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Assessment of HIV-2 testing practices and reporting in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. 英格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰HIV-2检测实践和报告的评估。
Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-12-01
B Patel, L Payne, J Tosswill, B Evans
{"title":"Assessment of HIV-2 testing practices and reporting in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland.","authors":"B Patel, L Payne, J Tosswill, B Evans","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 4","pages":"387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25016768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Increasing hepatitis B vaccine coverage in prisons in England and Wales. 增加英格兰和威尔士监狱的乙肝疫苗覆盖率。
Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-12-01
R L Gilbert, A Costella, M Piper, O N Gill
{"title":"Increasing hepatitis B vaccine coverage in prisons in England and Wales.","authors":"R L Gilbert,&nbsp;A Costella,&nbsp;M Piper,&nbsp;O N Gill","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The most frequently reported risk factor for hepatitis B infection in England and Wales is injecting drug use (38%). Since approximately 61% of injecting drug users (IDUs) had been imprisoned and less than 40% had received hepatitis B vaccine, a prison based hepatitis B vaccination programme was set up in 2001. At the 42 establishments participating in this study, all prisoners were offered vaccine at reception. Prisoners over 18 years were vaccinated using the 0, 7 and 21 days schedule and those under 18 years, using the 0, 1 and 2 months schedule. As far as possible a fourth dose was given to all after 12 months. In 2003, 14,163 prisoners received at least one dose of vaccine and altogether 26,265 doses were administered. A further 1111 prisoners reported they had already been vaccinated against hepatitis B. The median vaccine coverage rate was 17% (range 0-94%). Despite low coverage levels, the vaccination programme in prisons can be said to have vaccinated a sizable number of young, male prisoners, a group that have previously been shown to be at high risk of infection. The prisons which achieved vaccine coverage levels over 50% had designated nursing staff who ran the vaccination clinics.</p>","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 4","pages":"306-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25184313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Importance of using an HIV Ag/Ab combined assay in a UK population at high risk of acquiring HIV infection. 在英国HIV感染高危人群中使用HIV Ag/Ab联合检测的重要性
Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-12-01
D McElborough
{"title":"Importance of using an HIV Ag/Ab combined assay in a UK population at high risk of acquiring HIV infection.","authors":"D McElborough","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The combined assays for HIV p24 antigen and antibody (4th generation) have had a mixed reception in testing laboratories. A series of five cases detectable only by 4th generation assays or RNA viral load and negative in a variety of 3rd generation assays has prompted us to change our 'routine' screen to a combined assay.</p>","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 4","pages":"312-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25184314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relationship between the use of hospital services and deprivation score of place of residence among HIV-positive individuals in the north west of England. 英格兰西北部艾滋病毒阳性个体使用医院服务与居住地剥夺得分之间的关系。
Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-12-01
P A Cook, S Hargreaves, K Tocque, M A Bellis
{"title":"Relationship between the use of hospital services and deprivation score of place of residence among HIV-positive individuals in the north west of England.","authors":"P A Cook,&nbsp;S Hargreaves,&nbsp;K Tocque,&nbsp;M A Bellis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We used routine surveillance data to investigate whether deprivation relates to hospital admission in a HIV-positive population. HIV-positive individuals living in the poorest areas were more likely to have spent one or more nights in hospital for HIV-related care (adjusted odds ratio = 1.6, p = 0.009, after controlling for infection route, disease stage and demographic variables). This implies that healthcare networks in poorer areas may incur disproportionately greater costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 4","pages":"319-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25184316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Audit of the detection and notification of meningococcal disease at a North London university district hospital. 北伦敦大学区医院脑膜炎球菌病的检测和通报审计。
Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-12-01
M Ruddy, Y Drabu, P Lee, B C Patel
{"title":"Audit of the detection and notification of meningococcal disease at a North London university district hospital.","authors":"M Ruddy,&nbsp;Y Drabu,&nbsp;P Lee,&nbsp;B C Patel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The microbiology department at a North London hospital audited notifications of suspected meningococcal disease in response to a reported high rate, which it suspected was due to over-reporting out of hours to public health specialists. All cases notified over a 14-month period were assessed with regards to time of reporting and subsequent microbiological confirmation. Of 36 notifications, 18 were confirmed as bacterial, mostly meningococcal meningitis. Of the four types of sample readily obtainable on admission (blood culture, ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid [EDTA] blood sample, throat swab and acute serum) all were obtained in only two cases. The reporting was considered appropriate, reflecting the relatively high incidence of meningococcal disease (MD) within the local population. Further cases might perhaps have been laboratory confirmed had all samples been sent on admission. A single form requesting all four samples in suspected meningococcal disease cases is recommended. Informing public health specialists out of hours could be rationalised.</p>","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 4","pages":"331-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25184319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Acceptability of universal hepatitis B vaccination among school pupils and parents. 学生和家长普遍接受乙型肝炎疫苗接种。
Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-12-01
A Hinds, J C Cameron
{"title":"Acceptability of universal hepatitis B vaccination among school pupils and parents.","authors":"A Hinds,&nbsp;J C Cameron","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends universal hepatitis B (hepB) vaccination for all countries, but this policy has not been adopted in the UK and its acceptability there is unknown. We investigated the attitudes of secondary one (S1) school pupils aged 12-13 years (n = 50) and parents (n = 39) using semi-structured focus group discussions. There was a lack of awareness of hepB among most participants prior to the study. Parents sought further information, including the risks of infection and vaccine side effects. No participants identified cultural or socioeconomic barriers to being vaccinated against hepB. The majority of pupils and nearly all parents were in favour of universal hepB vaccination. Offering hepB vaccination to all S1 pupils, in school, should therefore be highly acceptable, providing that sufficient information on the risk of hepB infection and vaccine safety is provided. A facility for answering questions and a forum for pupil education should also be offered.</p>","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 4","pages":"278-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25184910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Outbreak of a new Salmonella phage type in South West England: alternative epidemiological investigations are needed. 在英格兰西南部爆发一种新的沙门氏菌噬菌体类型:需要替代流行病学调查。
Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-12-01
D Boccia, C I Oliver, A Charlett, S Bennett, H Orr, J Sarangi, J Stuart
{"title":"Outbreak of a new Salmonella phage type in South West England: alternative epidemiological investigations are needed.","authors":"D Boccia,&nbsp;C I Oliver,&nbsp;A Charlett,&nbsp;S Bennett,&nbsp;H Orr,&nbsp;J Sarangi,&nbsp;J Stuart","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium DT193a occurred in South West England in April-May 2003. Preliminary investigation suggested an association with the consumption of ham. A matched case-control study was implemented, together with an environmental investigation and a geographic information system (GIS) analysis. Thirty-seven cases and 38 controls were enrolled in the study. Matched analysis was based only on 23 cases, as the other cases did not nominate controls. Eighty per cent of cases and 51% of controls had eaten ham (odds ratio = 3.5, p = 0.03). Cases did not differ from controls in terms of distance from outlets providing ham. All environmental samples collected were negative. The epidemiological evidence indicated an association between this outbreak and consumption of ham, but the environmental investigation was inconclusive. Alternative methods should be considered in support of traditional epidemiological investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 4","pages":"339-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25016765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enhanced surveillance of HIV infection in the West Midlands. 西米德兰兹加强了对艾滋病毒感染的监测。
Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-12-01
A T Bodley-Tickell, H Mossop, Y Rehman, D Natin, I Blair
{"title":"Enhanced surveillance of HIV infection in the West Midlands.","authors":"A T Bodley-Tickell,&nbsp;H Mossop,&nbsp;Y Rehman,&nbsp;D Natin,&nbsp;I Blair","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The West Midlands Regional HIV Surveillance Project was set up in 1991 in response to a need for enhanced surveillance of HIV at a local level for service planning. The system showed that accurate and timely data could be collected whilst ensuring patient confidentiality. We present some of the data obtained from the system. HIV diagnoses continue to increase year on year, with certain population subgroups, including men who have sex with men and black Africans, disproportionately affected.</p>","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 4","pages":"315-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25184315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What should we measure: infection or infection control? 我们应该衡量什么:感染还是感染控制?
Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-12-01
J Nash
{"title":"What should we measure: infection or infection control?","authors":"J Nash","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 4","pages":"239-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25016008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of peer review of infection control arrangements for healthcare-associated infection in four acute care trusts in the East of England. 在英格兰东部的四个急性护理信托机构的感染控制安排的同行审查的评价。
Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-12-01
L King, G Radford, R Gair
{"title":"Evaluation of peer review of infection control arrangements for healthcare-associated infection in four acute care trusts in the East of England.","authors":"L King,&nbsp;G Radford,&nbsp;R Gair","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to constructively use Department of Health surveillance data to address the issue of healthcare-associated infection, a peer review process investigating infection control arrangements for healthcare-associated infection in acute care trusts was initiated in the East of England. This study set out to evaluate that process and determine if it should be rolled out regionwide. A questionnaire survey of infection control doctors at trusts visited was conducted by telephone. Respondents commented that the peer review process raised the profile of infection control and healthcare-associated infection in participating trusts, and that a review of routine surveillance data was a useful way to initiate discussion about and focus attention on hospital infection control. Respondents felt the forum for discussion of infection control was most beneficial. A peer review process utilising routine surveillance data is of value in addressing issues related to infection control arrangements for healthcare-associated infection in acute care trusts.</p>","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 4","pages":"245-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25016010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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