Cell insight最新文献

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Cell insight Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/S2772-8927(24)00070-1

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Phase-separated chromatin compartments: Orchestrating gene expression through condensation 相分离的染色质区室：通过凝集协调基因表达

Cell insight Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100213

Xin Li , Chengzhi Liu , Zhichao Lei , Huan Chen , Liang Wang

{"title":"Phase-separated chromatin compartments: Orchestrating gene expression through condensation","authors":"Xin Li , Chengzhi Liu , Zhichao Lei , Huan Chen , Liang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eukaryotic genomes are organized into distinct chromatin compartments, some of which exhibit properties of biomolecular condensates. These condensates primarily form due to chromatin-associated proteins/complexes (CAPs). CAPs play a crucial role in gene expression, functioning as either transcriptional repressors or activators. Phase separation, a well-established biophysical phenomenon, is a key driver of chromatin condensate formation by CAPs. Notably, multivalent CAPs with the ability to engage in diverse interactions promote chromatin compaction, leading to the formation of transcriptionally repressed compartments. Conversely, interactions between intrinsically disordered region (IDR)-containing transcriptional regulators, mediated by their multivalent IDRs, lead to the formation of protein-rich, transcriptionally active droplets on decondensed genomic regions. Interestingly, both repressive heterochromatin and activating euchromatin condensates exhibit spontaneous phase separation and selectively enrich components with concordant transcriptional functions. This review delves into the mechanisms by which transcriptionally repressive CAPs orchestrate the formation of repressed chromatin domains. We further explore how a diverse array of transcription-related CAPs or core histone variants, via phase separation, influence gene expression by inducing erroneous transcription events, regulating expression levels, and facilitating the interconversion of transcriptionally repressed and active regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72541,"journal":{"name":"Cell insight","volume":"3 6","pages":"Article 100213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Transcripts derived from the neocortical enhancer of Ctnnb1 promote the enhancer-promoter interaction and maintain Ctnnb1 transcription 源自 Ctnnb1 新皮质增强子的转录本促进增强子与启动子之间的相互作用并维持 Ctnnb1 的转录

Cell insight Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100212

Chen Zhao , Liang Wang , Junbao Wang, Kuan Tian, Xiaojiao Hua, Fangyu Wang, Yan Zhou

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APC orchestrates microtubule dynamics by acting as a positive regulator of KIF2A and a negative regulator of CLASPs APC 通过充当 KIF2A 的正调控因子和 CLASPs 的负调控因子来协调微管动力学

Cell insight Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100210

Yong Wang , Xinping Liu , Zheng Liu , Shasha Hua , Kai Jiang

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Just a SNP away: The future of in vivo massively parallel reporter assay 只差一个 SNP体内大规模并行报告分析的未来

Cell insight Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100214

Katherine N. Degner , Jessica L. Bell , Sean D. Jones , Hyejung Won

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Roles of core fucosylation modification in immune system and diseases 核心岩藻糖基化修饰在免疫系统和疾病中的作用

Cell insight Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100211

Qiu Pan , Xiao-Lian Zhang

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Cell insight Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2772-8927(24)00057-9

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Spontaneous and environment induced genomic alterations in yeast model 酵母模型中自发和环境诱导的基因组变化

Cell insight Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100209

Ke-Jing Li , Lei Qi , Ying-Xuan Zhu , Min He , Qian Xiang , Dao-Qiong Zheng

{"title":"Spontaneous and environment induced genomic alterations in yeast model","authors":"Ke-Jing Li , Lei Qi , Ying-Xuan Zhu , Min He , Qian Xiang , Dao-Qiong Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While genomic alterations are fundamental to biological evolution, enabling adaptation and diversity, they can also result in detrimental outcomes, such as the development of genetic diseases including cancer. The budding yeast <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> serves as an exemplary model for investigating the mechanisms behind various genomic alterations, including point mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, and whole-chromosome aneuploidy. In this review, we highlight the application of genetic screening systems to assess the mutagenic effects of physical and chemical agents efficiently. Additionally, we discuss the utilization of high-throughput sequencing technologies to uncover comprehensive genomic alterations and rare genetic events. We provide a detailed summary of the features of genomic alterations and discuss the genetic mechanisms driving these changes under both spontaneous and stress-induced conditions. Given the high conservation of DNA replication and repair machinery across different organisms, the insights gained from studies on yeast offer valuable perspectives for understanding the delicate balance between genome plasticity and integrity in other species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72541,"journal":{"name":"Cell insight","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Modeling respiratory tract diseases for clinical translation employing conditionally reprogrammed cells 利用条件重编程细胞建立呼吸道疾病模型，促进临床转化

Cell insight Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100201

Danyal Daneshdoust , Kai He , Qi-En Wang , Jenny Li , Xuefeng Liu

{"title":"Modeling respiratory tract diseases for clinical translation employing conditionally reprogrammed cells","authors":"Danyal Daneshdoust , Kai He , Qi-En Wang , Jenny Li , Xuefeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preclinical models serve as indispensable tools in translational medicine. Specifically, patient-derived models such as patient-derived xenografts (PDX), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), organoids, and recently developed technique of conditional reprogramming (CR) have been employed to reflect the host characteristics of diseases. CR technology involves co-culturing epithelial cells with irradiated Swiss-3T3-J2 mouse fibroblasts (feeder cells) in the presence of a Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, Y-27632. CR technique facilitates the rapid conversion of both normal and malignant cells into a “reprogrammed stem-like” state, marked by robust in vitro proliferation. This is achieved without reliance on exogenous gene expression or viral transfection, while maintaining the genetic profile of the parental cells. So far, CR technology has been used to study biology of diseases, targeted therapies (precision medicine), regenerative medicine, and noninvasive diagnosis and surveillance. Respiratory diseases, ranking as the third leading cause of global mortality, pose a significant burden to healthcare systems worldwide. Given the substantial mortality and morbidity rates of respiratory diseases, efficient and rapid preclinical models are imperative to accurately recapitulate the diverse spectrum of respiratory conditions. In this article, we discuss the applications and future potential of CR technology in modeling various respiratory tract diseases, including lung cancer, respiratory viral infections (such as influenza and Covid-19 and etc.), asthma, cystic fibrosis, respiratory papillomatosis, and upper aerodigestive track tumors. Furthermore, we discuss the potential utility of CR in personalized medicine, regenerative medicine, and clinical translation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72541,"journal":{"name":"Cell insight","volume":"3 6","pages":"Article 100201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772892724000567/pdfft?md5=750759748ba4907ad4ed0e781caf4cc8&pid=1-s2.0-S2772892724000567-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of SUMOylation in biomolecular condensate dynamics and protein localization SUMOylation 在生物分子凝聚动态和蛋白质定位中的作用

Cell insight Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100199

Emily Gutierrez-Morton, Yanchang Wang

{"title":"The role of SUMOylation in biomolecular condensate dynamics and protein localization","authors":"Emily Gutierrez-Morton, Yanchang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a type of protein post-translational modification, SUMOylation is the process that attaches a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) to lysine residues of protein substrates. Not only do SUMO and ubiquitin exhibit structure similarity, but the enzymatic cascades for SUMOylation and ubiquitination are also similar. It is well established that protein ubiquitination triggers proteasomal degradation, but the function of SUMOylation remains poorly understood compared to ubiquitination. Recent studies reveal the role of SUMOylation in regulating protein localization, stability, and interaction networks. SUMO can be covalently attached to substrates either as an individual monomer (monoSUMOylation) or as a polymeric SUMO chain (polySUMOylation). Strikingly, mono- and polySUMOylation likely play distinct roles in protein subcellular localization and the assembly/disassembly of biomolecular condensates, which are membraneless cellular compartments with concentrated biomolecules. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the understanding of the function and regulation of SUMOylation, which could reveal potential therapeutic targets in disease pathogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72541,"journal":{"name":"Cell insight","volume":"3 6","pages":"Article 100199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0