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Evaluation of Binax NOW RSV as an acute point-of-care screening test in a paediatric accident and emergency unit. Binax NOW RSV作为儿科急症室急性护理点筛查试验的评价
Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-12-01
P L Mackie, E M McCormick, C Williams
{"title":"Evaluation of Binax NOW RSV as an acute point-of-care screening test in a paediatric accident and emergency unit.","authors":"P L Mackie,&nbsp;E M McCormick,&nbsp;C Williams","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Point-of-care tests (POCTs) for respiratory syncytial virus infections are a useful adjunct to reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infections in paediatric wards. A new test based on immunochromatography, Binax NOW RSV, was introduced in the winter of 2002-03. It has user friendly features making it particularly suitable for non-laboratory personnel in a paediatric accident and emergency unit. A prospective study comparing the POCT with laboratory-based direct immunofluorescence (DIF) showed sensitivity of 87% specificity of 94%, positive predictive value of 89% and negative predictive value 92%. The simplicity of Binax NOW RSV should not detract from training staff and maintaining consistent vigilance on quality control.</p>","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 4","pages":"328-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25184318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Outbreak of influenza A (H3N2) in a highly-vaccinated religious community: a retrospective cohort study. 在高度接种疫苗的宗教社区爆发甲型流感(H3N2):一项回顾性队列研究。
Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-12-01
S Nicholls, K Carroll, J Crofts, E Ben-Eliezer, J Paul, M Zambon, C A Joseph, N Q Verlander, N L Goddard, J M Watson
{"title":"Outbreak of influenza A (H3N2) in a highly-vaccinated religious community: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"S Nicholls,&nbsp;K Carroll,&nbsp;J Crofts,&nbsp;E Ben-Eliezer,&nbsp;J Paul,&nbsp;M Zambon,&nbsp;C A Joseph,&nbsp;N Q Verlander,&nbsp;N L Goddard,&nbsp;J M Watson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An outbreak of influenza occurred at the end of the 2001-2 winter season in a highly-vaccinated, semi-enclosed, religious community. On the basis of retrospective self reporting, 43% met the case definition (151/350) and 81% (25/31) of throat swabs from cases were polymerase chain reaction (PCR) -positive for influenza A (H3N2). The risk of developing influenza in people aged 65 or more was lower than that of children aged 2 years and under (odds ratio 0.1, 95% confidence interval 0.02 to 0.38). The risk of developing symptoms of influenza was not significantly different between people who had been vaccinated in the United Kingdom and those who had not been vaccinated (OR 1.14, CI 0.41 to 3.14). Chronic disease was an independent risk factor for developing symptoms of influenza (OR 1.9, CI 1 to 3.63). Timing of the outbreak, the age structure and mode of communal living may have influenced the efficacy of the influenza vaccine, which was well matched to circulating strains at the time of the outbreak. It is important to consider the diagnosis of influenza even in a highly-vaccinated community.</p>","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 4","pages":"272-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25184909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Accountability for health protection in England: how this has been affected by the establishment of the Health Protection Agency. 英格兰健康保护的问责制:健康保护局的设立如何影响了这一点。
Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-12-01
H Pickles
{"title":"Accountability for health protection in England: how this has been affected by the establishment of the Health Protection Agency.","authors":"H Pickles","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 4","pages":"241-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25016009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preventing person-to-person spread following gastrointestinal infections: guidelines for public health physicians and environmental health officers. 预防胃肠道感染后的人际传播:公共卫生医生和环境卫生官员指南。
Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-12-01
{"title":"Preventing person-to-person spread following gastrointestinal infections: guidelines for public health physicians and environmental health officers.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This guidance updates advice on preventing person-to-person spread of gastrointestinal infections in the general population, first published in 1983 by the Public Health Laboratory Service and last updated in 1995. It represents a consensus of informed opinion and is particularly aimed at those public health physicians and environmental health officers who do not specialise in communicable disease control. It addresses predominantly the organisms that more commonly present them with problems. The guidance considers general measures, enteric precautions, exclusion from work, school and other settings and groups that pose an increased risk of spreading infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 4","pages":"362-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25020364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clostridium difficile: a questionnaire survey of laboratory practice in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. 艰难梭菌:对英格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰实验室实践的问卷调查。
Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-12-01
J Taylor, K Foster, A Berrington
{"title":"Clostridium difficile: a questionnaire survey of laboratory practice in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland.","authors":"J Taylor,&nbsp;K Foster,&nbsp;A Berrington","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since January 2004, the incidence of Clostridium difficile associated disease (CDAD) has been monitored by a systematic, national, laboratory surveillance system. This system incorporates the recommendations of a body of experts, the National Clostridium difficile Standards Group, which was convened in 2002 to advise the Department of Health (DoH). The recommendations of the group were informed by a questionnaire survey of current practice, and the results of that survey have been used to assess the implications of the recommendations on laboratory practice. Large variability was found as to the specimens selected, tested, and reported on for C. difficile. Standardisation of the diagnosis and reporting of CDAD is desirable and necessary to increase understanding of its epidemiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 4","pages":"322-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25184317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
General practitioners' concerns about childhood immunisation and suggestions for improving professional support and vaccine uptake. 全科医生对儿童免疫接种的关注及改善专业支持和疫苗接种的建议。
Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-12-01
R Henderson, K Oates, H Macdonald, W C S Smith
{"title":"General practitioners' concerns about childhood immunisation and suggestions for improving professional support and vaccine uptake.","authors":"R Henderson,&nbsp;K Oates,&nbsp;H Macdonald,&nbsp;W C S Smith","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years childhood vaccination has been vigorously debated. Professional and parental confidence in the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine in particular has been shaken, as reflected by its decreased uptake. A semi-structured postal questionnaire survey of general practitioners (GPs) working in the Highland region of Scotland was undertaken to assess their views on vaccination issues. A 73% response rate was achieved. Of respondents 28% expressed concerns about the possible side effects of MMR. Of GPs 98% thought it was 'likely' that the benefits of the DTP-Hib, polio and men C vaccines outweighed the possible risks. For the first and second doses of MMR 92% and 86%, respectively, believed this to be true. Approximately three quarters of GPs described themselves 'very confident' in discussing the DTP-Hib vaccine with parents, compared with 57% for MMR. Some respondents were misinformed regarding the adverse events associated with the MMR vaccine. There is professional concern about MMR. Initiatives to support GPs in promoting vaccination in order to improve immunisation rates are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 4","pages":"260-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25184907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MMR debate: how many children are actually receiving single vaccines? MMR辩论:有多少儿童实际上接种了单一疫苗?
Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-12-01
K Lamden, A Wragg, S Gornall
{"title":"MMR debate: how many children are actually receiving single vaccines?","authors":"K Lamden,&nbsp;A Wragg,&nbsp;S Gornall","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 4","pages":"388-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25016770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Issues in career progression in microbiology. 微生物学职业发展中的问题。
Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-12-01
L Purser, L Sheasby, L Ward
{"title":"Issues in career progression in microbiology.","authors":"L Purser,&nbsp;L Sheasby,&nbsp;L Ward","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We are three highly motivated university graduates who are looking to begin careers in microbiology. We each attained a degree in a biological science discipline, one in biochemistry, one in microbial and cellular biology and one in biomedical sciences (the last gained in South Africa). However, the career obstacles we have so far encountered require us to be Olympic hurdlers. This article highlights the issues, and the advantages and disadvantages of the options open to us. We look at each career option in turn and describe the difficulties encountered.</p>","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 4","pages":"392-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25016772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Susceptibility to infectious rash illness in pregnant women from diverse geographical regions. 不同地理区域孕妇对传染性皮疹疾病的易感性。
Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-12-01
S J Knowles, K Grundy, I Cahill, M T Cafferkey
{"title":"Susceptibility to infectious rash illness in pregnant women from diverse geographical regions.","authors":"S J Knowles,&nbsp;K Grundy,&nbsp;I Cahill,&nbsp;M T Cafferkey","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Varicella-zoster (VZV), rubella (RV) and parvovirus B19 (B19V) infections are important causes of rash illness in pregnancy, due to their potential adverse impact on both mother and fetus. We determined susceptibility to these infections in pregnant women attending our hospital in 2002. Age and nationality were recorded. Sera were tested for VZV, RV, and B19V antibody by enzyme immunoassay. Of 7,980 women screened for VZV IgG, 11.3% were seronegative and therefore susceptible to infection. Across different worldwide regions, 6.9% of Irish and other Western European women were susceptible to VZV, compared to 19.7% of other women tested (p < 0.001), most of whom were from Central and Eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Of 7,872 women screened for RV IgG, 2.3% were seronegative. Few Irish (0.6%) or other Western European women (0.7%) were rubella non-immune, but 5.5% of women from other regions tested were susceptible to rubella (p < 0.001). A random subset of 1,048 women were tested for B19V IgG. About 38% were susceptible, varying from 22% to 63% across the different regions studied. There are important differences in immunity to these infections and so of potential risk of an adverse outcome in indigenous and immigrant pregnant women in Ireland.</p>","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 4","pages":"344-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25016766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Selective neonatal BCG immunisation in a multiethnic community: poor uptake among white British infants. 多种族社区新生儿选择性卡介苗免疫接种:英国白人婴儿吸收不良。
Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-12-01
L Menon, R Srinivasan, M Alfaham
{"title":"Selective neonatal BCG immunisation in a multiethnic community: poor uptake among white British infants.","authors":"L Menon,&nbsp;R Srinivasan,&nbsp;M Alfaham","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 4","pages":"388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25016769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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