Cell insightPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100224
Chao Chen , Xinjian Li
{"title":"The cell autonomous and non-autonomous roles of itaconate in immune response","authors":"Chao Chen , Xinjian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Itaconate which is discovered as a mammalian metabolite possessing antimicrobial and immunoregulatory activity has attracted much attention in the field of immunometabolism. Itaconate is synthesized by myeloid cells under conditions of pathogen infection and sterile inflammation. In addition to regulating immune response of myeloid cells, itaconate secreted from myeloid cells can also be taken up by non-myeloid cells to exert immunoregulatory effects in a cell non-autonomous manner. In this review, we recap the discovery of itaconate as a distinct immunologic regulator and effector, describe the development of itaconate biosensor, and detail the recent findings that decipher the mechanism underlying intercellular transport of itaconate. Based on these knowledges, we propose itaconate is a messenger transmitting immunologic signals from myeloid cells to other types of cells during host inflammation and immune defense.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72541,"journal":{"name":"Cell insight","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cell insightPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100223
Yuxin Du , Yin Shen
{"title":"Progress in photoreceptor replacement therapy for retinal degenerative diseases","authors":"Yuxin Du , Yin Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Retinal degenerative diseases encompass a diverse range of eye conditions that result in blindness, many due to photoreceptor dysfunction and loss. Regrettably, current clinical treatments are frequently not overly effective. However, photoreceptor transplantation shows promise as a potential therapy for late-stage retinal degenerative diseases. This article will review the various donor cell sources for this transplantation, as well as the mechanisms and factors that impact donor cell integration and material transfer, donor cell maturation, and other auxiliary methods that can be combined with photoreceptor transplantation to treat these degenerative retinal diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72541,"journal":{"name":"Cell insight","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cell insightPub Date : 2025-01-18DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2025.100229
Xinming Su , Qingyuan Lin , Bin Liu , Chuntao Zhou , Liuyi Lu , Zihao Lin , Jiahua Si , Yuemin Ding , Shiwei Duan
{"title":"The promising role of nanopore sequencing in cancer diagnostics and treatment","authors":"Xinming Su , Qingyuan Lin , Bin Liu , Chuntao Zhou , Liuyi Lu , Zihao Lin , Jiahua Si , Yuemin Ding , Shiwei Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.cellin.2025.100229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cellin.2025.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer arises from genetic alterations that impact both the genome and transcriptome. The utilization of nanopore sequencing offers a powerful means of detecting these alterations due to its unique capacity for long single-molecule sequencing. In the context of DNA analysis, nanopore sequencing excels in identifying structural variations (SVs), copy number variations (CNVs), gene fusions within SVs, and mutations in specific genes, including those involving DNA modifications and DNA adducts. In the field of RNA research, nanopore sequencing proves invaluable in discerning differentially expressed transcripts, uncovering novel elements linked to transcriptional regulation, and identifying alternative splicing events and RNA modifications at the single-molecule level. Furthermore, nanopore sequencing extends its reach to detecting microorganisms, encompassing bacteria and viruses, that are intricately associated with tumorigenesis and the development of cancer. Consequently, the application prospects of nanopore sequencing in tumor diagnosis and personalized treatment are expansive, encompassing tasks such as tumor identification and classification, the tailoring of treatment strategies, and the screening of prospective patients. In essence, this technology stands poised to unearth novel mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis while providing dependable support for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72541,"journal":{"name":"Cell insight","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143265220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cell insightPub Date : 2025-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100225
{"title":"Corrigendum to previous published articles","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100225","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72541,"journal":{"name":"Cell insight","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cell insightPub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2025.100227
Youli Chen, Jing-Yuan Fang
{"title":"The role of colonic microbiota amino acid metabolism in gut health regulation","authors":"Youli Chen, Jing-Yuan Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.cellin.2025.100227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cellin.2025.100227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The human gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining host homeostasis through metabolic activities. Among these, amino acid (AA) metabolism by the microbiota in the large intestine is highly heterogeneous and relevant to host health. Despite increasing interest, microbial AA metabolism remains relatively unexplored. This review highlights recent advances in colonic microbial AA metabolism, including auxotrophies, AA synthesis, and dissimilatory AA metabolites, and their implications in gut health, focusing on major gastrointestinal diseases including colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and irritable bowel syndrome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72541,"journal":{"name":"Cell insight","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143138741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cell insightPub Date : 2024-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100226
Rui-Jin Ji , Mu-Yao Wang , Ying Zhang
{"title":"Precision epitope editing: A path to advanced immunotherapies","authors":"Rui-Jin Ji , Mu-Yao Wang , Ying Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability to recognize antigen epitope is crucial for generating an effective immune response. By engineering these epitopes, researchers can reduce on-target/off-tumor toxicity associated with targeted immunotherapy. Recent studies indicate that employing various gene editing tools to modify the epitopes of healthy hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) can protect these cells from toxicity during tumor eradication, all while preserving their differentiation and function. This advancement greatly enhances the safety and efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72541,"journal":{"name":"Cell insight","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143138740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cell insightPub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100213
Xin Li , Chengzhi Liu , Zhichao Lei , Huan Chen , Liang Wang
{"title":"Phase-separated chromatin compartments: Orchestrating gene expression through condensation","authors":"Xin Li , Chengzhi Liu , Zhichao Lei , Huan Chen , Liang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eukaryotic genomes are organized into distinct chromatin compartments, some of which exhibit properties of biomolecular condensates. These condensates primarily form due to chromatin-associated proteins/complexes (CAPs). CAPs play a crucial role in gene expression, functioning as either transcriptional repressors or activators. Phase separation, a well-established biophysical phenomenon, is a key driver of chromatin condensate formation by CAPs. Notably, multivalent CAPs with the ability to engage in diverse interactions promote chromatin compaction, leading to the formation of transcriptionally repressed compartments. Conversely, interactions between intrinsically disordered region (IDR)-containing transcriptional regulators, mediated by their multivalent IDRs, lead to the formation of protein-rich, transcriptionally active droplets on decondensed genomic regions. Interestingly, both repressive heterochromatin and activating euchromatin condensates exhibit spontaneous phase separation and selectively enrich components with concordant transcriptional functions. This review delves into the mechanisms by which transcriptionally repressive CAPs orchestrate the formation of repressed chromatin domains. We further explore how a diverse array of transcription-related CAPs or core histone variants, via phase separation, influence gene expression by inducing erroneous transcription events, regulating expression levels, and facilitating the interconversion of transcriptionally repressed and active regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72541,"journal":{"name":"Cell insight","volume":"3 6","pages":"Article 100213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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