Actas espanolas de psiquiatria最新文献

{"title":"Cardiovascular Risk Evaluation in a Latin American Population With Severe Mental Illness: An Observational Study.","authors":"Juan Rivas, Carlos Miranda, Anita Restrepo, Mauricio Hernández, Jose Miguel Erazo, María Juliana Martínez, Jennifer Lasso, Laura López, Juan Esteban Gómez-Mesa","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1904","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with severe mental illness (SMI) have a life expectancy that is 15 to 20 years shorter than that of the general population primarily due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is a leading cause of mortality. Contributing factors include unhealthy lifestyles, physical inactivity, diet, smoking, specific medications, and obesity. This study seeks to describe risk factors and cardiovascular risks (CVR) among hospitalized patients with SMI at a specialized mental healthcare center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed demographic and clinical data from hospitalized patients between January and December 2022. The Framingham 10- and 30-year risk scores were used to assess CVR, and logistic regression was employed for statistical analysis to compare results and determine significant differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study consisted of 366 patients, of whom 47.2% were women, aged 18 to 81. Women were, on average, older than men, with mean ages of 44.7 and 37.8 years, respectively (p < 0.001). Additional demographic characteristics show that 54.9% had finished high school and 81.1% were single. The biggest CVR factors in our sample were female sex, higher academic level, systolic blood pressure above 150 mmHg, triglyceride levels above 150 mg/dL, fasting glucose values above 100 mg/dL, cigarette smoking, and a family history of CVD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The research shows an incidence of CVD risk among patients with SMI. Multiple lifestyle and medical factors correlate with an increased mortality risk over 10 and 30 years. These findings highlight the need to control modifiable risk factors such as blood pressure (BP), serum lipids, glucose levels, smoking habits, and possible medication side effects to positively impact survival and quality of life in this group.</p>","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 4","pages":"742-755"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Factors Affecting Postpartum Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Development of Risk Prediction Nomogram Model.","authors":"Xinling Wang, Li Liu, Rong Pang, Sisi Li, Suting Dong","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1834","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Currently, the factors impacting postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder (PP-PTSD) remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to screen the PP-PTSD risk factors and to develop an effective and user-friendly column chart prediction model (nomogram), thereby providing a basis for early clinical diagnosis and prompt intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study collected 180 postpartum women between January 2023 and December 2023. Based on the occurrence of PP-PTSD, study participants were divided into two groups: a control group (No-PP-PTSD) and an observation group (PP-PTSD). The logistic regression analysis were used to identify independent risk factors for this condition, and nomogram models were developed by incorporating these items. Furthermore, we applied the calibration plots, decision curve analysis (DCA), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to assess the predictive performance of the nomogram.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified working condition (p = 0.008), relationship with the second primary caregiver of the child (p < 0.001), type of pregnancy (p < 0.001), pregnancy mode (p < 0.001), newborns sent to the ICU (p < 0.001), postpartum anxiety (p = 0.002), and plan pregnancy (p = 0.001) as independent risk factors for PP-PTSD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We developed a user-friendly and scientifically robust nomogram model for predicting PP-PTSD risk in postpartum women. This predicting tool has the potential to assist clinicians in making informed decisions concerning PP-PTSD among postpartum women.</p>","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 4","pages":"658-668"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Was the COVID-19 Pandemic a Triggering Factor for PTSD in Adults? Results From A Systematic Review.","authors":"Pierluigi Catapano, Matteo Di Vincenzo, Salvatore Cipolla, Roberta Murolo, Alessandra Cirino, Alessia Boiano, Beatrice Prota, Sandra Cavaliere, Antonio Volpicelli, Bianca Della Rocca, Mario Luciano, Andrea Fiorillo, Gaia Sampogna","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1882","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has represented a traumatic event for the general population, being associated with significant levels of uncertainty for the future, anxiety and depressive symptoms, especially in the first months of the health crisis. The adoption of strict containment measures, lockdown and interruption of all unnecessary activities have had a significant impact on the mental health of the general population. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has been considered a very stressful event (which could be defined as ''traumatic''), being associated with significant morbidity and mortality and being completely unpredictable. Based on such premises, we conducted a systematic review of the available literature in order to identify all studies providing epidemiological data and statistics on the prevalence and characteristics of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An extensive literature search has been conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from the inception of each database until 15 November 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-one papers have been included in the review; the majority of the studies have been conducted in Italy and China. A significant heterogeneity in prevalence rates, ranging from 0.5% to 70.2%, and psychometric tool used was found. The most common risk factors for developing PTSD in the framework of the COVID-19 pandemic included: female gender, social isolation, impact on daily routine. The most relevant protective factor includes older age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Future research should aim to standardize assessment tools and criteria to enhance the comparability and reliability of findings in the field of trauma-related research studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 4","pages":"868-901"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels as a Biomarker of Treatment Response in Patients With Depression: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Yang Li, Jing Ma, Wen-Xiu Zhang, Yan-Li Cao, Chen Lei","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1967","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a key role in the pathophysiology of depression and the mechanism of action of antidepressants. This study aimed to evaluate the changes of BDNF in patients with depression and how it is affected by antidepressant treatment through meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multiple databases (including PubMed, Embase and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)) were searched for studies on BDNF levels in patients with depression published up to November 15, 2024. Meta-analyses of serum and plasma BDNF levels were performed using RevMan 5.4.1, with the effect sizes expressed as mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics (random-effects model if I2 ≥ 50%; fixed-effects if I2 < 50%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum BDNF levels in patients with depression were significantly lower than those in healthy controls [MD = -1.54, 95% confidence intervals (CI) (-2.85 to -0.24), p = 0.02]. Antidepressant drug treatment for 6 weeks significantly increased serum BDNF levels [MD = 7.42, 95% CI (1.10-13.74), p = 0.02], but the effect of 4 weeks of treatment was not statistically significant. Plasma BDNF levels showed no statistically significant differences between depressed patients and healthy controls (p > 0.05). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the meta-analysis results were robust and not unduly influenced by any single study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum BDNF levels serve as potential biomarkers in patients with depression, but their sensitivity to short-term antidepressant treatment is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 4","pages":"857-867"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mediating Role of Depression in the Association Between Death Anxiety and Quality of Life in Elderly Prostate Cancer Patients.","authors":"Haifeng Song, Fengyi He, Xiaoling Zhang","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1921","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A decreased quality of life is commonly observed in elderly patients with prostate cancer (PCa), and psychological changes in these patients require particular attention. This study aimed to investigate factors influencing depression, death anxiety, and quality of life in elderly PCa patients and to explore the mediating role of depression in the relationship between death anxiety and quality of life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 120 valid questionnaires from PCa patients at Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University were collected between October 2021 and July 2024. The Templer Death Anxiety Scale (T-DAS), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy for PCa (FACT-P) were used to assess death anxiety, depression, and quality of life, respectively. Influencing factors and the mediating role of depression between death anxiety and quality of life were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(1) Patients had a mean SDS score of 56.93 ± 4.47, T-DAS score of 44.83 ± 7.18 and FACT-P score of 103.52 ± 6.22; (2) Univariate analyses showed that patients' depression levels were associated with occupational status, average monthly income, length of illness, primary caregiver, and number of chronic illnesses (p < 0.05); death anxiety levels were associated with age, length of illness, primary caregiver, and number of chronic illnesses (p < 0.05); and quality of life was associated with age, BMI, and number of primary caregivers and chronic illnesses (p < 0.05); (3) Correlation analysis showed that depression was negatively correlated with quality of life (ρ = -0.360, p < 0.001), death anxiety was negatively correlated with quality of life (ρ = -0.456, p < 0.001), and death anxiety was positively correlated with depression (ρ = 0.493, p < 0.001); (4) Death anxiety had a significant negative effect on quality of life, with a direct effect of -0.262 and a total effect of -0.429. Depression significantly mediated the relationship between death anxiety and quality of life, with a mediating effect of -0.167 (95% CI: -0.331 to -0.045).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Depressive symptoms and death anxiety are prevalent among elderly PCa patients. Death anxiety directly impacts the quality of life of patients and also mediates an indirect effect through depression, further reducing patients' quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 4","pages":"791-801"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Role of Gut-Derived Neurotoxin TMAO in PTSD Risk Following Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Dongliang He, Qin Kang, Wei Duan, Guilan Li, Renli He, Xiaoping Liu, Xianghao Gong","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1885","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), comorbid with traumatic brain injury (TBI), severely affects the mood state of patients. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), one of the key intestinal flora metabolites, strongly correlates with TBI. This study aimed to explore the role of TMAO in the development of TBI-related PTSD and assess its predictive significance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 120 TBI patients treated at the Affiliated Hengyang Hospital of Hunan Normal University & Hengyang Central Hospital between February 2022 and April 2024. The clinical data were obtained from the hospital's medical record system. Patients were divided into a PTSD group (n = 56) and a non-PTSD group (n = 64) based on the post-traumatic stress disorder self-rating scale (PTSD-SS). Furthermore, patients in the PTSD group were divided into mild and severe subgroups. Blood samples were collected, and serum TMAO levels were assessed. Additionally, the correlation between TMAO levels, PTSD incidence, and PTSD severity was evaluated. The risk factors for PTSD comorbid with TBI and its severity were evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic effectiveness of TMAO as a predictive marker for PTSD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariate analysis showed that female gender, lower per capita monthly household income, depression, anxiety, and higher serum TMAO levels were significant risk factors for PTSD. Depression, anxiety, and higher serum TMAO levels were associated with severe PTSD, and higher per capita monthly household income and intracranial infection were protective factors. Serum TMAO levels were significantly higher in PTSD patients than in non-PTSD patients (p < 0.001), with its level profoundly elevated in severe PTSD patients than in mild PTSD patients. Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed that TMAO was positively correlated with the severity of PTSD (r = 0.8582, p < 0.0001). ROC curve analysis indicated TMAO's sensitivity of 67.86% and specificity of 93.75% for predicting PTSD, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8175.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum TMAO levels were significantly elevated in PTSD patients comorbid with TBI and were closely associated with PTSD severity. Furthermore, TMAO may aid in the early identification of high-risk, severe PTSD patients following TBI, thus helping to optimize intervention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 4","pages":"730-741"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Effects of Electroencephalogram-Based Bioelectric Stimulation on Cognitive-Behavioural Outcomes in Children With Dual Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability.","authors":"Jiufang He, Yiping Shi, Xike Wang","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1975","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This investigation evaluates the interventional effects of electroencephalogram-based bioelectric stimulation (EBBS) on intellectual development and behavioural symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and comorbid intellectual disability (ID).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>By utilising a retrospective cohort design, the research team analysed 310 clinically diagnosed cases of ASD and ID that were stratified into two intervention groups: a conventional group (n = 163) receiving conventional interventions (behavioural applied behaviour analysis (ABA) therapy and structured instruction) and an observation group (n = 147) receiving the same behavioural interventions combined with EBBS. Before and following the treatment, the childhood autism rating scale (CARS), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), developmental age and developmental quotient (DQ) and infants-junior middle school students' social-life abilities scale (S-M) were employed to assess symptom alleviation, cognitive capabilities and quality of life. The levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], folic acid (FA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were also measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After treatment, the observation group showed significantly lower CARS scores; increased post-treatment serum levels of 25(OH)D, FA and BDNF; and improved MoCA scores than the conventional group (p < 0.05). Regarding developmental age and DQ, the observation group demonstrated significant improvements in the subscales of fine motor skills, language, adaptive ability and social interaction after intervention (p < 0.05). Additionally, the S-M total scores and all quality-of-life indicators were superior in the observation group (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EBBS has the potential to collaboratively enhance the cognitive function, behavioural symptoms and quality of life of children with comorbid ASD and ID.</p>","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 4","pages":"802-812"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two is Better Than One: Potentiating Cognitive Remediation With Aerobic Exercise to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia With a Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Giulia Agostoni, Federica Repaci, Margherita Bechi, Irene Calzavara Pinton, Mariachiara Buonocore, Marco Spangaro, Jacopo Sapienza, Francesca Martini, Elisabetta D'Antoni, Beatrice Giglio, Federica Cocchi, Carmelo Guglielmino, Antonio Vita, Roberto Cavallaro, Giacomo Deste, Marta Bosia","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1854","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia, for which pharmacological interventions have limited efficacy. Cognitive remediation (CR) is the gold standard for addressing cognitive deficits, yet its effect remains in the low-to-medium range, thus enhanced treatment approaches are needed. Emerging evidence supports the cognitive benefits of Aerobic Exercise (AE), suggesting that a combined intervention of AE and CR could lead to greater cognitive enhancements. This study aims at evaluating, with a randomized controlled trial, cognitive improvements following a combined intervention of CR+AE, compared to either CR or AE alone in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty patients with schizophrenia were randomized into three groups (AE, CR, or CR+AE), and assessed for cognition, with the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery at baseline, post-intervention, and at a 3-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CR+AE group showed significantly greater improvements in several domains including attention (p = 0.02), verbal learning (p = 0.03), and working memory (p = 0.04) compared to CR group, as well as processing speed (p = 0.002), verbal learning (p = 0.03), and working memory (p = 0.05) compared to AE group. At 3-months follow-up, evaluating CR+AE vs CR, further significant improvements were observed for social cognition (p = 0.01) in the CR+AE group, as well as for processing speed (p = 0.03) in the CR group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While preliminary, these findings suggest that a combined intervention of CR+AE allows greater improvements across core cognitive domains. In a wider perspective, this study also underscores the potential value of implementing aerobic exercise in rehabilitative approaches aimed at addressing cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 4","pages":"648-657"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Cognitive Function, Quality of Life, and Sleep Disorders in Children With Depression.","authors":"Li Xu, Yuewei Chen, Meili Liu, Huiwen He, Yanmei Shen, Jianhui Xie","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1866","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children with depression frequently experience sleep disorders, which may significantly impact their cognitive function and quality of life. Investigating the relationship between sleep quality, cognitive performance, and quality of life in this population is essential for developing targeted interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From February 2022 to January 2024, 78 children diagnosed with depression at the Hunan Children's Hospital were assessed using the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17). Based on their HAMD-17 scores, participants were categorized into mild, moderate, and severe depression groups, with 26 children in each group. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), cognitive function was assessed via the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and quality of life was measured using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Correlations between PSQI, WCST, and SF-36 scores were analyzed for all groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the control group, the depression group of children with depression had significantly higher levels of depression and significantly lower levels of quality of life, sleep quality, and cognitive function (p < 0.05). Further analysis showed that sleep quality in children with depression worsened with increasing severity of depression, as evidenced by a gradual increase in PSQI scores (p < 0.05). Cognitive function assessment (WCST scores) revealed that with increasing depression severity, the number of classifications completed by children decreased, while the total number of errors, perseverative errors, and non-perseverative errors all significantly increased (p < 0.001). Quality of life assessment (SF-36 scores) showed that increasing depressive symptoms significantly affected the quality of life of children, with an overall significant decrease in scores (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis further revealed that cognitive function was closely related to sleep quality in children with depression. Specifically, the number of classifications completed was significantly negatively correlated with PSQI scores (r = -0.5534, p < 0.0001), while the total number of errors, perseverative errors, and non-perseverative errors were all significantly positively correlated with PSQI scores (r = 0.6769, 0.6988, and 0.6937, respectively, all p < 0.0001). In addition, four dimensions of quality of life (social function, physical function, role function, and cognitive function) were all significantly negatively correlated with sleep quality (r = -0.6866, -0.5309, -0.5823, -0.5698, respectively, all p < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Poor sleep quality in children with depression is positively correlated with poor cognitive function and poor quality of life. Routine evaluation of sleep disturbances in this population can provide critical insights for timely intervention and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 4","pages":"693-700"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Esketamine on Post-Partum Depression in Patients With Different Personality Types Undergoing Caesarean Section: Randomised Controlled Trial.","authors":"Mei Luo, Ni Tang, Yang Guo, Di Fan, Xiaobin Wang","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1965","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As an intravenous general anaesthetic, esketamine has rapid and evident antidepressant effects and therefore helps prevent post-partum depression (PPD). This study aimed to observe the effect of intraoperative esketamine application on patients with PPD undergoing caesarean section and to explore whether this effect varies among patients with different personality types.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 280 patients who underwent elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia were randomly divided into esketamine and control groups. On the day before the surgery, each patient was assessed using the Edinburgh Post-partum Depression Scale (EPDS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Additionally, the pressure-pain threshold was measured. The esketamine group received a single intravenous injection of esketamine at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg (diluted to 5 mL and administered intravenously within 10 min after foetus removal). The control group received 5 mL of 0.9% normal saline. The primary outcome was PPD incidence, assessed using the EPDS on the 3rd post-operative day. The secondary outcomes included post-operative pain score and esketamine safety assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistically significant differences in PPD incidence were observed among patients with different personality types (introverted unstable, 66.70%; extroverted unstable, 45.50%; extroverted stable, 19.40%; and introverted stable, 15.00%, p < 0.05). The patients with an extroverted-stable personality in the esketamine group had a lower PPD incidence than those in the control group (11.90% vs. 25.70%, p < 0.05). No statistical difference in total PPD incidence was observed between the two groups (35.7% vs. 29.3%, p > 0.05). Pain scores in the esketamine group were lower than those in the control group while at rest (4, 24 and 48 h) and during movement (4 and 8 h) after surgery (p < 0.05). The mean arterial pressure and heart rate in the esketamine group were higher than those in the control group during surgery (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A single intravenous administration of esketamine had no apparent effect on the overall PPD incidence among patients undergoing caesarean section. It may have a beneficial effect in reducing PPD incidence in patients with an extroverted-stable personality.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2100050976, 09/09/2021, http://www.chictr.org.cn.</p>","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 4","pages":"766-777"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}