Communicable disease and public health最新文献_第4页

Biotechnology and microbiology--have reached the end of the line? 生物技术和微生物学——已经走到尽头了吗?

Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-12-01

J P Clewley

引用次数: 0

Acceptance and completion of hepatitis B vaccination among drug users in New York City. 纽约市吸毒者接受和完成乙型肝炎疫苗接种的情况。

Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-12-01

D C Ompad, S Galea, Y Wu, C M Fuller, M Latka, B Koblin, D Vlahov

{"title":"Acceptance and completion of hepatitis B vaccination among drug users in New York City.","authors":"D C Ompad, S Galea, Y Wu, C M Fuller, M Latka, B Koblin, D Vlahov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis B (HBV) vaccination rates remain low among drug users. We examined correlates of vaccine acceptance and completion in two ongoing prospective studies of young injecting and non-injecting drug users in New York City. Street recruited drug users were enrolled at one of two neighbourhood locations (Harlem and the Bronx) between 2000 and 2004 and completed risk behaviour questionnaires and HBV testing. Free HBV vaccination was offered. Among 1117 participants, 26.1% (275) had a previous HBV infection, 57.9% (610) were susceptible to HBV, and 16.0% (169) had serological evidence of previous vaccination. Of the 610 participants susceptible to HBV, 466 (76.4%) returned for their results and were offered vaccination; 53.9% (251) received at least one dose of the vaccine (acceptors). Correlates of vaccine acceptance included older age, public assistance as main income source, and being recruited in the Bronx. Daily crack users were significantly less likely to initiate the vaccine series. Among 240 vaccine acceptors, 98 (40.8%) completed all three doses. Daily injectors, Hispanics, and those recruited in Harlem were less likely to complete the vaccination series. HBV vaccination acceptance among drug users seems likely in programmes that are convenient and offer remuneration; however, extended efforts are needed to improve series completion.","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 4","pages":"294-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25184311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Delivering a selective neonatal BCG vaccination programme in a multi-ethnic community: an audit of the neonatal BCG immunisation programme in Birmingham and Solihull. 在多种族社区提供新生儿选择性卡介苗接种规划:伯明翰和索利赫尔新生儿卡介苗免疫规划审计。

Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-09-01

O Etuwewe, A Wood, A Lyon

{"title":"Delivering a selective neonatal BCG vaccination programme in a multi-ethnic community: an audit of the neonatal BCG immunisation programme in Birmingham and Solihull.","authors":"O Etuwewe, A Wood, A Lyon","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Neonatal bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunisation is a primary preventive measure against tuberculosis. Local health professionals expressed concern about the variability of knowledge regarding eligible infants and uptake of the vaccine. A questionnaire was sent out to health visitors for use at the routine visit to babies. Details requested included ethnic group and country of origin of the infant, eligibility for BCG vaccination, and vaccination status. BCG vaccination was indicated for 41% of newborns. In total 74% of these eligible infants received the vaccine with a range of 36-83% between the five maternity units. There were inconsistencies within maternity units in identifying high-risk groups by ethnicity and country of origin, resulting in low coverage in certain eligible groups. Confusion exists about which infants are at risk of tuberculosis and should be vaccinated. Current national guidelines are not specific enough for cases of interracial parenting and for the increasingly diverse countries of origin of the population. In the absence of clearer national guidelines there is a need for pragmatic local guidance.","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 3","pages":"172-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40916532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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The challenge of CE marking. CE标志的挑战。

Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-09-01

G A Vincini

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Enhancement of data collection from Welsh 'shopping basket' ready-to-eat food surveillance programme. 加强威尔士“购物篮”即食食品监测方案的数据收集。

Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-09-01

R J Meldrum, R M M Smith

引用次数: 0

Antimicrobial resistance and phage types of human and non-human Salmonella enterica isolates in Ireland, 1998-2003. 1998-2003年爱尔兰人类和非人类肠道沙门氏菌分离株的抗菌素耐药性和噬菌体类型。

Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-09-01

C O'Hare, G Doran, N Delappe, D Morris, V Buckley, G Corbett-Feeney, P McKeown, W Anderson, M Cormican

{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance and phage types of human and non-human Salmonella enterica isolates in Ireland, 1998-2003.","authors":"C O'Hare, G Doran, N Delappe, D Morris, V Buckley, G Corbett-Feeney, P McKeown, W Anderson, M Cormican","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Between 1998 and 2003, 5,161 isolates (3,182 human) of Salmonella enterica were received by the National Salmonella Reference Laboratory of Ireland. Serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and phage typing were performed by standard methods. The number of isolates of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium decreased from 579 (80%) in 1998 to 208 (19%) in 2003, while S. enterica serovar Enteritidis increased from 59 (8%) in 1998 to 219 (20%) in 2003. Definitive (DT) phage types 104 and DT104b accounted for a declining proportion of all Salmonella Typhimurium isolates (from n = 523 [90%] in 1998 to 126 [60%] in 2003). Numbers of Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 4 declined from 50 (85%) in 1998 to 59 (27%) in 2003. Twenty-eight isolates of typhoidal Salmonella were received with a history of recent travel in 17 cases. Resistance to multiple (four or more) antimicrobial agents was related to serotype and, where applicable, phage type, and was common in Salmonella Typhimurium. Salmonella Typhimurium predominated among isolates from cattle and pigs (n = 213 [58%]), while Salmonella Livingstone (n = 327) and S. Kentucky (n = 227) were predominant in isolates from poultry (total n = 554 [43%]). This paper discusses trends, and their implications, in Irish salmonella isolates since the establishment of the Reference Laboratory.","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 3","pages":"193-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40917655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C seroprevalence and risk behaviour among community-recruited drug injectors in North West Wales. 在西北威尔士社区招募的药物注射者中乙型和丙型肝炎的血清阳性率和危险行为。

Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-09-01

N Craine, A M Walker, S Williamson, A Brown, V D Hope

{"title":"Hepatitis B and hepatitis C seroprevalence and risk behaviour among community-recruited drug injectors in North West Wales.","authors":"N Craine, A M Walker, S Williamson, A Brown, V D Hope","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"We estimated the prevalence of markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and injecting risk behaviour, among community-recruited injecting drug users (IDUs) in North West Wales in 2001 and 2002. Sample collection was undertaken by trained current and former IDUs. Oral fluid samples (n = 153) were tested as part of the Unlinked Anonymous Prevalence Monitoring Programme ongoing survey of IDUs. Approximately 12% of the sample reported that they were currently in a drug treatment programme. Of the 153 samples screened 27% (95% CI 20%-34%, 41/153) were anti-HBc positive, and 23% (95% CI 16%-30%, 35/153) were anti-HCV positive. Sixteen per cent (95% CI 10%-22%, 25/ 153) of the samples were positive for both anti-HBc and anti-HCV. Of the subjects 15% (95% CI 9%-20%) knew they had been vaccinated against hepatitis B. Direct sharing of needles and syringes in the 28 days prior to interview was reported by 44% (95% CI 35%-54%), and sharing of any equipment including that used for drug preparation prior to injection was reported by 66% (95% CI 57%-76%). In North West Wales, syringe sharing is a common practice, and a high proportion of IDUs have been exposed to bloodborne viruses. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage within this population appears to be low and needs to be increased. Further efforts are needed to improve the availability of clean injecting equipment.","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 3","pages":"216-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40917659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How should general practitioners investigate suspected urinary tract infection? Variations in laboratory-confirmed bacteriuria in South West England. 全科医生应该如何调查疑似尿路感染?英格兰西南部实验室确认的细菌变异。

Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-09-01

C A M McNulty, J Bowen, G Clark, A Charlett, K Cartwright

{"title":"How should general practitioners investigate suspected urinary tract infection? Variations in laboratory-confirmed bacteriuria in South West England.","authors":"C A M McNulty, J Bowen, G Clark, A Charlett, K Cartwright","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"We analysed by age and sex the inter-laboratory variation in submission rates and positivity rates of urine samples from primary care that were submitted to seven microbiology laboratories within the South West of England. There was an almost twofold difference between the lowest and highest submission and positivity rates across all sex and age groups. This could not be accounted for by differences in population, age mix or numbers of nursing home beds. Increased submission in children will increase diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI). In contrast, over-investigation in other age groups increases laboratory and primary care costs and, in the asymptomatic elderly, may lead to unnecessary antibiotic treatment. Continued education is needed in primary care to improve the management of urinary symptoms. Laboratory-based studies of UTI are likely to underestimate the true incidence of this infection substantially. Standardised protocols for urine specimen submission are essential for practices and laboratories participating in surveillance of UTI and antibiotic resistance. In our discussion we offer seven recommendations for improving UTI investigation in general practice.","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 3","pages":"220-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40917660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is 10iu/L anti-HBs protective after hepatitis B vaccination? 接种乙肝疫苗后，10iu/L抗hbs是否具有保护作用?

Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-09-01

S Hill, P Flanagan

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In the shadow of HIV-HTLV infection in England and Wales, 1987-2001. 1987-2001年英格兰和威尔士HIV-HTLV感染的阴影下。

Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-09-01

L J C Payne, J H C Tosswill, G P Taylor, M Zuckerman, I Simms

引用次数: 0