Actas espanolas de psiquiatria最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of the Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment and its Influencing Factors in the Elderly Population in Huzhou City.","authors":"Weiliang He, Zheli Chen, Liang Xu, Fei Fang, Xin Zu, Xilong Jin, Jing Chen","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i3.1722","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i3.1722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a critical stage in the development of Alzheimer's disease, and early intervention in patients during this stage may reverse or delay their disease progression. As one of the regions with severe aging in China, it is necessary to understand the prevalence of MCI in Huzhou and adopt effective intervention measures. The study was aimed to investigate the prevalence rate and influencing factors of MCI in the elderly population in Huzhou city.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 800 elderly residents of Huzhou city. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the activity of daily living (ADL) were used to assess the occurrence of MCI in the elderly. The influencing factors of MCI were investigated by univariate analysis and multi-factor analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 800 questionnaires were sent out in this survey, and 778 were effectively collected, with an effective recovery rate of 97.25%. Among 778 elderly people in Huzhou city, 668 had normal cognitive function, 82 had MCI, and 28 had dementia, the prevalence rate of MCI was 10.54% (82/778). According to the presence or absence of MCI, the patients were divided into an MCI group (n = 82) and a non-MCI group (n = 668). Female (p = 0.026), high age (p = 0.009), low Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSI-D) score (p = 0.007), high Dementia Screening Questionnaire (AD8) score (p < 0.001), high Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-9) score (p = 0.037) were all risk factors for MCI in the urban elderly population of Huzhou City.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of MCI in the elderly population in Huzhou City is high, and its occurrence is closely related to many factors. It is necessary to increase attention to the high-risk population of MCI and implement targeted intervention measures to improve their cognitive function and improve the quality of life of the elderly population.</p>","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 3","pages":"526-534"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12069909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation of the Oxytocin System in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Improves Stress-Induced Postpartum Depression-Like Behavior in Rats.","authors":"Jingjing Dang, Huihui Kuai, Siqi Zhou, Shanshan Guo, Jingyi Sheng, Zhiping Wang","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i3.1773","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i3.1773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oxytocin (OT) is a key molecule that not only acts as a uterine-contracting hormone during delivery but is also a critical maternal hormone that enables the social transmission of maternal behavior. Postpartum depression (PPD) is a series of depression-like symptoms that occur especially in women in the perinatal period and is accompanied by the failure to adapt to motherhood as well as impaired parent-infant bonding. However, the mechanism by which OT regulates PPD is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between OT levels in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and PPD and to explore the potential mechanism underlying the involvement of the OT system in the regulation of PPD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We induced perinatal chronic stress in pregnant rats to establish a PPD model. OT levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and PVN were measured throughout the perinatal period. We administered the chemogenetic virus hM3Dq into the PVN, intraperitoneally injected N-oxyclozapine to activate OT-secreting neurons, and observed the effects of OT treatment on behaviors related to PPD. Finally, we investigated the potential mechanism underlying PPD regulation by the OT system via transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence (IF), and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with those in the normal group, CSF oxytocin levels in the postpartum depression group decreased from late pregnancy to lactation (p < 0.001). Chemogenetic activation-induced endogenous OT release in the PVN not only alleviated PPD-like symptoms in rats but also enhanced the intracellular production of OT. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an increase in the size of the Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and dense vesicles within OT neurons. IF and qRT-PCR revealed elevated OT levels and increased oxytocin expression within the PVN following chemogenetic activation (p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lower OT levels are strongly associated with the occurrence of PPD. The release of activated OT has been shown to improve PPD-like behaviors in rats and promote intracellular OT synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 3","pages":"504-515"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12069912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duloxetine: The Next Gold Standard for Treating Depression and Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease?","authors":"Guilherme Nobre Nogueira","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i3.1864","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i3.1864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>No abstract present.</p>","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 3","pages":"638-639"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12069917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Omicron-related Stress on Mental Health in the General Population of China.","authors":"WenYan Zhao, YuLiang Zhou, YingYing Hu, Jing Wang, Hong Zhu, YaHong Li, ZhiPeng Xu","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i3.1831","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i3.1831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Outbreaks of infectious disease represent unique stressors for the general population. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of mental health symptoms and associated risk factors in the general population of China during the Omicron wave.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional and large sample online survey during the surge of Omicron cases between 17 December 2022 and 8 January 2023 among Chinese citizens. Then we assessed the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, depression, insomnia, acute stress disorder, and resilience levels, in the general population of China during the Omicron pandemic by utilizing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) anxiety scale (CAS), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Insomnia Severity Index scale (ISI), the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SASRQ), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify demographic and Omicron-related risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 2800 respondents across 32 provinces and autonomous regions on the Chinese mainland participated in this survey; 1133 (40.5%) were male, and 1860 (66.4%) were 40 years-of-age or younger. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, insomnia, and acute stress disorder was 52%, 58.3%, 45.2%, and 34.8%, respectively. After adjustment for covariates, female gender, a younger age, being unmarried, low income, and a non-medical post were all associated with mental health problems. During the course of infection, participants had a higher risk of developing symptoms of anxiety (odds ratio [OR]: 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.57; p = 0.028), depression (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.44-2.16; p < 0.001), insomnia (OR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.57-2.42, p < 0.001) and acute stress disorder (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.25-1.93, p = 0.001). In addition, we found that a lower resilience among participants was associated with a higher risk of anxiety, depression, insomnia, and acute stress disorder (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Omicron-related stress had a profound effect on the mental health of the general population of China, especially among those infected during the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and with lower resilience. Our findings suggest that mental health can be improved during a pandemic by increasing resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 3","pages":"464-475"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12069919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol Use Disorder Following Bariatric Surgery: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Farhana Nazmin, Sasidhar Gunturu, Sanobar Jaka, Saidur Rahman","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i3.1830","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i3.1830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the incidence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) after bariatric surgery and the associated risk factors and specific manifestations of increased AUD risk, such as increased alcohol sensitivity and earlier symptom onset.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review adhered to PRISMA guidelines. Data were sourced from PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Science.gov using search terms related to alcohol, bariatric surgery, and nutrition. Articles were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria were English language articles published from 2013-present, availability in full text or open access, and adult patients (≥18 years) who had bariatric surgery. Exclusion criteria were non-English articles, articles written before 2013, unavailable full text or open access, articles that featured pediatric patients or patients who did not use alcohol or had bariatric surgery, and abstracts or opinion pieces. A final total of 11 studies were found.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Studies published from 2013 to the present that involved adult bariatric surgery patients with a history of alcohol consumption.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings suggest an elevated risk of AUD post-bariatric surgery, particularly following sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. There was strong evidence of increased alcohol sensitivity and AUD symptoms post-surgery, causing potential health effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results underscore the importance of comprehensive preoperative assessments and tailored interventions for bariatric surgery patients with AUD.</p>","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 3","pages":"605-615"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12069904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143951856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Combined Effects of EEG Biofeedback and Olanzapine on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Cardiac Function, and Cognitive Function in Patients With Schizophrenia.","authors":"Weiwen Xu, Yaping Chen, Weifang Yang","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i3.1823","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i3.1823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a chronic mental disorder characterized by severe impairments in the daily functioning and social interactions of the patient. Compared to conventional pharmacological interventions, electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback offers stable and sustained effects and reduces susceptibility to relapse. This study aimed to investigate the impact of EEG biofeedback combined with olanzapine (OLZ) on glucose and lipid metabolism, cardiac function, and cognitive ability in SCZ patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of 66 SCZ patients who received treatment at Taizhou Second Peoples' Hospital between June 2023 and March 2024. The patients were categorized into groups based on their treatment regimens: a single group (n = 30) and a combined therapy group (EEG biofeedback + OLZ, n = 36). Treatment efficacy and adverse reactions were compared between the groups. Key parameters assessed included glucose and lipid metabolism [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG)], electrocardiographic (ECG) findings [T-wave changes, ST-segment changes, sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, and other abnormalities], symptom severity [Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)], and cognitive function [Insight and Treatment Attitudes Questionnaire (ITAQ)] before and after treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total effective rate in the combined therapy group (91.67%) was significantly higher than in the single group (73.33%) (p < 0.05). Post-treatment, both groups exhibited significantly lower TC and FPG levels and higher TG levels compared to pre-treatment values (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between groups in these metabolic indices (p > 0.05). Similarly, no significant differences in ECG abnormalities were detected between groups, either pre- or post-treatment (p > 0.05). The combined therapy group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in general psychopathological symptoms, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and PANSS scores, as well as significantly higher ITAQ scores compared to the single group (p < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions did not significantly differ between the single group (6.67%) and the combined therapy group (13.89%) (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EEG biofeedback combined with OLZ improves psychiatric symptoms and cognitive function of SCZ patients compared to OLZ monotherapy. Notably, the combined therapy does not exacerbate ECG abnormalities, metabolic indices, or adverse reactions, indicating a favorable safety profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 3","pages":"570-577"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12069907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evaluation of the Adjunctive Therapeutic Value of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Therapy for Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Induced Moderate Depression.","authors":"Zeyu Zheng, Jing Han","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i3.1749","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i3.1749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) presents a substantial challenge for patients, impacting their physical and psychological well-being. Patients may experience moderate depression, anxiety, and reduced quality of life due to the disease and its treatments. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed the adjunctive therapeutic potential of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) therapy for NPC patients with moderate depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Psychological parameters were assessed using standardized scales, including the Hamilton Depression Scale-17 (HAMD-17), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the Short-From-12 Health Survey (SF-12), and Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Statistical analyses were performed to compare the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 131 patients including 67 patients with control group and 64 patients with Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction therapy group were included. After 8 weeks of treatment, the MBSR therapy group showed significant improvements in psychological parameters, including depression, anxiety, perceived stress, quality of life, and mindfulness attention awareness (p < 0.05), compared to the control group. Additionally, the MBSR therapy group reported significantly higher overall satisfaction with treatment, willingness to recommend treatment, and perceived benefit from treatment (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study findings support the adjunctive therapeutic value of MBSR therapy in improving psychological outcomes and patient satisfaction among individuals with NPC-induced moderate depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 3","pages":"516-525"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12069915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Impact of rTMS in Combination With Antidepressant Medications on Residual Symptoms in Acute Depression.","authors":"Hong Dai, Conghao Sun, Jinfeng Fei, Baohua Song","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i3.1860","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i3.1860","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;After several rounds of optimized pharmacotherapy, approximately one-third of patients with depression still exhibit residual symptoms (RS). While repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an established non-invasive treatment for depression, its effectiveness in treating RS associated with depression remains unclear. This study investigated the effectiveness of different frequencies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulatio rTMS combined with antidepressant drugs in treating RS of acute depression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This retrospective study included 110 acute depression patients hospitalized in the Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital between April 2020 and April 2022. The clinical data were analyzed, and patients were divided into a control group (n = 31 cases), a low-frequency rTMS (LF-rTMS) group (n = 37 cases), and a high-frequency rTMS (HF-rTMS) group (n = 42 cases). The control group received antidepressant medicines, the LF-rTMS group was treated with LF-rTMS stimulation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in addition to standard antidepressant medication, and the HF-rTMS group was given HF-rTMS stimulation of the left DLPFC. These treatment modalities were continued for four weeks. Additionally, the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS-16), the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-24), and the number of RS were observed before and after treatment in the three groups, and the clinical effectiveness rates were monitored across these three experimental groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;After treatment, the total QIDS-16 score, the number of RS, and the total HAMD-24 score were significantly decreased among the three groups compared to the before-treatment levels (p &lt; 0.05). Both the LF-rTMS and HF-rTMS groups exhibited lower QIDS-16 scores, fewer RS, and lower HAMD-24 total scores than the control group (p &lt; 0.05). Following treatment, all three groups demonstrated a significant decrease in the QIDS-16 sleep scores for sleep onset, nighttime sleep, early morning awakening, and sleep duration compared to pre-treatment levels (p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the LF-rTMS group had lower post-treatment scores for sleep onset and nighttime sleep than the HF-rTMS group (p &lt; 0.05). Conversely, the HF-rTMS group exhibited lower scores for early morning awakening and sleep duration than the LF-rTMS group (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, both the LF-rTMS and HF-rTMS groups showed higher clinical effectiveness rates than the control group (p &lt; 0.05).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Our findings showed that HF-rTMS targeting left DLPFC and LF-rTMS targeting right DLPFC could effectively alleviate clinical symptoms in patients with RS of acute depression, thereby increasing the efficacy rate of treatment. However, regarding the sleep disorder factors evaluated by the QIDS-16, there were differences in the emphasis of improvements between HF-rTMS targetin","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 3","pages":"456-463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12069910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidepressants in Bipolar Depression: From Neurotransmitter Mechanisms to Clinical Challenges.","authors":"Simone Pardossi, Andrea Fagiolini, Alessandro Cuomo","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i3.1880","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i3.1880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by the occurrence of manic/hypomanic and depressive episodes, with the latter having a significant impact on morbidity, mortality and overall quality of life. Current guidelines for bipolar depression provide limited treatment options, with only a few approved therapies. Despite these limitations, approximately 50-60% of individuals diagnosed with BD are prescribed antidepressants. However, the use of these medications remains controversial due to risks of manic induction, rapid cycling, and symptom destabilization. This review explores the neurotransmitter mechanisms underpinning the phases of BD, focusing on monoamines and assessing the efficacy and safety of different antidepressant medications in the treatment of bipolar depression. Norepinephrine and dopamine have been identified as neurotransmitters associated with both depressive and manic poles, with a proposed deficit in depression and an increase in mania. The evidence indicates that serotonin is deficient during depressive phases, yet its imbalance also manifests in mania. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which primarily increase serotonin levels, are generally safer than tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and show promising-though not definitive-results, especially when combined with mood stabilizers. Other newer-generation antidepressants may also have potential for the treatment of bipolar depression. The heterogeneity of mood disorders poses a significant challenge in the diagnosis of BD, which is often ambiguous and complex. The natural mood fluctuations associated with BD, in conjunction with the frequent comorbidities such as anxiety, render the treatment of this condition particularly challenging, particularly in the context of antidepressant therapy. While clinical trials are conducted with the utmost rigor, they frequently fail to account for the intricacies of the real-world context due to the strict inclusion criteria. The identification of predictors of effective antidepressant use, such as symptom severity and comorbid conditions, has the potential to enhance treatment outcomes. Future research should aim to identify individualized predictors and deepen understanding of mood disorder spectra to optimize antidepressant use in bipolar depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 3","pages":"621-631"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12069913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Psychomotor Agitation Constraint Method: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Shengnan Zhu, Jing Liu, Aili Cao, Fan Jiang, Rui Wang","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i3.1997","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i3.1997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psychomotor agitation is a common psychiatric disorder that often requires physical restraint, consuming significant healthcare resources. Assessing the clinical importance of the correct method of physical restraint for patients with psychomotor agitation presents a challenge for physicians and researchers. This review aims to assess the use of physical restraints in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and other departments, identifying potential factors influencing their use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two independent researchers conducted a computerized search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases for literature related to methods of psychomotor agitation restraint. The review focused on the methods of inhibiting psychomotor agitation in the ICU.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of seven papers met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. The restraint rates among patients ranged from 8.7% to 59.07%. Factors influencing patient restraint included gender, marital status, mental and behavioral disorders, emergency referrals, and the use of mechanical ventilation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Restraint is frequently used among patients, particularly among the elderly, males, and those with disorders of consciousness or social relationship issues. This review identifies several factors influencing restraint rates in patients with psychomotor agitation, highlighting the need for further research to develop targeted interventions aimed at reducing the necessity for physical restraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 3","pages":"598-604"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12069908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}