbsp;A.R. Shakoori","doi":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90100-Y","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90100-Y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>1. Proline was found to be the major component of CTC-12 (44%) and FSS II (45%) strain.</p><p>2. The cypermethrin treatment resulted in an increase in most of the amino acids of sixth instar larvae and all amino acids of adult beetles of CTC 12 strain.</p><p>3. In the susceptible strain (FSS II), however, the tyrosine, phenylalanine and arginine increased, whereas serine, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine were decreased significantly in the sixth instar larvae.</p><p>4. In the FSS II adult beetles, only aspartic acid increased, while other amino acids either decreased (threonine, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, tyrososine, lysine, arginine) or remained unaffected (serine, glutamic acid, leucine, phenylalanine, histidine).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72650,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C: Comparative pharmacology","volume":"105 3","pages":"Pages 549-553"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0742-8413(93)90100-Y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54006579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative thermodynamics of opioid receptor ligand interaction in the bovine adrenal medulla membranes—Evidence of opioid site heterogeneity","authors":"N. Bourhim ,&nbsp;Ph. Cantau ,&nbsp;P. Giraud ,&nbsp;E. Castanas","doi":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90083-W","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90083-W","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>1. A marked dependence on temperature of agonist binding δ, μ and <em>κ</em>₁₋₃, opioid sites in the bovine adrenal medulla was observed, at the range of 0 to 37°C. These changes concern kinetic (<em>k</em>₁) and equilibrium constants (<em>K</em>_d), but not binding capacities (<em>B</em>_max).</p><p>2. These dependences are different for each ligand and each opioid receptor, suggesting their molecular heterogeneity.</p><p>3. The comparative thermodynamics indicates that the interaction of opioid agonists with their receptor is exergonic (<em>ΔG</em>° &lt; 0) and entropy driven (<em>ΔS</em>° &gt; 0).</p><p>4. The comparison of Van't Hoff and Arrhenius plots indicates a discrete mechanism in the binding of each opioid receptor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72650,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C: Comparative pharmacology","volume":"105 3","pages":"Pages 435-442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0742-8413(93)90083-W","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18901041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}