Clinical complementary medicine and pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Xu's Influenza Decoction Combined with Oseltamivir on Influenza A: A Propensity Score Matching Study","authors":"Tianxi Chen ,&nbsp;Shuyan Fu ,&nbsp;Fengyuan Tian ,&nbsp;Qiushuang Li ,&nbsp;Hongyu Ling ,&nbsp;Yijie Lou ,&nbsp;Jun Tang ,&nbsp;Hong Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ccmp.2023.100113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccmp.2023.100113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The resurgence of seasonal influenza virus circulation has been seen in 2021–2022 after the temporary suppression in 2020–2021. Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are widely applied in the clinical treatment of influenza A despite several limitations.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To access the efficacy of Xu's influenza decoction (XID) in combination therapy with oseltamivir for the treatment of influenza A.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this retrospective cohort study, the eligible participants were diagnosed with influenza A between June 1, 2018, and May 30, 2022, in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University. According to whether Xu's influenza decoction was applied, patients were divided into two groups: treated with or without XID. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to further adjust the covariates between groups. The primary outcome was to compare time to defervescence via K-M curves, Breslow tests, and Cox regression analysis. In Cox proportional hazards model, a univariate analysis was performed to obtain preliminary results, while a further multivariate analysis was conducted to study the independent factors that influence defervescence. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to body temperature and time from onset to admission. The secondary outcome consisted of routine blood and C-reactive protein (CRP), length of stay, and medical costs.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 336 patients with influenza A were enrolled in this study (i.e., 163 patients in the XID+oseltamivir group; 173 patients in the oseltamivir group). After 1:1 matching via PSM, 230 patients meeting the criteria were included in the analysis, with 115 in each arm. The XID+oseltamivir group had shorter time to defervescence (36 h <em>vs</em> 44 h, <em>P</em> = 0.011), shorter length of stay (3 days <em>vs</em> 4 days, <em>P</em> = 0.018), and higher defervescence possibility (HR=1.384, 95%CI: 1.054–1.818). Subgroup analysis indicated that for patients during non-window period (≥ 48 h) with medium-grade fever (38.1℃–39℃), the XID+oseltamivir combination therapy reduced time to defervescence (<em>P</em> = 0.04995/0.004) with a higher defervescence possibility (HR=1.524/1.683). Meanwhile, there's no statistical significance but observable trends of the XID+oseltamivir group in the lower medical costs (3068.07 yuan <em>vs</em> 3120.68 yuan), the lower neutrophils% (48.53% <em>vs</em> 51.00%) and the higher lymphocyte% (39.83% <em>vs</em> 37.72%).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The combination of XID and oseltamivir can shorten the time to defervescence and length of stay in influenza A. Its antipyretic effect is mainly reflected in the medium-grade and non-window periods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72608,"journal":{"name":"Clinical complementary medicine and pharmacology","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47324579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GSZ Formula Enhances Sleep Quality: Exploring Its Active Ingredients and Mechanism Using a Network Medicine Approach","authors":"Airong Ren ,&nbsp;Mingxuan Ma ,&nbsp;Yongyin Liang ,&nbsp;Yarong Wang ,&nbsp;Zhengkun Li ,&nbsp;Yahui Liu ,&nbsp;Qing Fan ,&nbsp;Guozhen Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.ccmp.2023.100107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccmp.2023.100107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sleep is essential for maintaining human health, and insomnia is a widespread problem. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for centuries to treat sleep disorders, with fewer reported side effects compared to conventional treatments.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study seeks to investigate the sleep-promoting effects of the GSZ formula, which comprises <em>γ</em>-aminobutyric acid (GABA), Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus (Wuweizi in Chinese), and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (Suanzaoren in Chinese). In addition, we aim to explore the active ingredients and potential mechanisms underlying the sleep-enhancing effects of the formula.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The impact of GSZ on sleep was evaluated using two models, the complete sleep model and the subthreshold sleep model. Mice were randomly divided into five groups and orally administered GSZ solution (0.33 g/kg/day or 0.99 g/kg/day), positive drug diazepam (2.50 mg/kg) or a control solution for 30 days. Hypnosis model was established in mice using pentobarbital sodium. Sleep duration and incidence were measured by recording when the righting reflex of mice disappeared for more than 1 min. GABA and dopamine (DA) levels in mouse brain tissue were measured using ELISA kits. The ingredients of the GSZ formula were identified using mass spectrometry, and the targets of these ingredients and disease-related genes were retrieved from public databases. A network medicine approach was used to calculate the shortest path between ingredient targets and disease-related proteins. The expression levels of potential proteins, such as Akt, p-Akt, GSK-3β, and p-GSK-3β, were analyzed using Western blotting based on the predicted results.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>GSZ significantly prolonged sleep duration and enhanced the sleep rate in mice (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, it elevated GABA levels and reduced DA levels in the mouse brain (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Network medicine analysis suggested that GABA, stearic acid, genistin, and coumestrol may be the most crucial active ingredients for sleep improvement. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that GSZ modulated the protein expression levels of p-Akt/Akt and p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our study demonstrated that the GSZ formula could improve sleep, with key ingredients likely being GABA, stearic acid, genistin, and coumestrol. The mechanism might involve the regulation of the Akt/GSK-3β pathway, as revealed by the network medicine analysis and experimental validation. Our current new findings shed light on the potential mechanisms underlying the sleep-enhancing effects of the GSZ formula, which could provide experimental evidence to develop innovative treatments for insomnia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72608,"journal":{"name":"Clinical complementary medicine and pharmacology","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41517972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LC-MS identification and preliminary pharmacological study of the aqueous and ethanol extracts from Combretum glutinosum Perr ex DC. (Combretaceae)","authors":"Placide Mahougnan Toklo ,&nbsp;Mathias Amour Ahomadegbe ,&nbsp;Durand Dah-Nouvlessounon ,&nbsp;Jean-Bosco Jouda ,&nbsp;Billy Toussie Tchegnitegni ,&nbsp;Steven Collins Njonte Wouamba ,&nbsp;Djidénou Ahoton ,&nbsp;Mahoudo Fidèle Assogba ,&nbsp;Joseph Tchamgoue ,&nbsp;Bruno Ndjakou Lenta ,&nbsp;Simeon Fogue Kouam ,&nbsp;Lamine Baba-Moussa ,&nbsp;Eléonore Chikani Yayi Ladekan ,&nbsp;Joachim Djimon Gbenou","doi":"10.1016/j.ccmp.2023.100106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccmp.2023.100106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><em>Combretum glutinosum</em> is a plant whose leaves are consumed as a vegetable and used in traditional medicine for the treatment of microbial infections.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The present study was designed to identify the compounds in <em>C. glutinosum</em> leaves extracts, and evaluate its antimicrobial activity, antioxidant ability and its toxicity in <em>Artemia salina</em> larvae <em>in vitro</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The aqueous and ethanol extracts obtained from the leaves of the plant as well as known compounds previously isolated and characterized from the leaves of <em>C. glutinosum</em> were tested on eleven different microbial strains. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power method and the larval toxicity on <em>Artemia salina</em> larvae was also detected. Phytochemical screening and HPLC-DAD-HRESI-MS analysis were performed on the extracts to characterize its chemical composition.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>When tested at a concentration of 20 mg‧mL⁻¹, the extracts of <em>C. glutinosum</em> leaves strongly inhibited the growth of the bacterial strains with an inhibition diameter ranging from 7.25 mm to 44 mm, superior to those of the positive controls (tetracycline at 30 µg‧mL⁻¹ and amikacin at 30 µg‧mL⁻¹), inhibition diameters from 15 mm to 33 mm. The evaluated larval toxicity demonstrated that it had no harmful effects on <em>Artemia salina</em> larvae. The extracts present a good antioxidant activity at a concentration of 0.17 and 1.33 mmol ascorbic acid (per gram of extract) for the aqueous and ethanol extracts, respectively. However, none of the compounds tested at 500 µg‧mL⁻¹ were able to show good activity on the 11 reference strains. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, polyphenols, steroids, triterpenoids, reducing compounds etc. in both extracts. The HPLC-DAD-HRESI-MS analyses revealed 18 compounds in the ethanol extract, from which 3 were identified, 15 compounds in the aqueous extract from which 5 could be identified.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The present work has shown that <em>C. glutinosum</em> extracts can be a good source of antimicrobial agents. They also possess the antioxidant property with absence of toxicity on <em>A. salina</em> larvae. A further bio-guided study could allow the identification and isolation of the active ingredients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72608,"journal":{"name":"Clinical complementary medicine and pharmacology","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45625544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antihyperuricemic and Nephroprotective Effects of the Total Flavonoids from Carya cathayensis Leaves (CCTF) in Potassium Oxonate/hypoxanthine-induced Hyperuricemic Mice","authors":"Jiahui Hao,&nbsp;Fangmei Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ccmp.2023.100104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccmp.2023.100104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood, defined as hyperuricemia (HUA), increases the chance of developing various disorders, such as gout, hypertension, and diabetes. There is a critical need to create safer and more potent therapeutic medications since the current clinical treatment for HUA has a number of negative effects.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To explore the antihyperuricemic benefits of the total flavonoids from <em>Carya cathayensis</em> leaves (CCTF) in HUA model mice and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The mouse HUA model was induced with potassium oxonate and hypoxanthine and then the mice were given normal saline, allopurinol, or various dosages of CCTF for one week. The weight of the mice was recorded, followed by measurements of their blood uric acid (UA), creatinine (Cr), urea nitrogen (BUN), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining and Manson staining were used to simultaneously detect pathological abnormalities in the liver and kidney tissues. Afterward, the mRNA expression of urate transporters in kidney was determined by qRT‒PCR experiments, including ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily G member 2 (<em>Abcg2</em>), urate transporter 1 (<em>Urat1</em>), and glucose transporter 9 (<em>Glut9</em>). Finally, immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed to confirm ABCG2 protein expression in the kidney.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In contrast to the model group, the CCTF group lowered blood levels of UA, Cr, BUN, ALT, and AST in serum, downregulated XOD levels in serum and liver, and significantly improved liver and renal damage, exhibiting outstanding antihyperuricemic effects. The levels of <em>Urat1</em> and <em>Glut9</em> were further shown to be much lower in the kidney, whereas both <em>Abcg2</em> expression and ABCG2 level were increased, according to the findings.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>CCTF ameliorated hyperuricemia-related kidney damage and had antihyperuricemic effects, suggesting that CCTF might have the potential to protect against HUA by regulating the expression of relative urate transporters and XOD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72608,"journal":{"name":"Clinical complementary medicine and pharmacology","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49515778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroacupuncture Alleviates HIF1-α-mediated Early Mitophagy in Spinal Cord Injury","authors":"Rong Hu ,&nbsp;Xingying Wu ,&nbsp;Kelin He ,&nbsp;Mengting Shi ,&nbsp;Haipeng Xu ,&nbsp;Yi Chen ,&nbsp;Bowen Chen ,&nbsp;Lei Wu ,&nbsp;Ruijie Ma ,&nbsp;Kang Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.ccmp.2023.100103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccmp.2023.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The inhibitory microenvironment around spinal cord injury (SCI) severely restricted functional repair after injury. Mitophagy was one of the important measures to maintain cellular homeostasis and ensure the harmonious nerve cell microenvironment. Hypoxia-inducible factor1α (HIF1-α) can mediate mitochondrial autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases, but the mechanisms are complex and diverse, which need to be further elucidated. Electroacupuncture plays a significant role in improving the neural microenvironment after spinal cord injury, promote long-term neurological function recovery in SCI patients, but whether electroacupuncture can participate in HIF1-α mediated mitophagy remains unknown.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Investigated the effects of HIF1-α on mitochondrial autophagy in rats with spinal cord contusion and the potential mechanism of electroacupuncture.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Following the successful construction of an SCI model of Sprague-Dawley rat utilizing a modified Allen method, electroacupuncture intervention was performed at T9 and T11 Jiaji acupoint (EX-B2), with further molecular biology and morphology examined by perfusion. To observe the effect of HIF1-α on local damage repair, the stereotypic injection of <em>Hif1a</em> knockdown virus was performed, and the changes of mitophagy in damaged local area was detected employing Western blotting, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy and Nissl staining.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>HIF1-α as well as its mitophagy receptor BNIP3 and NIX are upregulated after spinal cord injury. Electroacupuncture treatment or local inhibition of HIF1-α expression can reverse the early autophagy state after spinal cord injury, reduce cell apoptosis and injury area, promote neuronal survival.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Electroacupuncture may serve as a promising strategy for spinal cord injury treatment, by alleviating HIF1-α mediated early mitochondrial autophagy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72608,"journal":{"name":"Clinical complementary medicine and pharmacology","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44860318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notoginsenoside R1 Protects against Diabetic Nephropathy through TXNIP-NLRP3 Signaling Pathway","authors":"Chunting Zhang ,&nbsp;Renyikun Yuan ,&nbsp;Siyuan Li ,&nbsp;Guodong Huang ,&nbsp;Kaili Sun ,&nbsp;Jiaping Pan ,&nbsp;Qiuxia Liu ,&nbsp;Xiang Gao ,&nbsp;Zhijing Wang ,&nbsp;Tongyu Li ,&nbsp;Shilong Lu ,&nbsp;Jianzhen Lv ,&nbsp;Liting Huang ,&nbsp;Hongwei Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.ccmp.2023.100100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccmp.2023.100100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). DN results from many factors, including changes in glomerular hemodynamics, oxidative stress and inflammation, and interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. <em>Panax notoginseng</em>, a commonly used Chinese medicine, has been used in the treatment of kidney disease. Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1), the main compound isolated from <em>P. notoginseng</em>, has been reported to have a renoprotective role in DN. However, the therapeutic effect and mechanism of NGR1 in DN remain unclear.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of NGR1 in DN.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, mouse podocytes (MPC-5 cells) and <em>db/db</em> mice were used to investigate the effect of NGR1 on DN <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>, respectively. Blood glucose, renal function, inflammatory factors, and PI3K/AKT-Nrf2-NLRP3 signaling pathway proteins were assessed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The study results indicated that NGR1 reversed cell viability induced by high glucose (HG, 30 mM). The related mechanism results showed that NGR1 decreased oxidative stress by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and upregulating the expression of Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1 via TXNIP targeting. In addition, NLRP3 inflammasome and PI3K/AKT were engaged in NGR1-based protection against HG-stimulated podocytes. In <em>db/db</em> mice, NGR1 significantly decreased blood glucose, urine protein, urine output, blood urea nitrogen, and other parameters as well as reversed kidney injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and proinflammatory response.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Taken together, this study revealed that NGR1 exerted a significant therapeutic effect on DN both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> via a mechanism related to the TXNIP-Nrf2 pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome, suggesting that NGR1 is a potential therapeutic option for DN.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72608,"journal":{"name":"Clinical complementary medicine and pharmacology","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45657692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathological Mechanism of “Phlegm, Blood stasis, Toxin” in a Rabbit Model of Carotid Atherosclerosis Based on Gut Microbiota-host Metabolism Interactions","authors":"Feng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanyun Xu ,&nbsp;Liye Shen ,&nbsp;Junjie Huang ,&nbsp;Songtao Xu ,&nbsp;Minli Chen ,&nbsp;Yongming Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.ccmp.2022.100056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccmp.2022.100056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory, \"phlegm, blood stasis and toxin\" are the pathogenesis of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS). The rabbit carotid atherosclerosis (CAS), which is induced by high-cholesterol diet combined with carotid artery balloon injury, is a classic model for studying CAS. Many studies indicate that gut microbiota and host metabolic disorders are involved in the pathogenesis of rabbit CAS. However, the TCM pathological features and syndromes of this classic rabbit CAS model have not been reported.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To explore the pathogenesis of the rabbit CAS model and its TCM syndrome types from the perspective of \"phlegm, blood stasis, and toxin\".</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twelve male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into NC group and CAS group according to their body weight, followed by feeding of basic feed and a 1% high cholesterol diet, respectively. After two weeks, the rabbits in the CAS group underwent common carotid artery (CCA) balloon injury, while the rabbits in the NC group underwent only CCA separation without balloon injury. The two groups received differential feed postoperatively for six more weeks, after which, changes in lipids, hemorheology, inflammation, oxidative stress, and CAS phenotypes were analyzed. In addition, the colon contents and serum were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing and ¹H-NMR metabonomic analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The CAS rabbits were observed to form noticeable abnormalities in lipid metabolism and blood rheology, a sharp increase in oxidative stress levels, excessive release of inflammatory factors and apparent CAS plaque formation. Furthermore, 10 specific gut microbiota (such as <em>Akkermansia muciniphila, Barnesiellaceae</em> and <em>Faecalibacterium</em>) and 14 characteristic metabolites (such as trimethylamine oxide, acetic acid and <em>L</em>-carnitine) were identified in the CAS rabbits, which were significantly related to the CAS phenotypes. The pathway function analysis showed that the gut microbiota and its metabolites mainly affected cholesterol metabolism, energy metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The rabbit CAS model conforms to the “phlegm, blood stasis and toxin damage” theory. The gut microbiota and host metabolic disorders of the CAS rabbits interact and promote internal and external toxins, aggravating the progression of CAS. Our study provided experimental evidence for the application of this model in the TCM-based research of CAS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72608,"journal":{"name":"Clinical complementary medicine and pharmacology","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100056"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49638923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gypenoside, the Main Active Compound of Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Mitigates the Diabetic Nephropathy through Down-regulating mTOR","authors":"Chao Chen ,&nbsp;Danqing Fu ,&nbsp;Yuqian Wu ,&nbsp;Chen Huang ,&nbsp;Ping Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ccmp.2022.100060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccmp.2022.100060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Diabetic nephropathy (DN), as a complication of diabetes, is featured with hypertension, hyperglycemia, proteinuria and edema. Gypenoside (GP), the main active compound of <em>Gynostemma pentaphyllum</em>, is proved to be effective for DN. In our previous research, we found that GP could protect the glomerulus and reduce proteinuria by up-regulating the expression of nestin and down-regulating TGFB1. However, the panoramic mechanism of GP against DN is still unclear.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This research is designed to reveal the mechanism of GP on DN through network pharmacology and <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> experimental verification.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, active compounds and targets of <em>Gynostemma pentaphyllum</em> were collected from TCMSP. DisGeNET was used for obtaining the targets of DN. The protein-protein interaction network was acquired from the STRING database and analyzed by the MCODE plugin. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were constructed to explore further information. <em>In vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> experiments were also carried out to evaluate the reliability of this study. Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to detect mTOR, 4E-BP1, p70s6k protein expression and <em>Mtor</em> mRNA expression in DN rats, respectively. AKT1, TP53, ESR1 and PTEN protein expression in MPC-5 cells were detected by Western blotting.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Twenty-four compounds and 217 targets were selected from <em>Gynostemma pentaphyllum</em>, of which 36 targets overlapped with DN were taken for the potential targets. The results showed that Quercetin, Rhamnazin, Isofucosterol and 3′-methyleriodictyol corresponded to more targets, AKT1, TP53, MYC, ESR1, PTEN were more active. 36 potential targets were mainly involved in autoimmunity, inflammatory response, metabolism and autophagy. <em>In vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> experiments showed that GP might protect the podocytes of DN rats by decreasing the protein expression of mTOR, 4EBP1, p70s6k, as well as the mRNA expression of <em>Mtor</em>, and it had the function in regulating the potential targets through decreasing the protein expression of AKT1, TP53 and ESR1 and increasing the expression of PTEN.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This research demonstrates that various compounds of <em>Gynostemma pentaphyllum</em> may intervenes in DN through targets of multiple signaling pathways, which involves a large number of biological processes. It can provide novel insights for further research of the mechanism of GP in the treatment of DN.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72608,"journal":{"name":"Clinical complementary medicine and pharmacology","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100060"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42059703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Anti-parasitic Effect of Extract of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn Is Related to Its Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic and Anthelmintic Activities on Haemonchus contortus","authors":"Bogning Zangueu Calvin ,&nbsp;Alowanou Goue Géorcelin ,&nbsp;Belle Ebanda Kedi Phillipe ,&nbsp;Olounlade Abiodoun Pascal ,&nbsp;Magne Fongang Annie Laure ,&nbsp;Kojom Wanche Jacquy Joyce ,&nbsp;Nguemfo Edwige Laure ,&nbsp;Azebaze Anatole Guy Blaise ,&nbsp;Dongmo Alain Bertrand ,&nbsp;Hounzangbe-Adote Mawulé Sylvie","doi":"10.1016/j.ccmp.2023.100088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccmp.2023.100088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><em>Ceiba pentandra</em> is a medicinal plant used as alternative therapy to control parasitic nematodes in livestock.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aims to investigate anti-parasitic effect of aqueous stem back extract of <em>Ceiba pentandra</em> (L.) Gaertn through the evaluation of its anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><em>In vitro</em>, the efficacy of aqueous extract (75 to 2400 µg·mL⁻¹) diluted in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was tested against three stages of the life cycle of Haemonchus contortus through larval migration inhibition assay (LMIA), egg hatch assay (EHA), and adult worms motility inhibition assay (AMIA). <em>In vivo</em>, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of the aqueous extract (150 and 300 mg·kg⁻¹) was evaluated on rodent using phlogistic and algic chemicals.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Significant inhibition activity (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05) was obtained on EHA with the greatest inhibition of 46.63% obtained at 2400 µg·mL⁻¹. The plant treatment dramatically (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05) inhibited L3 larval migration as compared to PBS. The highest inhibition rate was 53.33 % at 1200 µg·mL⁻¹. Adding of polyvinylpolyrrolidone (PVPP) to the extract significantly (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.01) reduced at 38.6% the activity of the plant extract on larval migration compared to extract without PVPP. The <em>Ceiba pentandra</em> extract reduced (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05) worm motility after 24 h post exposure as compared to control. <em>In vitro</em>, aqueous extract significantly (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05) inhibited the paw inflammation induced by carragenine, with a significant (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05) reduction of the number of abdominal contortions induced by acetic acid to 41.11% at 300 mg·kg⁻¹ and the paw licking time induced by formaline in both phases to 57.22% and 63.59% at 300 mg·kg⁻¹ likened to control.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p><em>In vitro</em> results suggest that, this plant possess anti-parasitic properties. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of <em>C. pentandra</em> can contribute to its anti- parasitic property.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72608,"journal":{"name":"Clinical complementary medicine and pharmacology","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49724341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Antidiabetic Activity and Toxicological Properties of Hippocratea Velutina (Afzel.)","authors":"Farouk A. Oladoja ,&nbsp;Emmanuel S. Irokosu ,&nbsp;Marcus D. Ayoola ,&nbsp;Oyinloye O. Elijah ,&nbsp;Murtala A. Akanji ,&nbsp;Ogunleye T. Beatrice ,&nbsp;Odewo A. Samuel","doi":"10.1016/j.ccmp.2023.100080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccmp.2023.100080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><em>Hippocratea velutina</em> (HV) is a novel plant folklorically used for lowering blood glucose, hence a potential source of new antidiabetic medication.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The study evaluated the anti-diabetic potentials of the methanol extract of <em>Hippocratea velutina</em> leaf and its toxicity profile in mice and rats.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Acute and subacute toxicity tests of the plant extract were carried out by using a modified OECD guideline. Its antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats at 50, 150, and 300 mg/kg for 28 days was assayed, while glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) and distilled water were the positive and negative controls, respectively. Histopathological examination of vital organs was also carried out.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaf extract showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, deoxy-sugars, and anthraquinones in HV. The extract had LD₅₀ greater than 2000 mg/kg in mice. It had no toxic effects on the haematological and biochemical components from blood samples collected but caused significant blood glucose level reduction in normal rats at 150 and 300 mg/kg. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, the extract elicited a non–dose-dependent antidiabetic effect on day seven at all the tested doses, significantly higher than glibenclamide (10 mg/kg). However, on days 14, 21, and 28, the extract activity at all the tested doses and glibenclamide were comparable. The extract did not affect the liver, brain, kidney, and pancreas histology at 200 mg/kg but caused slight and severe effects on these organs at 400 and 800 mg/kg, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study concluded that <em>Hippocratea velutina</em> possessed antihyperglycaemic activity and was non-toxic at low doses but could have deleterious effects to the liver and kidney at high concentrations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72608,"journal":{"name":"Clinical complementary medicine and pharmacology","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48835842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}