Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C: Comparative pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Vascular reactivity of the efferent branchial arteries of the lemon shark, Negaprion queenslandicus","authors":"M.B. Bennett","doi":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90098-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90098-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>1. Efferent branchial artery tissue rings from <em>Negaprion queenslandicus</em> were used to examine the effects of adrenergic and cholinergic drugs on the vasculature.</p><p>2. The presence of α- and β-adrenoceptors were demonstrated.</p><p>3. Adrenaline and noradrenaline produced variable, including biphasic, responses.</p><p>4. Acetylcholine produced concentration-dependent contractions in the presence of a predominantly intact endothelium.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72650,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C: Comparative pharmacology","volume":"105 3","pages":"Pages 535-541"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0742-8413(93)90098-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54006563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ionic components of the electrical response of chromaffin cells from the toad (Caudiverbera caudiverbera) adrenal gland","authors":"Veronica Nassar-Gentina,&nbsp;Christian Bonansco,&nbsp;Mario Luxoro","doi":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90094-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90094-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>1. Ultra fine tip muelectrodes (300 MOhm) were used to study the electrical properties of the chromaffin cell membrane <em>in situ</em> in the intact toad adrenal gland.</p><p>2. In the presence of physiologic [K⁺]_o(2 mM) the resting membrane potential (<em>V</em>_m) was − 53 ± 3.2 mV. <em>V</em>_m, depended on [K⁺]_o as predicted by the constant field equation with <span><math><mtext>P</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>Na</mtext></mn></msub><mtext>P</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>K</mtext></mn></msub><mtext> </mtext><mtext>of</mtext><mtext> 0.16</mtext></math></span></p><p>3. A small fraction (20%) of the impaled cells exhibited spontaneous electrical activity, though in all the cells examined, the injection of depolarizing current pulses elicited repetitive spikes.</p><p>4. Our measurements of the chromaffin cell input resistance (326 ± 35 MOhm) is substantially smaller than the values reported for bovine isolated chromaffin cells, suggesting that the toad adrenal chromaffin cells might be electrically coupled.</p><p>5. Tetraethylammonium (TEA) increased the amplitude and duration of spikes, probably inhibiting outward K⁺ current. In the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) action potentials were abolished, although they reappeared if TEA was added, suggesting the participation of both Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ currents in the genesis of spikes.</p><p>6. As expected, acetylcholine (ACh) and nicotine depolarized the cells, though they did not always elicit electrical activity.</p><p>7. Muscarine (10–100 μM) had no effect on both <em>V</em>_m and on the depolarization induced by ACh or nicotine. Since muscarine inhibits catecholamine (CA) secretion induced by ACh and nicotine, we concluded that the inhibition of CA release by muscarine in the toad probably occurs at a level other than the membrane.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72650,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C: Comparative pharmacology","volume":"105 3","pages":"Pages 513-520"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0742-8413(93)90094-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18901045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous analyses of monoamines and their metabolites in urine specimens of patients with neuroblastoma","authors":"Naokuni Takeda","doi":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90073-T","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90073-T","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>1. Tyrosine and tryptophan, as well as 26 metabolites of these amino acids, were analyzed simultaneously in urine specimens from patients with neuroblastoma and control infants by a three-dimensional HPLC system to develop an early diagnosis.</p><p>2. Levels of detected compounds in urine from patients with neuroblastoma were generally higher in the case of catecholamines and lower in the case of indolalkylamines than those in controls.</p><p>3. The pathways of Dopamine-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid-Vanillylmandelic acid, Dopamine-3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol-Vanillylmandelic acid-Vanillic acid and Tyrosine-4-Hydroxy-phenylacetic acid-4 were, in particular, found to be active in patients with neuroblastoma.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72650,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C: Comparative pharmacology","volume":"105 3","pages":"Pages 373-377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0742-8413(93)90073-T","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18897672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of deionized water on viability of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha","authors":"J.L. Ram,&nbsp;J.U. Walker","doi":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90079-Z","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90079-Z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>1. Zebra mussels exposed to deionized water (DW, changed daily) begin to die within several days. More than half the animals die in DW within a week.</p><p>2. Animals allowed to reattach themselves prior to exposure to DW live somewhat longer than detached animals exposed to DW but are still sensitive to the toxic effects of DW.</p><p>3. Small animals die in response to DW faster than large animals.</p><p>4. The toxic effect of DW can be suppressed by addition of 0.5 mM NaCl, 0.25 mM MgSO₄, or small amounts of aquarium water.</p><p>5. KCl is about 10 times more toxic to zebra mussels when applied in DW than when applied in aquarium water.</p><p>6. The toxic effects of 37 mg KCl/1 DW are not prevented by the addition of 0.5 mM NaCl or 0.25 mM MgSO₄.</p><p>7. Stimulation of potassium transport mechanisms by DW may account for the increased toxicity of KCl in DW. Toxic effects of DW and increased toxicity of potassium in DW may have applications in controlling zebra mussel infestations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72650,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C: Comparative pharmacology","volume":"105 3","pages":"Pages 409-414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0742-8413(93)90079-Z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18897676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of liver mixed function oxidases in camels (Camelus dromedarius), guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) and rats (Rattus norvegicus)","authors":"Zoheir A. Damanhouri,&nbsp;Osama S. Tayeb","doi":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90090-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90090-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>1. The activities of the drug-metabolizing enzymes, benzphetamine <em>N</em>-demethylase, 7-ethoxy-coumarin <em>O</em>-deethylase and dicoumarol oxidation have been measured <em>in vitro</em> in the liver of camels, guinea pigs and rats.</p><p>2. In these species, levels of hepatic microsomal parameters namely microsomal protein, cytochrome P₄₅₀, cytochrome b₅ and NADPH-cytochrome <em>c</em> reductase have also been determined.</p><p>3. In general, camels seemed to have the lowest enzyme activity when compared to rats and guinea pigs.</p><p>4. Some sex differences were observed in the levels of enzymes studied. In rats and guinea pigs, males had higher benzphetamine <em>N</em>-demethylase than females. However, in camels and guinea pigs, females had higher 7-ethoxycoumarin <em>O</em>-deethylase when compared to males.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72650,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C: Comparative pharmacology","volume":"105 3","pages":"Pages 487-491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0742-8413(93)90090-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18696040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low sensitivity of ciliary activity in the gills of Anodonta cygnea to some ecotoxicals","authors":"K.Y.H. Lagerspetz,&nbsp;A. Tiiska,&nbsp;K.E.O. Senius","doi":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90076-W","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90076-W","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>1. The effects of some ecotoxical model substances on the activity of frontal gill cilia of freshwater mussel <em>Anodonta cygnea</em> were studied in 1 and 24 hr experiments with the particle transport method. The effects were compared with the results of standard <em>Daphnia magna</em> <span>ec</span>₅₀ tests with the same substances.</p><p>2. Variations of pH between 4.8 and 8.1 affected the ciliary activity by less than 30%.</p><p>3. Ciliary activity was less sensitive to heavy metal salts, sodium lauryl sulphate and to two pulp industry waste model substances than <em>D. magna</em>.</p><p>4. Compared to <em>D. magna</em>, the ciliary activity was more sensitive to formalin and 2,4-dinitrophenol, and as sensitive to ethanol.</p><p>5. Ciliary activity in bivalve gills is a well regulated and/or a relative insensitive function, but it may be used as a rapid screening test for some cell ecotoxicals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72650,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C: Comparative pharmacology","volume":"105 3","pages":"Pages 393-395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0742-8413(93)90076-W","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54006335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of two proboscis muscles of Neptunea antiqua (mollusca) to some calcium antagonist drugs","authors":"F.I. Alohan","doi":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90087-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90087-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>1. Both the radular retractor (RR) and radular sac (RS) muscles of <em>Neptunea antiqua</em> depend upon [Ca]₀ to raise the internal calcium concentration of the contractile elements to activation level.</p><p>2. The K- and ACh-induced responses of the muscles were strongly inhibited in calcium-free seawater.</p><p>3. Calcium antagonist drugs were more inhibitory on ACh-induced responses than on K-responses suggesting a dichotomy of calcium channel activities modulated by these agonists.</p><p>4. The calcium ionophore A23187 enhanced ACh-induced responses of both muscles but was without effect on K-induced responses.</p><p>5. The responses of these <em>Neptunea</em> muscles to calcium antagonist drugs show some similarities but also differences to those of <em>Buccinum</em> muscles and are quite unlike the excitation induced by organic antagonists in similar muscles of the American whelk <em>Busycon canaliculatum</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72650,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C: Comparative pharmacology","volume":"105 3","pages":"Pages 463-469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0742-8413(93)90087-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54006452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative thermodynamics of opioid receptor ligand interaction in the bovine adrenal medulla membranes—Evidence of opioid site heterogeneity","authors":"N. Bourhim ,&nbsp;Ph. Cantau ,&nbsp;P. Giraud ,&nbsp;E. Castanas","doi":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90083-W","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90083-W","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>1. A marked dependence on temperature of agonist binding δ, μ and <em>κ</em>₁₋₃, opioid sites in the bovine adrenal medulla was observed, at the range of 0 to 37°C. These changes concern kinetic (<em>k</em>₁) and equilibrium constants (<em>K</em>_d), but not binding capacities (<em>B</em>_max).</p><p>2. These dependences are different for each ligand and each opioid receptor, suggesting their molecular heterogeneity.</p><p>3. The comparative thermodynamics indicates that the interaction of opioid agonists with their receptor is exergonic (<em>ΔG</em>° &lt; 0) and entropy driven (<em>ΔS</em>° &gt; 0).</p><p>4. The comparison of Van't Hoff and Arrhenius plots indicates a discrete mechanism in the binding of each opioid receptor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72650,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C: Comparative pharmacology","volume":"105 3","pages":"Pages 435-442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0742-8413(93)90083-W","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18901041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erythrocyte membrane structural features that are critical for the lytic reaction of Spirographis spallanzani coelomic fluid hemolysin","authors":"Calogero Canicatti ,&nbsp;Philippe Roch","doi":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90078-Y","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90078-Y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>1. Hemolytic activity of <em>Spirographis spallanzani</em> coelomic fluid depends on factor(s) strongly influenced by calcium but not by sulfhydril or disulfide reagents.</p><p>2. The lytic reaction was suppressed by low zinc ion concentrations but it was not influenced by the presence of proteinase inhibitors.</p><p>3. These data indicate that <em>S. spallanzani</em> hemolysin is a non-enzymatic, calcium-dependent, zincinhibitable factor that occurs naturally in the coelomic fluid.</p><p>4. In the absence of calcium, enzymatic desialization converted sheep erythrocytes into susceptible targets, suggesting the involvement of erythrocyte surface sialic acid.</p><p>5. However, the inhibitory effect of the sugar on anti-rabbit lysis was partially removed by addition of calcium.</p><p>6. Attempts to characterize membrane components that are critical for hemolysis were performed by inhibition experiments.</p><p>7. We found that saccharides, glycoproteins, mucosubstances as well as rabbit erythrocyte soluble tryptic fragments were ineffective in inhibiting hemolysis.</p><p>8. Sonicated dispersion of phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl ethanol, sphingomyelin and cholesterol did not influence the hemolytic reaction.</p><p>9. Rabbit erythrocyte extracted from membrane lipids (chloroform phase) did not modify the lytic activity against rabbit red blood cells.</p><p>10. Conversely, the methanol phase consistently reduced the lytic capacity of the fluid.</p><p>11. The heat-stable, trypsin-resistant inhibitory factor was most probably a small molecule, since dialysis removed the inhibitory effect.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72650,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C: Comparative pharmacology","volume":"105 3","pages":"Pages 401-407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0742-8413(93)90078-Y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18897675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurogenic inflammation in the chicken (Gallus gallus var domesticus)","authors":"M.J. Gentle,&nbsp;L.N. Hunter","doi":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90086-Z","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0742-8413(93)90086-Z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>1. Neurogenic inflammation has been studied in the anaesthetized adult hen using a variety of different stimuli.</p><p>2. Plasma extravasation was produced following antidromic stimulation of the external mandibular ramus of the trigeminal nerve which innervates the skin at the angle of the jaw and the anterior part of the wattle.</p><p>3. Stimulation of the wattle by external application of mustard oil, thermal and mechanical stimuli, as well as intradermal injection of substance P and bradykinin, all produced plasma extravasation.</p><p>4. These results demonstrate that, in contrast to previous findings in the pigeon, at least in the trigeminal of the chicken peripheral C-fibre nociceptors have similar physiological characteristics in relation to the neurogenic inflammatory mechanism to those seen in mammals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72650,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C: Comparative pharmacology","volume":"105 3","pages":"Pages 459-462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0742-8413(93)90086-Z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18696039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}