Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine最新文献

{"title":"Door-to-Needle Optimization in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Review of Rapid Emergency Department Interventions.","authors":"Fihr Chaudhary, Nasr Chaudhary, Sahil Afzal, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.26502/fccm.92920503","DOIUrl":"10.26502/fccm.92920503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and the benefit of intravenous thrombolysis decays steeply with time while its hemorrhagic risk does not. That asymmetry makes the door-to-needle interval, measured from emergency department arrival to administration of the thrombolytic bolus, one of the few determinants of stroke outcome that can be improved without new technology or additional resources. This review synthesizes the evidence underlying door-to-needle optimization. It begins with the quantified biology of delay, in which roughly 1.9 million neurons are lost for every minute of untreated large-vessel ischemia, and with the pooled randomized data showing that the number needed to treat for one additional good outcome rises from approximately five within ninety minutes to approximately fifteen at the outer edge of the 4.5-hour window. It then examines how the interval should be measured, arguing that the mean and the minimum door-to-needle time must both be reported because they describe different properties of the same system. Prehospital determinants of delay, including field triage instruments, dispatcher and paramedic education, prenotification, and ambulance-based thrombolysis, are reviewed alongside the in-hospital Helsinki protocol, whose parallelization of imaging, clinical assessment, and drug preparation reduced median in-hospital delay to twenty minutes and was reproduced in Melbourne within four months. National registry data from the Target: Stroke initiative confirm that these gains scale across a hospital network with concurrent reductions in mortality and symptomatic hemorrhage. The review closes with the trade-off between speed and diagnostic certainty, the reassuring safety profile of thrombolysis in stroke mimics, and the way tenecteplase, imaging-based patient selection, and endovascular thrombectomy are reshaping what the metric measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":72523,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine","volume":"10 5","pages":"247-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13618259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Treatment of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure with Cardiogenic Shock in the Emergency Setting.","authors":"Fihr Chaudhary, Sahil Afzal, Nasr Chaudhary, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.26502/fccm.92920505","DOIUrl":"10.26502/fccm.92920505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute decompensated heart failure accounts for more than a million United States hospitalizations each year, and its most severe expression, cardiogenic shock, carries an in-hospital mortality approaching fifty percent. Most randomized evidence in heart failure concerns the chronic outpatient population, which leaves the emergency department phase, during which a large share of the eventual trajectory is determined, supported by comparatively few dedicated trials. This review draws together what is currently known about the recognition and early stabilization of acute decompensated heart failure complicated by cardiogenic shock in the emergency setting. It describes the shock spiral, in which falling cardiac output lowers coronary perfusion pressure and further impairs contractility, together with the inflammatory component that explains why a subset of patients present with an inappropriately low systemic vascular resistance. It reviews bedside phenotyping along the axes of perfusion and congestion, severity staging with the SCAI SHOCK classification, and the diagnostic tools available at the bedside, including point-of-care ultrasound of the lungs, heart, and inferior vena cava, the electrocardiogram as a means of identifying the precipitating arrhythmia, and the laboratory markers of perfusion and end-organ stress. The management section argues that sequence is itself a therapeutic decision: perfusion pressure is restored first, contractility second, and congestion third, because each intervention is actively harmful when performed out of order. Non-invasive ventilation, rate and rhythm management, and correction of anemia are addressed as parallel contributors to oxygen delivery. The review closes with criteria for escalation to mechanical circulatory support and multidisciplinary shock team care, and states plainly the unequal quality of the evidence supporting each recommendation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72523,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine","volume":"10 5","pages":"263-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13614691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149066289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting Exercise as a Therapeutic Intervention in Multiple Sclerosis: Barriers, Efficacy, and Social Prescribing Strategies.","authors":"Kristen Mittl, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.26502/fccm.92920478","DOIUrl":"10.26502/fccm.92920478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurologic disease associated with significant physical, cognitive and social burden. Substantial evidence supports the safety and benefits of aerobic exercise for people with MS (pwMS), including improvements in fatigue, mobility, cognition, mood and quality of life. While exercise is recommended across all disability levels in clinical guidelines, real-world adherence remains low. This narrative review summarizes the benefits of aerobic exercise in MS and examines the symptom-related, psychosocial, socioeconomic, and healthcare system barriers that limits its implementation. These barriers reflect the broader influence of social determinants of health, which play a critical role in MS outcomes yet remain under-addressed in intervention research. We highlight social prescribing, a patient-centered approach that connects individuals to non-medical, community-based resources to address social needs, as a strategy to reduce barriers to exercise participation for pwMS. Future research should focus on developing and evaluating MS-specific interventions to improve exercise adherence and promote equitable access to physical activity to improve health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":72523,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"6-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12945314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147328317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Missense Variants in <i>TRIM37</i> Associated with Mulibrey Nanism and Complex Congenital Heart Disease.","authors":"Gloria K E Zodanu, Angela C Zeigler, Jordan Mudery, Charlotte Wolf, John H Hwang, Xuedong Kang, Amy Speirs, Lee-Kai Wang, Reshma Biniwale, Ming-Sing Si, Nancy Halnon, Gary M Satou, Wayne W Grody, Glen S Van Arsdell, Stanly F Nelson, Marlin Touma","doi":"10.26502/fccm.92920481","DOIUrl":"10.26502/fccm.92920481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mulibrey nanism is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the tripartite motif protein 37 (<i>TRIM37</i> gene), which codes for a RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase. Affected individuals present with prenatal-onset growth failure, abnormalities in multiple organs, and heart disorders, including constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We performed phenotypic-genotypic analyses in a 32-week gestation preterm infant presenting with a complex congenital heart disease, including interrupted aortic arch type B, persistent left-sided superior vena cava (SVC), septal defects, and valvular disease, in addition to other congenital malformations. Initial genetic screenings, including whole genome chromosomal microarray, were negative. Whole exome sequencing (WES) of DNA samples from the proband/mother duo revealed two novel heterozygous missense variants [c.199C>T (p.Arg67Cys)] and [c.2041C>G (p.Gln681Glu)] in the <i>TRIM37</i> gene, which has been associated with Mulibrey nanism. The c.199C>T variant was inherited from the mother; however, the mode of inheritance of the c.2041C>G could not be ascertained. Whether the two variants are present on the same allele could not be determined either, due to the unavailability of the father or any family member for additional genetic analysis. However, <i>in silico</i> analysis predicted that both variants are damaging, and both amino acid positions are fairly well conserved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the critical role of the <i>TRIM37</i> genetic variants in complex congenital heart defect phenotypes associated with Mulibrey nanism and emphasize the importance of comprehensive triobased WES for antenatal care and early diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":72523,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine","volume":"10 2","pages":"22-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13026078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial I ntelligence-Assisted Fetal Echocardiography: Improving Early Detection and Neonatal Outcomes of Congenital Heart Disease.","authors":"Karina Patel, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.26502/fccm.92920488","DOIUrl":"10.26502/fccm.92920488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) encompasses a range of structural abnormalities of the heart and great vessels present at birth and is associated with significant lifelong morbidity, including heart failure and arrhythmias. Early diagnosis is critical for optimizing perinatal management and improving outcomes. This review focuses on early fetal echocardiography, a specialized ultrasound technique that enables detection of cardiac abnormalities in utero, as early as 11-14 weeks of gestation, compared to traditional imaging performed at approximately 20 weeks. Advancements in early imaging have improved the identification of high-risk fetuses, particularly those with genetic predispositions or family history of CHD, allowing for earlier clinical decision-making and intervention planning. In select cases, prenatal detection facilitates in utero management of conditions such as aortic stenosis and hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Additionally, emerging applications of artificial intelligence (AI) have enhanced image analysis and diagnostic accuracy, supporting clinicians in the early recognition of CHD. Despite these advances, challenges remain, including variability in diagnostic accuracy in early gestation, risk of false positives, and limited access to specialized imaging technologies. Continued integration of AI-driven tools and the development of standardized screening protocols hold promise for improving diagnostic consistency and long-term outcomes in patients with CHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":72523,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine","volume":"10 3","pages":"95-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13225771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148152399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testosterone and Cardiovascular Health: Physiology, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Implications.","authors":"Gaithrri Shanmuganathan, Nora Lyang, Sandeep Gill, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is becoming increasingly prevalent in the United States, prompting an interest in biological and hormonal contributors to risk. Although testosterone has long been implicated in cardiovascular risk, the nature of this relationship is complex and is not fully understood. Furthermore, the use of testosterone replacement therapy has increased over the years, especially in male hypogonadism. Like endogenous testosterone, the influence of testosterone replacement therapy on CVD risk remains unclear as findings from multiple studies have been inconsistent. Some studies proposed that testosterone replacement therapy-induced erythrocytosis may contribute to an increased risk of CVD, however, this association remains unconfirmed. Building on this proposed mechanism, some studies have found certain testosterone replacement therapy formulations to have increased rates of erythrocytosis while other studies found similar effects across all formulations. In this review, we outline the physiology of endogenous testosterone, its role in cardiovascular health and the current evidence surrounding testosterone replacement therapy and its relationship with CVD. We will then review the different testosterone replacement therapy formulations and evaluate their potential influence on CVD risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":72523,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine","volume":"10 2","pages":"57-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13128135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147824278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality Trends in the United States due to Concurrent Heart Failure, Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter and Sepsis.","authors":"Gaithrri Shanmuganathan, Nicole Jeongha Lee, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.26502/fccm.92920482","DOIUrl":"10.26502/fccm.92920482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation (AF)/atrial flutter (AFL) and sepsis commonly co-occur in hospitalized patients. This study determines temporal mortality trends associated with concurrent HF, AF/AFL, and sepsis among adults across demographic and geographic groups in the United States. The CDC Wonder database was utilized to extract age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 for deaths listing HF, AF/AFL, and sepsis. Trends were analyzed by age, race/ethnicity, region, and sex. Joinpoint regression calculated the annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) for AAMR with 95% CI. From 1999 to 2023, there were 1,749,565 deaths involving HF, AF/AFL, and sepsis. AAMR doubled (1999: 11.79 vs. 2020: 23.87 per 100,000), with a critical 2012 inflection point accelerating mortality from 1.29% to 6.42% annually. White individuals had steepest post-2012 acceleration (6.67%), surpassing Black individuals by 2020 (24.88 vs. 20.80 per 100,000). Males had higher AAMRs than females (28.69 vs 20.19 per 100,000 in 2020). Middle-aged adults (45-64 years) showed highest acceleration (9.98-10.30%), nearly double those aged ≥85 years (5.82%). The Midwest and South had steepest increases (7.07% and 7.11%). During 2018-2023, mortality continued increasing at 6.11% annually without stabilization. Mortality involving HF, AF/AFL and sepsis doubled from 1999-2023 with sustained acceleration and no post-pandemic stabilization. Targeted interventions should focus on males, middle-aged adults, and high-risk regions with enhanced post-discharge care.</p>","PeriodicalId":72523,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine","volume":"10 2","pages":"34-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147596304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Most Effective Interventions for Improving Upper Extremity Function in Patients with Hemiparesis.","authors":"Andre Aabedi, Daniel Mashiach, Marcel P Fraix, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.26502/fccm.92920475","DOIUrl":"10.26502/fccm.92920475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemiparesis, commonly resulting from stroke, leads to significant impairments in upper extremity function, limiting daily activities and reducing quality of life. Effective rehabilitation strategies are essential to enhance motor recovery and restore functional independence. This review evaluates the most effective interventions for improving upper extremity function in patients with hemiparesis. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analyzing systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and clinical guidelines. The efficacy of various interventions, including task-specific training, constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), mirror therapy, virtual reality, bilateral arm training, pharmacological approaches, and robotic-assisted rehabilitation, was assessed based on their impact on motor function and daily activities. The review highlights the role of neuroplasticity in motor recovery, emphasizing interventions that promote cortical reorganization. Task-specific training, CIMT, and NMES demonstrate strong evidence in enhancing motor function. Emerging technologies, such as brain-computer interfaces and robotics, show promise in optimizing rehabilitation outcomes. Factors influencing recovery, including stroke severity, time since onset, and patient motivation, are discussed. Studies consistently support the effectiveness of CIMT and task-specific training in improving upper extremity function. NMES and mirror therapy are beneficial adjunct therapies, particularly for patients with moderate impairment. Virtual reality and robotics enhance engagement and motor learning, while pharmacological and stem cell therapies are emerging areas with potential but require further research. A multimodal rehabilitation approach combining task-oriented therapies, neuromodulation, and emerging technologies yields the best outcomes for upper extremity recovery in hemiparesis patients. Future research should focus on optimizing individualized treatment plans and integrating novel therapeutic modalities to maximize functional gains.</p>","PeriodicalId":72523,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine","volume":"9 6","pages":"504-511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-efficient and Accurate Risk Assessment Instruments in Type 2 Diabetics with Greatest Risk for Cardiovascular Disease.","authors":"Meghana Kaipa, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.26502/fccm.92920485","DOIUrl":"10.26502/fccm.92920485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death among individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To better direct preventative care, many risk assessment tools have been developed to determine whether T2DM patients will develop cardiovascular disease. This paper analyzes three specific tools: UKPDS (United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study), the Framingham Risk Score, and the QRISK (QRESEARCH cardiovascular risk algorithm) calculator, with a focus on their predictive utility and limitations in clinical practice. All these models were designed using a variety of patient information, including demographics, cholesterol levels, and blood pressure values; however, each has its own drawbacks. The UKPDS is based on an outdated study and does not account for patients with a history of baseline heart disease. The Framingham Risk Score is less accurate when determining the risk of cardiovascular events in underserved populations, as the database it was developed from lacks sufficient representation of these groups. While the QRISK calculator incorporates additional patient factors to better address the gaps of previous tools, resulting in more accurate predictions, none of these tools are perfectly individualized. Patient data is constantly changing, highlighting the need for models that utilize machine learning algorithms. Such approaches allow for greater adaptability and can integrate data from biomarkers and continuous glucose monitoring devices. Improving the accessibility and implementation of these newer tools is essential to better address existing healthcare gaps and enhance preventative care in high-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":72523,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine","volume":"10 2","pages":"71-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13155437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147870535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulse Oximetry Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Defects: Effectiveness and Implementation across Clinical Settings.","authors":"Gauri Gurumurthy, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.26502/fccm.92920468","DOIUrl":"10.26502/fccm.92920468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital heart defects are the most prevalent congenital anomalies, occurring in approximately 1% of live births and accounting for nearly one-third of all major congenital disorders worldwide. Within this spectrum, critical congenital heart defects (CCHDs) represent the most severe forms, often necessitating surgical or catheter-based intervention within the first year of life. Delayed or missed diagnosis of CCHDs remains a major cause of preventable neonatal morbidity and mortality, underscoring the importance of timely detection. Pulse oximetry screening has emerged as a noninvasive, inexpensive, and highly specific method to identify hypoxemia, particularly in duct-dependent lesions that may otherwise escape early clinical recognition. Since its universal adoption in the United States in 2011, pulse oximetry screening has consistently demonstrated value as a complementary tool to prenatal ultrasound and physical examination, improving detection rates, reducing emergency hospitalizations, and lowering infant mortality. Despite its proven clinical impact, important challenges remain. Screening sensitivity is limited, especially for conditions such as coarctation of the aorta that may not produce early hypoxemia. Variability in protocols, including timing of screening, pre- versus post-ductal measurement, and thresholds for repeat testing, contributes to inconsistent performance across hospitals. Moreover, recent evidence of racial bias in pulse oximetry accuracy, along with persistent disparities in early detection across demographic groups, highlights the need for inclusive device validation and standardized protocols. In low- and middle-income countries, pilot studies from Rwanda, Nigeria, and India demonstrate feasibility and dual benefits for detecting both cardiac and non-cardiac hypoxemic conditions, but widespread implementation is hindered by resource constraints, inadequate referral pathways, and limited access to confirmatory echocardiography. Emerging strategies, including integration with electronic medical records, computerized clinical decision support systems, and mobile health technologies, hold promise for standardizing workflows, improving compliance, and extending reach to resource-limited settings. This article presents a synthesisis of current evidence on the effectiveness, limitations, and global implementation of pulse oximetry screening for the detection of congenital heart defect detection, highlighting both its established role in neonatal care and the urgent need for innovations to address disparities, optimize protocols, and ensure equitable access to screening worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":72523,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine","volume":"9 5","pages":"444-456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12674206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145679504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}