Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine最新文献

{"title":"Interaction between Perivascular and Luminal Factors in Arteriovenous Fistula in Yucatan Miniswine.","authors":"Fanya Xia, Jacob Smith, Vikrant Rai, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is created in end-stage renal disease patients for hemodialysis. AVF maturation failure is a common complication due to thrombosis and stenosis of the vessels involved in AVF. Chronic inflammation along with perivascular cuffing plays a critical role in AVF maturation failure. Luminal as well as periluminal factors with the involvement of transcription and epigenetic factors play a critical role in AVF maturation failure. Our previous study reported MYOD1, a factor associated with muscle regeneration and increased with muscle injury, as a significantly increased transcription factor in AVF arteries compared to control. This study aims to characterize the perivascular and vascular AVF tissues for the expression of MYOD1, mediators of inflammation, immune cell markers, and apoptosis markers with the hypothesis that muscle injury mediates the recruitment of immune cells and activation of apoptosis leading to increased apoptosis and vascular thrombosis and fibrosis of perivascular structures. Previously collected tissues from Yucatan miniswine were stained and analyzed, and the results revealed increased expression of mediators of inflammation, immune cell markers, and apoptosis markers in association with increased MYOD1 expression. The findings suggest an interaction between the expression of perivascular factors and luminal factors, but further investigations using in-vitro studies are needed to establish this relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":72523,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine","volume":"9 2","pages":"82-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12220929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition, Gut Microbiota, and Epigenetics in the Modulation of Immune Response and Metabolic Health.","authors":"Sabrin Bacaloni, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune system function is intricately shaped by nutritional status, dietary patterns, and gut microbiota composition. Micronutrients such as vitamins A, C, D, E, B-complex, zinc, selenium, iron, and magnesium are critical for maintaining physical barriers, supporting immune cell proliferation, and regulating inflammation. Macronutrients-including proteins, fats, and carbohydrates-also modulate immune responses through their impact on immune metabolism and the gut-immune axis. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA expression, mediate the long-term effects of diet on immune function and tolerance. Diet-induced alterations in gut microbiota further influence immune homeostasis via microbial metabolites like short-chain fatty acids. Imbalanced diets, particularly the Western diet, contribute to immune dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and the development of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. While plant-based and Mediterranean dietary patterns have shown anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory benefits, gaps remain in understanding the long-term epigenetic impacts of these diets. This review integrates current knowledge on how nutrition and the microbiome regulate immunity, highlighting future directions for personalized dietary strategies in preventing chronic immune-related conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72523,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine","volume":"9 3","pages":"111-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12121961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting Oncostatin M Receptor to Attenuate Carotid Artery Plaque Vulnerability in Hypercholesterolemic Microswine.","authors":"Jerry Trinh, Jennifer Shin, Vikrant Rai, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.26502/fccm.92920380","DOIUrl":"10.26502/fccm.92920380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to acute embolism via the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Plaque formation is first induced by fatty deposition along the arterial intima. Inflammation, bacterial infection, and the released endotoxins can lead to dysfunction and phenotypic changes of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), advancing the plaque from stable to unstable form and prone to rupture. Stable plaques are characterized by increased VSMCs and less inflammation while vulnerable plaques develop due to chronic inflammation and less VSMCs. Oncostatin M (OSM), an inflammatory cytokine, plays a role in endothelial cells and VSMC proliferation. This effect of OSM could be modulated by p27^KIP1, a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor. However, the role of OSM in plaque vulnerability has not been investigated. To better understand the role of OSM and its downstream signaling including p27^KIP1 in plaque vulnerability, we characterized the previously collected carotid arteries from hyperlipidemic Yucatan microswine using hematoxylin and eosin stain, Movat Pentachrome stain, and gene and protein expression of OSM and p27^KIP1 using immunostaining and real-time polymerase chain reaction. OSM and p27^KIP1 expression in carotid arteries with angioplasty and treatment with either scrambled peptide or LR12, an inhibitor of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell (TREM)-1, were compared between the experimental groups and with contralateral carotid artery. The results of this study elucidated the presence of OSM and p27^KIP1 in carotid arteries with plaque and their association with arterial plaque and vulnerability. The findings suggest that targeting OSM and p27^KIP1 axis regulating VSMC proliferation may have therapeutic significance to stabilize plaque.</p>","PeriodicalId":72523,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine","volume":"8 3","pages":"206-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11138392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141181729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Exposure Induces Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Female Rats: Role of Ovaries.","authors":"Karina Porfirio, Pankaj Yadav, Sri Vidya Dangudubiyyam, Alissa Hofmann, Jay S Mishra, Sathish Kumar","doi":"10.26502/fccm.92920388","DOIUrl":"10.26502/fccm.92920388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are pervasive environmental pollutants frequently detected in drinking water worldwide. Reports linking PFAS exposure to cardiovascular disease have increased significantly in recent years. Furthermore, women appear to be more susceptible to the adverse effects of PFAS. However, the potential role of ovaries in the increased vulnerability of females to PFAS-related health effects remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the impact of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a prominent PFAS, on the cardiovascular function in female rats with intact ovaries and ovariectomized (OVX) females. Bilateral OVX or sham surgeries were performed in 8-week-old female SD rats. Following recovery from surgeries, the rats were given drinking water containing 50 μg/mL of PFOS for 3 weeks. Control groups received PFOS-free water. PFOS exposure significantly reduced body weight but increased blood pressure similarly in both intact and OVX rats. Echocardiography analysis revealed that PFOS exposure decreased cardiac output, end-systolic volume, and end-diastolic volume in intact but not OVX rats. Vascular function studies demonstrated that PFOS equally reduced endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation responses in intact and OVX rats. The endothelium-independent contractile responses were more pronounced in both intact and OVX rats. eNOS protein levels were similarly decreased in both intact and OVX rats. In conclusion, PFOS affects cardiac function through hormone-dependent mechanisms, while vascular function is impaired independent of ovarian status, indicating an intricate interplay between PFOS exposure, ovarian status, and cardiovascular function.</p>","PeriodicalId":72523,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine","volume":"8 3","pages":"275-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11259018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Signature of Pre-Operative Biomarkers of Cellular Senescence to Predict Risk of Cardiac and Kidney Adverse Events after Cardiac Surgery.","authors":"Amy Entwistle, Susan Walker, Anne Knecht, Susan L Strum, Asad A Shah, Aliaksei Pustavoitau, Natalia Mitin, Judson B Williams","doi":"10.26502/fccm.92920387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/fccm.92920387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Improved pre-operative risk stratification methods are needed for targeted risk mitigation and optimization of care pathways for cardiac patients. This is the first report demonstrating pre-operative, aging-related biomarkers of cellular senescence and immune system function can predict risk of common and serious cardiac surgery-related adverse events.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Multi-center 331-patient cohort study that enrolled patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafing (CABG) surgery with 30-day follow-up. <b>Included a quaternary care center and two community-based hospitals.</b> Primary outcome was KDIGO-defined acute kidney injury (AKI). Secondary outcomes: decline in eGFR ≥25% at 30d and a composite of major adverse cardiac and kidney events at 30d (MACKE30). Biomarkers were assessed in blood samples collected prior to surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A multivariate regression model of six senescence biomarkers (p16, p14, LAG3, CD244, CD28 and suPAR) identified patients at risk for AKI (NPV 86.6%, accuracy 78.6%), decline in eGFR (NPV 93.5%, accuracy 85.2%), and MACKE30 (NPV 91.4%, accuracy 79.9%). Patients in the top risk tertile had 7.8 (3.3-18.4) higher odds of developing AKI, 4.5 (1.6-12.6) higher odds of developing renal decline at 30d follow-up, and 5.7 (2.1-15.6) higher odds of developing MACKE30 versus patients in the bottom tertile. All models remained significant when adjusted for clinical variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A network of senescence biomarkers, a fundamental mechanism of aging, can identify patients at risk for adverse kidney and cardiac events when measured pre-operatively. These findings lay the foundation to improve pre-surgical risk assessment with measures that capture heterogeneity of aging, thereby improving clinical outcomes and resource utilization in cardiac surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":72523,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine","volume":"8 3","pages":"267-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11426411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational Biology in the Discovery of Biomarkers in the Diagnosis, Treatment and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases.","authors":"Irene Batta, Ritika Patial, Ranbir C Sobti, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with a disproportionately high burden in low- and middle-income countries. Biomarkers play a crucial role in the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases by providing valuable insights into the normal and abnormal conditions of the heart and vascular system. The biomarkers derived from the cells and tissues can be identified and quantified in the blood and other body fluids and in tissues. Changes in their expression level under a pathological condition provide clinical information on the underlying pathophysiology that could have predictive, diagnostic, and prognostic value in the treatment of a disease process, and therefore incorporated in clinical guidelines. This enhances the effectiveness of biomarkers in risk stratification and therapeutic decisions in personalized medicine and improvement in patient outcomes. Biomarkers could be protein, carbohydrate, or genome-based and may also be derived from lipids and nucleic acids. Computational biology has emerged as a powerful discipline in biomarker discovery, leveraging computational techniques to identify and validate biological markers for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and drug response prediction. The convergence of advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence, multi-omics profiling, liquid biopsies, and imaging, has led to a significant shift in the discovery and development of biomarkers, enabling the integration of data from multiple biological scales and providing a more comprehensive understanding of the complex signaling and transcriptional networks underlying disease pathogenesis. In this article, we reviewed the role of computational biology integrated with genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, together with machine learning techniques and predictive modeling and data integration in the discovery of biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases. We discussed specific biomarkers, including epigenetic, metabolic, and emerging biomarkers, such as extracellular vesicles, miRNAs, and circular RNAs, and their role in the pathophysiology of the heart and vascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":72523,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine","volume":"8 5","pages":"405-414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11426419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Income in Relation to Psychosocial Factors Among Stroke Survivors using Smartwatches for Atrial Fibrillation Monitoring.","authors":"Syed Naeem, Tyler Jones, Joseph Daniel, Jordy Mehawej, Andreas Filippaios, Tenes Paul, Ziyue Wang, Sakeina Howard-Wilson, Darleen Lessard, Eric Ding, Edith Mensah Otabil, Kamran Noorishirazi, Apurv Soni, Jane Saczynski, Khanh-Van Tran, David McManus","doi":"10.26502/fccm.92920404","DOIUrl":"10.26502/fccm.92920404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Timely detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) is critical for stroke prevention. Smartwatches are FDA-approved devices that can now aide in this detection.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Investigate how socioeconomic status is associated with self-reported psychosocial outcomes, including anxiety, patient activation, and health-related quality of life in stroke survivors using smartwatch for AF detection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from the Pulsewatch study, a randomized controlled trial (NCT03761394). Participants in the intervention group wore a cardiac patch monitor in addition to a smartwatch for AF detection, whereas the control group wore only the cardiac patch monitor. Generalized anxiety disorder-7 scale, Consumer Health Activation Index and short-form health survey were completed to assess anxiety, patient activation, physical and mental health status at baseline, 14, and 44 days. We used a longitudinal linear regression model to examine changes in psychosocial outcomes in low (<$50K) vs. high (>$50K) income groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 95 participants (average age 64.9± 9.1 years; 57.9% male; 89.5% non-Hispanic white) were included. History of renal disease (p-value 0.029), statin use (p-value 0.034), depression (p-value 0.004), and anxiety (p-value <0.001), were different between the income groups. In the adjusted model, the low-income group was associated with increased anxiety (β 2.75, p-value 0.0003), and decreased physical health status (β -5.07, p-value 0.02). There was no change identified in self-reported patient engagement and mental health status score.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings demonstrate that low SES is associated with worse self-reporting of physical health status, and this may influence psychosocial outcomes in smartwatch users.</p>","PeriodicalId":72523,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine","volume":"8 5","pages":"433-439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes and Complications Associated with Mechanical Thrombectomy in the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke.","authors":"Zubair Ahmed, Jeremy Pan, Tony Eskandar, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Universally, stroke presents as neurological deficits due to the obstruction of blood supply to specific regions of the brain. Among the three main categories of stroke, acute ischemic stroke is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. As of today, there are two effective treatment methods: thrombolysis and endovascular therapy. Intravenous thrombolysis treatment via tissue plasminogen activator is typically administered within 4.5 hours from the onset of symptoms. Mechanical thrombectomy, a type of endovascular therapy, is indicated for acute ischemic stroke due to a large vessel occlusion occurring within 24 hours since the patient was last seen asymptomatic. Due to the disadvantages of intravenous thrombolysis treatment, such as a limited time window and numerous contraindications, studies have proven the efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy as the standard of care for acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation. Endovascular therapy was associated with higher rates of independent clinical outcome and successful reperfusion rates compared to intravenous thrombolysis treatment. Currently, stent retrievers and aspiration devices are the two most common endovascular therapy techniques. Two prominent studies compared the reperfusion rates between these two techniques, but neither was found to be more beneficial than the other. The decision to use either a stent retriever or direct aspiration depends on the patient and the thrombus involved. This comprehensive article critically discusses the findings on the efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy therapy for acute ischemic stroke and its associated outcomes and complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":72523,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine","volume":"8 6","pages":"504-514"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Current Treatment Strategies in Stroke.","authors":"Zubair Ahmed, Fihr Chaudhary, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.26502/fccm.92920399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/fccm.92920399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes are critical health issues and the incidence is on the rise. The rapid neurological degeneration that can occur with either type of stroke warrants prompt medical attention. In the article, we critically reviewed the literature examining their incidence, pathophysiology, and present treatment strategies. Clinical trials show conflicting findings, with ischemic strokes accounting for 87% of all strokes. Brain injury following an ischemic stroke results in cell death and necrosis, immune cells being the primary actors in the process of neuroinflammation. In order to develop neuroprotective drugs against ischemic stroke, detailed investigation of glutamate production and metabolism as well as downstream pathways controlled by glutamate receptors provides significant information on the underlying mechanisms. The permeability of the blood-brain barrier and the degradation of glutamine synthase are two potential mechanisms by which peritoneal dialysis accelerates brain-to-blood glutamate clearance and thus reduces glutamate levels in the brain after a stroke. Oxidative stress in an ischemic stroke disturbs the oxidant-antioxidant balance, which is particularly problematic for brain cells that are high in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Because of demographic factors like age, sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, the incidence and prevalence of stroke differ across people and regions. For rapid diagnosis and treatment decisions, diagnostic imaging tools such as vascular imaging, CT, and MRI are essential. To aid in the recovery and lessen neurological impairments following a stroke, novel avenues of research are under investigation on neuroprotective medications that target inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal death.</p>","PeriodicalId":72523,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine","volume":"8 4","pages":"389-404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11412115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Oxidative Stress and Decreased Sirtuin-3 and FOXO3 Expression Following Carotid Artery Intimal Injury in Hyperlipidemic Yucatan Microswine.","authors":"Prathosh Velpuri, Parth Patel, Armand Yazdani, Arian Abdi, Vikrant Rai, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.26502/fccm.92920355","DOIUrl":"10.26502/fccm.92920355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis as oxidized-low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) contribute to the formation of foam cells and inflammation. Increased immune cell infiltration and oxidative stress induce instability of a plaque. Rupture of the unstable plaque precipitates adverse ischemic events. Since reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in plaque formation and vulnerability, regulating ROS generation may have therapeutic potential. Sirtuins, specifically sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), are antigenic molecules that can reduce oxidative stress by reducing mitochondrial ROS production through epigenetic modulation. Lack of SIRT3 expression is associated with dysregulation of ROS and endothelial function following high-fat high-cholesterol diet. SIRT3 deacetylates FOXO3a (Forkhead transcription factor O subfamily member 3a) and protects mitochondria against oxidative stress which can lead to even further protective anti-oxidizing properties. This study was designed to investigate the association between hyperlipidemia, intimal injury, chronic inflammation, and the expression of NAD-dependent deacetylase SIRT-3, FOXO3, antioxidant genes, and oxidative stress in carotid arteries of hypercholesterolemic Yucatan microswine. We found that intimal injury in hypercholesterolemic state led to increased expression of oxidative stress, inflammation, neointimal hyperplasia, and plaque size and vulnerability, while decreasing anti-oxidative regulatory genes and mediators. The findings suggest that targeting the SIRT3-FOXO3a-oxidative stress pathway will have therapeutic significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":72523,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"33-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10852345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139708707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}