Advances in Crop Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Planting Methods and Nitrogen Sources on Yield, Yield Components and N-Uptake of Spring Maize","authors":"M. Kashif, M. Javed, Shafiullah, Arshad Ali, G. R. Khan, A. Rahman, J. Alam, S. Siraj","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000373","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of different planting methods and nitrogen sources on yield and yield components of spring maize at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar during spring 2016 and 2017. Research work was carried out in randomized complete block design having total number of four replication. Different planting methods (ridge, raised bed and flat) were assigned to main plot while different nitrogen sources (poultry manure, FYM, urea and press-mud) were allotted to sub plots. Organic manures were applied manually into soil one week before maize sowing. Analysis of data showed that all parameters of spring maize were significantly affected by different planting methods except N-uptake. Maximum grain yield (3695 kg ha-1), biological yield (9485 kg ha-1) and grains ear-1 (393) were recorded in ridge planting method. Similarly, all yield parameters were also significantly affected by different nitrogen sources. Maximum grain yield (4350 kg ha-1), biological yield (10103 kg ha-1), grains ear-1 (449) and total N-uptake were recorded in poultry manure applied plots. Thus, it is concluded that ridge planting method and poultry manure resulted maximum grain yield and biological yield of spring maize as compared to other treatments.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89073877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Thiamethoxam on Injurious Herbicides in Rice","authors":"S. M. Martin, J. Norsworthy, R. Scott, J. Hardke, G. Lorenz, E. Gbur","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000351","url":null,"abstract":"Increases in the number of herbicide-resistant weeds in rice has led to the need for new herbicides and modes of action to control these troublesome weeds. Previous research has indicated that insecticide seed treatments can safen rice from herbicide drift. In 2014 and 2015, two field experiments were conducted at the Rice Research and Extension Center (RREC) near Stuttgart, Arkansas, and at the University of Arkansas Pine Bluff (UAPB) farm near Lonoke, Arkansas, to determine if insecticide seed treatments could prevent unacceptable levels of herbicide injury from preemergence (PRE)- and postemergence (POST)-applied herbicides that are typically injurious to rice. Both studies were planted with the imidazolinone-resistant, inbred variety CL151. ‘Treated’ plots contained the insecticide seed treatment thiamethoxam while ‘nontreated’ plots contained no insecticide seed treatment. Seven herbicides were evaluated in the PRE experiment: clomazone, pethoxamid, fluridone, S-metolachlor, thiobencarb, clethodim, and quizalofop to determine crop injury, stand counts, groundcover, and rough rice yield with and without an insecticide seed treatment compared to plots with no herbicide treatments. Overall, an insecticide seed treatment provided increased rice stands and less herbicide injury than the ‘nontreated’ seed while increasing yield by 500 kg ha-1. Of the herbicides tested, clomazone-, thiobencarb-, clethodim-, and quizalofop-treated plots had equivalent yields to the no-herbicide plots. The POST experiment evaluated propanil, saflufenacil, carfentrazone, and acifluorfen in various tank-mixtures and application timings. Similar to the PRE experiment, plants from treated seed had less herbicide injury 1 and 5 weeks after treatment (WAT) along with an increased canopy height and groundcover percentage. Plants having treated seed also had increased yields when used with some herbicide programs. Overall, the use of an insecticide seed treatment can give the added benefit of less injury from injurious herbicides as well as increased groundcover.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89184658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Varietal Differences in Flowering, Pod Setting and Photosynthesis in Soybean Under High Temperature Conditions","authors":"A. Isoda, K. Komaki","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000392","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90362707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Typology Use and Process of Cola Nut (Cola nitida) Produced in Cote d'Ivoire","authors":"Nguessan Jean Marc, Nimaga Daouda, Kouassi Kouakou Nestor, N. Charlemagne, Tetchi Abrice Achille, K. J. Halbin, A. Georges","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000379","url":null,"abstract":"In Côte d'Ivoire, the cola leash maintains financial difficulties due to the increase of post-harvest losses during handling and storage. This investigation based on focus groups was conducted in Ivorian cola nut marketing area (Anyama) to appreciate its use and process. Data showed that cola nuts are characterized par 4 types of colors (white, pink, red and mixed). The major uses of cola nut are for consumption (17.35%), sacrifice (14.23%), dyeing (14%), marriage (13.7%) and baptism (12%). Cola nuts coming from west (Man, Danané, Duekoué, Touleupleu, and Méagui), south (Sikensi and Agboville) and center (Yamoussoukro) zones and with mixed cola nuts are characterized by their resistance and their long shelf life (up to 1 year) than those of San Pedro and Abengourou (6 months). The gathering wood method remains the most commonly used (42%). Machete is the tool preferentially used with 87% to 48% in pod opening and skinning. It should be noted that 86% of actors use chemicals products that are not approved on nuts before packaging. The average losses increased in about 45% at skinning and 20% at storage. 92% of the actors are characterized by a lack of good agricultural practices and hygiene in all the process of cola nut.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":"83 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83225849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Early-Season Applications of Acetochlor and Pethoxamid in Rice","authors":"J. Norsworthy, Michael Fogleman, T. Barber, E. Gbur","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000393","url":null,"abstract":"Limited options for controlling herbicide-resistant weedy rice and barnyard grass in Arkansas rice has led to the exploration of alternative herbicide sites of action (SOA). Very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA)-inhibiting herbicides have been used successfully in US row crops and Asian rice production for control of annual grasses and smallseeded broadleaves but are not labeled for use in US rice. Preliminary experiments have indicated adequate rice tolerance to acetochlor and pethoxamid; however, limited weed control information in rice systems is available. Field experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 to evaluate weed control with early-season applications of acetochlor and pethoxamid on weedy rice and annual grasses in rice. In separate experiments, microencapsulated acetochlor at 1050 and 1470 g ai ha-1 or pethoxamid at 420 and 840 g ai ha-1 was applied alone delayed preemergence (DPRE), at spiking, 1-2 leaf, and 1-2 leaf rice. In both years, injury less than 10 and 20% was observed for all acetochlor and pethoxamid treatments, respectively, 2 weeks after treatment (WAT). Both herbicides controlled barnyard grass >92% and suppressed weedy rice 33 to 63% 2 WAT. Regardless of application timing or rate, acetochlor and pethoxamid reduced weedy rice density relative to the non-treated 4 WAT. Control of weedy rice, barnyard grass, broadleaf signal-grass, and large crabgrass was maximized when either herbicide was applied DPRE or to spiking rice and generally decreased as application timing was delayed. Furthermore, control of weed species early in the season influenced rough rice yield, as the highest yields were harvested when acetochlor or pethoxamid was applied DPRE or at spiking. Residual control of annual grasses and suppression of weedy rice from early-season applications of acetochlor and pethoxamid indicate they could be valuable in a season-long rice herbicide program while providing an alternative SOA to combat herbicide-resistant weeds.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85142936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weed Management Practices by Lowland Rice Farmers in the South West of Nigeria","authors":"Oyebanji O. Alagbo, O. Akinyemiju","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000372","url":null,"abstract":"Report has shown that effective weed management strategy will result in better productivity which will in turn improve food security in Nigeria. However, little is known about weed management strategies practices by rice farmers and their performance in southwest agro-ecological zone. The aims of this study were to determine the weed management practices among lowland rice farmers and to assess the factors limiting productivity of lowland rice farmers in Southwestern Nigeria. Survey on weed management practice among lowland farmers in Southwestern Nigeria was carried out. A multistage sampling technique was adopted for this study. Ondo and Ekiti states were purposely selected with four local governments in each state. Questionnaires were administered to 200 rice farmers in rice producing villages visited. All data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result of this study shows that 99% of farmers adopted chemical weed control than other methods. Pre-plant herbicides namely; glyphosate and paraquat were more available to lowland rice farmers in SW than post-emergence herbicides however, most products are applied with little or no reference to recommended rate. Also, most farmers cannot afford the cost of herbicide products, only few farmers (6%) have limited financial support consequent to poor literacy level among rice farmers in Southwest. It is recommended that weed scientists and weed control extension officers are needed to train farmers on effective weed management strategies. Adequate funding support for lowland rice farmers will enhance effective weed management in southwestern agro-ecological zone.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76638557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Cropping Sequence on Agricultural Crops: Implications for Productivity and Utilization of Natural Resources","authors":"F. Negash, Tewodros Mulualem, K. Fikirie","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000326","url":null,"abstract":"Offensive land uses system with continuous growing of similar crops on the same land largely affect soil physical condition, crop development and had big concerns on long term adverse effects of environmental pollution. The choice of sequence highly based on agricultural system, finance and environmental condition. Conventional monoculture agricultural systems can reduce the soil organic matter contents and structures. The accumulation of crop residues with frequent inclusion of pulse crops in a rotation is vital to improve the biochemical and physical properties of the soil via increasing the labile of organic matter. Surface residue of crops is one of the most effective erosion control measures and increase soil moisture content. Different crops have dissimilar growth and development periods thus, one crop may provide protection from erosive forces during a period of the year and the other may not. Besides, crop rotation combines with different management practices are essential to improve the physical, chemical, biological properties of the soil and thereby control erosion and to maximize crop yield by maintain soil moisture and control disease and pests infestation.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75694846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Conventional, Immune-Botanical and Egg Yolk Mixture on the Management of Diseases and Insect Pests of Tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. in Uganda","authors":"Ramathani Io","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000388","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetables are important for nutrition and health, however, production in sub-Saharan Africa is low, partly due to disease and pest damage. Three integrated pest management (IPM) packages: Conventional, Immune-Botanical and Egg yolk mixture were evaluated for control of tomato diseases and insect pests. During 2017A and 2017B seasons, there were no significant differences in severity of Bacterial wilt (Xanthomonas campestris pv solanacearum), bacterial spot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. Vesicatoria), early blight (Alternaria solani), late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease (TYLCV) as influenced by the interactive effect of differences in variety and IPM package. Plots treated with conventional package had lower severity scores for TYLCV. Variety MT 56 and Pink-top were the best performers. There were significant differences in insect pest damage due to cutworms and Thrips in 2017A, and Aphids and Thrips in 2017B due to differences in variety and IPM package. Egg yolk significantly reduced thrips damage among different tomato varieties while conventional method significantly reduced aphid damage. Conventional package induced the highest fruit yield for MT 56 in 2017A and Pink-top in season 2017B. Both conventional and Egg yolk methods were cost effective and are therefore recommended for control of tomato insect pests and diseases.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89868689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Various Sugarcane Genotypes for Association of Quality Characters with Cane Yield","authors":"Amjad Ali, S. Khan, M. Tahir, A. Farid, A. Khan, S. Khan, N. Ali","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000371","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was carried out to study the association of quality traits with cane yield to establish an appropriate selection strategy based on quality characters. Sixteen sugarcane genotypes comprising two check cultivars were assessed during 2012-15 using RCB design with three replications. Data were collected on brix (%), polarized sugar (%), purity (%), sugar recovery (%) and cane yield (t ha-1). Analysis of variance exhibited highly significant differences between crops for all parameters except brix (%). Among the genotypes highly significant differences were observed for brix (%), polarized sugar (%) and cane yield (t ha-1). Crops × genotypes revealed highly significant differences for cane yield (t ha-1). Genotypes MS-92-CP-99 (72.92 t ha-1), MS-2000-Ho-360 (72.13 t ha-1), MS-2003-HS-274 (72.04 t ha-1) and MS-91-CP-523(71.58 t ha-1) showed superiority regarding cane yield. Positive phenotypic and genotypic correlations were observed for all the traits with cane yield (t/ha) except purity %. Brix % and polarized sugar % showed highly significant and positive correlation with sugar recovery % at genotypic (0.66**, 0.74**) and phenotypic (0.67**, 0.79**) levels. Brix % showed highly significant correlation with polarized sugar (%) at genotypic (1.00**) and phenotypic (0.95**) level. Path analysis showed that highest positive direct effect on cane yield (t ha-1) is exerted by sugar recovery % at genotypic (0.42) and phenotypic (1.94) level showing its importance in clonal selection program for evolving improved sugarcane genotypes. It is suggested that the quality parameters should be taken in to consideration in clonal selection program for evolving improved sugarcane genotypes. Moreover, the genotypes with high cane yield and sugar recovery should be evaluated further.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88134725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technology Assisted Knowledge Agriculture for Sustainable Development Goals","authors":"Aprajita Srivastava","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000391","url":null,"abstract":"The most challenging part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs) of ending poverty in “all its form from the planet” is to provide food to 1.45 billion poor people including 689 million, children living in 103 countries. Our finding shows that most of farming communities don't possess knowledge and skill to use new methods of food and livestock production. The farmers in many countries are uneducated and depend upon traditional myths and methods for predicting the season and cultivation. They are deprived of the benefits of the modern researches and largely ignorant of their roles in preventing climate change and sustaining the planet's natural resources. Failure of states, its national economic and banking institutions, high level of corruption, poor implementation of policies, absence of proper marketing facilities, profit making behavior of middle men, lack of finances with the farmers are other key factors. They need to be skilled in areas such as precision farming, proper and optimal use of seeds and fertilizers, availing the benefits of the government policies and banking institutions, understanding the methods for selling their products profitably in the market, apart from the new tools and technology to enhance their production. In our studies, we found that it is possible only by use of ICT technology. Further, our study found that their interest in sustaining planet's natural resources, stopping the use of chemical fertilizers, growing organic food and maintaining climate requires sustained efforts in attitudinal changes. Execution of technology assisted skill development projects in part of India and Ethiopia and their sustained monitoring for many years by us showed that the farmers get motivated and use the new technology when they find the benefits in terms of improved yield and financial gains. They especially get encouraged to use technology to find solutions when they face draught, flood, pest/worm attack and for availing benefit of government schemes. The paper further propounds that the use of emerging technologies for smart farming needs a new radical approach to R&D and farmer's education.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79160396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}