Actas espanolas de psiquiatria最新文献

{"title":"Description of Motor Stereotypies in Adolescents and Adults With Autistic Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"María Gema Hurtado Ruíz, María Jesús Arranz Calderón, Víctor Pérez Solá, Amaia Hervás Zúñiga","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1917","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Motor stereotypies (MS) are highly prevalent in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and, although they tend to decrease with age, may persist into adulthood. The primary objective of this study was to describe the frequency, severity, number, and types of MS in adolescents and adults with ASD, to retrospectively evaluate their evolution over time, as well as to examine their relationship with sociodemographic and clinical variables.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of 90 adolescents and adults with ASD were included in a cross-sectional and retrospective study. Rojahn's Stereotypic Behavior Scale (SBS) was used to measure the frequency, severity, and types of MS, while the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) inventories were utilized to assess psychiatric comorbidity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MS were observed in 86.5% of cases. The most frequent MS in adolescents and adults with ASD were complex hand and finger movements and pacing (both of which were the most persistent over time) and repetitive body movements (which decreased in periodicity over time). Other, more socially inappropriate MS diminished over time. A significant reduction in the frequency and severity of MS was observed. No correlation was found between age and frequency of MS, and no differences were observed between men and women. Individuals with ASD and intellectual disability (ID) exhibited more types of MS per case and more frequent MS than those without ID, although these differences were not statistically significant. The ASD group with psychopathological comorbidities showed greater frequency and severity of MS, as well as more types of MS per case.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MS decreased in frequency and severity over time but persisted in ASD, particularly those that are more specific to ASD. The most socially inappropriate MS tended to disappear. The presence of MS in adolescents and adults with ASD was not influenced by age or sex. Adolescents and adults with ASD and ID or psychopathological comorbidities exhibited a greater variety of stereotypies, with the psychopathological comorbidities group showing higher frequency and severity of MS. Understanding the characteristics of MS could aid in predicting their progression, designing more targeted treatments (if needed), and identifying phenotypic subgroups to facilitate the discovery of associated risk genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 4","pages":"715-729"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Attachment in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Alexandra Sonfelianu, Francisco González-Sala, Laura Lacomba-Trejo","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1928","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Attachment styles may exert an influence on emotional regulation, specifically, secure attachment has been associated with more adaptative emotion regulation strategies and enhanced adult well-being. Despite the recognized importance of secure attachment in promoting mental health and well-being, little is known about how attachment styles manifest and evolve in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This systematic review examines \"What is the connection between attachment styles and psychological, relational, and clinical variables in individuals with ASD or autistic traits, according to scientific research?\".</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search, adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, was performed across PubMed, Web of Science and ProQuest Central databases. Using HubMeta, 12 studies were selected based on set criteria. Two independent reviewers conducted the entire process, from searching and selecting studies to extracting data and assessing quality. Inter-rater agreement was high, with kappa values ranging from 0.94 to 1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample included 91,078 (98.99%) women and 346 (0.38%) men. Studies assessed attachment, ASD or autistic traits (Broader Autism Phenotype, BAP), intelligence quotient (IQ), depression, anxiety, stress, marital and relationship satisfaction, emotional availability and intelligence, empathy, ASD difficulties, personality traits and motivational processes, and gaming disorder. Individuals with ASD show higher rates of insecure attachment than general population and this could have an impact on their mental health and well-being. Parents with ASD also show difficulties when establishing the bond with their children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review highlights the importance of developing interventions with adults with ASD with the aim to establish better bonding and reaching greater well-being and mental health. The PROSPERO Registration: CRD42024628086, (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024628086).</p>","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 4","pages":"813-838"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Contribution of Neuropsychoanalysis to Clinical Practice in Psychiatry.","authors":"Tennyson Lee, Mathieu Norton-Poulin, Andrea Clarici","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1953","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>No abstract present.</p>","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 4","pages":"927-929"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Correlation between Inflammatory Factors and Epileptic Seizures: A Meta-analysis.","authors":"Changqing Cao, Jing Mu, Guiying Hu, Yali Wang, Yigu Gong","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1790","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The pathophysiological mechanisms and relevant biological markers for epileptic seizures largely remained unknown. However, several studies have reported elevated levels of inflammatory factors in the serum of individuals with epileptic seizures. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationship between inflammatory factors and epileptic seizures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrieved relevant literature published in various databases, including Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China Wanfang, HowNet, Chinese Biomedical Literature, and VIP, from inception to December 2023. The relationship between inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and epileptic seizure was assessed. The selected manuscripts were evaluated based on the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and relevant data were extracted for meta-analysis using Rev Man 5.0 software (RevMan, Oxford, UK) and Stata 12.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed that individuals with epileptic seizures had significantly elevated levels of IL-1β (random-effects model, Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) = 1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [1.17, 2.56], I2 = 96.6%, p = 0.010), IL-6 (SMD = 1.73, 95% CI = [0.41, 3.05], I2 = 96.9%, p = 0.010), and TNF-α (random-effects model, SMD = 2.16, 95% CI = [1.13, 3.18], I2 = 96.5%, p = 0.010). Moreover, the subgroup analysis indicated significant differences between the two groups for the country (origin of publication) (SMD = 1.87, 95% CI = [1.17, 2.56], I2 = 96.6%, p < 0.001), sampling time (SMD = 1.87, 95% CI = [1.17, 2.56], I2 = 96.6%, p = 0.010), and sample source (SMD = 1.87, 95% CI = [1.17, 2.56], I2 = 96.6%, p = 0.010).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels are increased in individuals with epileptic seizures, which could serve as effective biomarkers for epileptogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 4","pages":"902-913"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation Between Serum Amisulpride Concentration, Therapeutic Efficacy, and Glycolipid Metabolism in the Treatment of Adult Female Schizophrenia.","authors":"Yajun Lin, Weidong Xu, Lulu Yu, Yingying Chen","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1806","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Amisulpride is a novel atypical antipsychotic (AAP) with slower absorption, metabolism, and excretion in females, potentially leading to elevated plasma concentrations. This study aimed to explore the correlation between serum amisulpride levels and therapeutic efficacy, glycolipid metabolism and side effects in adult female patients with schizophrenia (SCH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted involving 122 adult female SCH patients admitted to the Third People's Hospital of Yongkang between January 2020 and January 2022. Fasting venous blood samples were collected at baseline and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks post-treatment with amisulpride. Key parameters measured included serum amisulpride concentration, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and side effect scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum amisulpride levels significantly increased at 2, 4, and 8 weeks compared to the first week (p < 0.05), while BPRS scores significantly decreased at all time points compared to those before treatment (p < 0.05). A strong negative correlation was observed between amisulpride concentration and BPRS scores (r = -0.948, p < 0.001). Significant alterations in fasting blood glucose, TC, TG, HDL, and LDL levels were observed post-treatment (p < 0.05). Serum amisulpride concentration negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose, TC, and LDL (r = -0.622, -0.160, -0.796, respectively, p < 0.001) and positively correlated with TG (r = 0.447, p < 0.001). Side effects scores increased significantly after 2, 4, and 8 weeks compared to the first week (p < 0.05), with amisulpride concentration positively correlating with side effects scores (r = 0.739, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum amisulpride levels in female SCH patients are closely correlated with therapeutic efficacy, glycolipid metabolism and incidence of side effects, respectively. Monitoring serum concentrations may provide valuable insights for guiding personalized medication management and optimize treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 4","pages":"640-647"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Serological Markers and Brain Structural Changes in Early Clinical Stage of Alzheimer's Disease in Cold Regions.","authors":"Changhao Yin, Lingyu Chen, Jianhang Wang, Weina Zhao","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1936","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represent early clinical manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent research has highlighted serum markers and changes in brain structure as promising tools for diagnosing cerebral disorders. This study investigated serum biomarkers and brain structural changes in the early clinical stage of AD affected individuals residing in a cold region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical data from patients with SCD or MCI and from normal controls, who were tested at Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical College from January 2018 to December 2023, were retrospectively analysed. According to clinical classification, the patients were categorised into SCD (n = 60), MCI (n = 60) and normal control groups (n = 70). The magnetic resonance imaging data, serum levels of amyloid β 1-40/42, exosomal miRNA (34a/34c/135a) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype were collected and analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean diffusivity values in the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, inferior longitudinal bundle, right inferior fronto-occipital tract and posterior cingulate gyrus in the SCD group decreased relative to those of the MCI group (all p < 0.05). Conversely, the fractional anisotropy values in the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, inferior fronto-occipital tract, inferior longitudinal tract and posterior cingulate gyrus in the SCD group increased (all p < 0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the MCI and SCD groups showed elevated levels of serum Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 and exosomal miRNA-34a and miRNA-34c (all p < 0.05) and decreased exosomal miRNA-135a expression (p < 0.05). The serum levels of Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42 and exosomal miRNA-34a and miRNA-34c in the SCD group were lower than those in the MCI group (all p < 0.05), whereas miRNA-135a level was higher (p < 0.05). The proportions of ApoE ε3/3 in the normal control group was the highest (62.86%), and the proportions of ApoE ε2/4, ε3/4 and ε4/4 in the MCI group were the highest (38.33%, 26.67% and 10.00%, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Changes in brain structure and serum biomarkers (miRNAs and Aβ) are evident in the early stages of AD, and the proportion of ApoE alleles vary in early AD. These findings may contribute to the development of an early recognition model for AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 4","pages":"669-682"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Exercise Intervention on Cognitive Function and Quality of Life With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Benben Cai, Yingying Miao, Jiajia Zhao, Xiaoming Ying, Weiqiang Lin","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.2040","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.2040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Physical exercise may confer benefits on cognitive function and quality of life in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the evidence has not been co mprehensively synthesized. This study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise intervention on cognitive function and quality of life with ASD, and provide evidence to support the scientific use of exercise interventions in practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched major databases from inception to November 2023 for randomized trials and observational studies examining exercise interventions in children with ASD. Mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Risk of bias was evaluated with the Cochrane tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteenth studies were included. Meta-analysis of 8 randomized trials found a small but significant effect of exercise on social communication (MD: 1.42, 95% CI: 0.21 to 2.6322, p = 0.02, I2 = 29%). The effect on social cognition was also significant (MD: 1.99, 95% CI: 0.18 to 3.80, p = 0.03, I2 = 0%). Influential analysis identified 2 studies as outliers. Leave-one-out analysis showed meta-analysis conclusions were robust. The included studies consistently demonstrated benefits of exercise on sleep, behavioral aspects, motor skills, quality of life, and other outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This meta-analysis provides evidence that exercise interventions may improve core symptoms and functional outcomes in children with ASD. However, small sample sizes and heterogeneity indicate cautious interpretation. Further adequately powered trials are needed to establish optimal exercise programs for managing ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 4","pages":"839-856"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight in Individuals With First-episode Psychosis: Correlates With Symptoms, Neurocognition and Psychosocial Functioning Over Acute and Stable Phases.","authors":"Mar Mamano-Grande, Paola Punsoda-Puche, Victoria Espinosa, Judith Usall, Ana Barajas, Iris Baños, Bernardo Sánchez, Montse Dolz, Susana Ochoa","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1925","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1925","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Poor insight is prevalent in individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and is associated with unfavorable outcomes. Despite distinctions in insight characteristics between FEP and established schizophrenia, further research at this early stage is needed. This research investigates the relationship between insight and psychotic and depressive symptoms in acute and stable phases of FEP, as well as the association between insight, neuropsychological performance, and social functioning in the stable phase. Moreover, we explore how changes in insight correlate with symptom evolution between the two phases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Ninety individuals with FEP were assessed at the acute and/or stable phases of the illness. Insight was assessed using the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD) across three dimensions: insight into having a mental disorder (IMD), insight into the effects of medication (IEM), and insight into the social consequences (ISC) of having a mental disorder. Symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia Scale (CGI-SCH). A battery of cognitive tests was used to assess neurocognition, while social functioning was assessed with the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) and the Disability Assessment Schedule (DAS-sv).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;During the acute phase, poor insight was significantly correlated with increased positive symptoms (IMD: p = 0.002; IEM: p = 0.003; ISC: p = 0.011) and general symptoms (IMD: p = 0.016; IEM p = 0.006). In the stable phase, insight remained significantly correlated with positive (IMD: p &lt; 0.001; IEM: p = 0.010; ISC: p = 0.006) and general symptoms (IMD: p = 0.003; IEM: p = 0.023; ISC: p = 0.018). Negative symptoms (IMD: p = 0.002; IEM: p = 0.004; ISC: p = 0.004) and cognitive symptoms (via CGI-SCH) were also correlated with insight (IMD: p = 0.010; IEM: p = 0.020; ISC: p = 0.015). Neuropsychological performance was significantly associated to insight, with executive functioning correlating with IMD (Trail Making Test-A (TMT-A): p = 0.002; Trail Making Test-B (TMT-B): p = 0.014) and verbal memory correlating with IEM (short-term: p = 0.004; long-term: p = 0.043). Lower cognitive performance was associated with poorer insight (IMD: p = 0.002; IEM: p = 0.037; ISC: p = 0.008). Improved insight in IMD and ISC was associated with higher psychosocial functioning (GAF: p = 0.001; p = 0.005) and lower social disability (DAS-sv: p = 0.012; p = 0.004). Finally, insight improvements correlated with symptom reduction, as a decrease in PANSS positive symptoms was associated with better IMD (p &lt; 0.001), while reduced general symptoms correlated with improved IEM (p = 0.024). IMD was the only dimension influenced by its acute-phase level (p = 0.004).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Understanding the implications of insight in the course and prognosis of psychosis i","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 4","pages":"778-790"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Correlation Between Gray Matter Volume Changes and Cognitive Function Among Alzheimer's Disease Patients: An MRI-Based Analysis.","authors":"Quan Sun, Luping Ma, Lulei Zhao, Mengfei Ye, Shaofeng Zhu, Jie Zhou","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1914","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1914","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction. This study aims to explore changes of gray matter volume and their relationship with cognitive and memory function in AD patients using magnetic resonance imaging-based analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This retrospective study analyzed the clinical data from 80 AD patients (AD group) and 45 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI group) treated in the hospital between January 2021 and December 2022. Furthermore, 43 healthy adults (control group) were also included for comparison. All the participants underwent a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. These three groups were comparatively analyzed for brain MRI imaging characteristics, changes of gray matter volume, as well as their cognitive and memory functions. Based on gray matter volume, AD patients were divided into the low-volume (37 cases) and high-volume (43 cases) groups using the K-mean clustering method. Furthermore, changes of cognitive and memory function across these two subgroups were compared. The correlation among gray matter volume, cognitive, and memory function across AD patients was assessed using Pearson correlation analysis. Additionally, predictive abilities of gray matter volume in severe cognitive impairment were determined employing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The gray matter volume, percentage of gray matter volume, scores of mini-mental state examination (MMSE), and California verbal learning test (CVLT-II) were significantly decreased across the control, MCI, and AD groups (p &lt; 0.05). Compared to the control group, gray matter volume was reduced in the AD and MCI groups. Compared to the high-volume group, gray matter volume, percentage of gray matter volume, scores of MMSE and CVLT-II were decreased in the low-volume group (p &lt; 0.05). Gray matter volume and gray matter volume percentage were positively correlated with scores of MMSE, immediate memory, delayed recall, cue recall, and long-delayed recognition (gray matter volume r = 0.384/0.334/0.308/0.251/0.333; percentage of gray matter volume r = 0.584/0.319/0.299/0.257/0.298; p &lt; 0.001). The area under curve (AUC) for gray matter volume and gray matter volume percentage in predicting severe cognitive impairment were 0.833 (95% CI: 0.747-0.919) and 0.810 (95% CI: 0.715-0.904), respectively (p &lt; 0.001), with sensitivity of 95.24% and 90.48%, and specificity of 66.10% and 67.80%, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;MRI is a useful tool for evaluating changes of gray matter volume in AD patients. The changes in gray matter volume are strongly correlated with cognitive and memory functions, which serve as a reliable predictor of severe cognitive impairment in AD patients. Furthermore, MRI provides robust imaging evidence for identifying AD patients at risk of seve","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 4","pages":"756-765"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Bidirectional Relationship Between FGIDs and Anxiety: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and New Therapeutic Strategies.","authors":"Zhaoxia Liu","doi":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1852","DOIUrl":"10.62641/aep.v53i4.1852","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) encompass a group of disorders characterized by chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms, while anxiety disorders comprise a class of mental disorders primarily characterized by excessive anxiety and fear. Comorbidity of FGIDs and anxiety disorders has been frequently observed in clinical practice; however, the complex bidirectional relationship between these two disorders remains poorly understood. This review aimed to explore the bidirectional relationship between FGIDs and anxiety disorders, elucidate potential pathophysiological mechanisms, and propose novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Through a review of recent literature, significant reciprocal factors that influence these two disorder categories have been identified. The prevalence of anxiety disorders among FGID patients is substantially higher than that in the general population; additionally, FGID symptoms are more prevalent in individuals with anxiety disorders. The core mechanisms underlying this bidirectional relationship likely involve dysfunction of the brain-gut axis, resulting from nervous, endocrine, and immune system dysfunction. Furthermore, intestinal dysbiosis, genetic factors, and early life stress may play crucial roles in this process. In terms of therapeutic strategies, innovative interventions for the effective management of comorbid FGIDs and anxiety disorders are proposed. Specifically, pharmacological interventions, including the use of selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3) receptor antagonists and antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), can alleviate both gastrointestinal and anxiety symptoms, while psychological interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), have also shown efficacy in the reduction of anxiety while significantly improving FGID symptoms. Furthermore, modulation of the gut microbiota through various interventions, such as administration of probiotics and low-Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Mono-saccharides And Polyols (FODMAP) diets, has also been highlighted as a promising direction for future treatment. Given the collected evidence, the most effective approach would most likely be an integrated therapeutic model, which combines pharmacological, psychological, microbiota modulation, and lifestyle management through a multidisciplinary approach, all of which aim to deliver personalized, comprehensive treatment plans. In summary, the current review elucidates the bidirectional relationship, pathophysiological mechanisms, and novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of comorbid FGIDs and anxiety disorders, proposing an integrative diagnostic approach that emphasizes screening for anxiety disorders in FGID patients and assessing gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with anxiety disorders. This comprehensive review aimed to provide a theor","PeriodicalId":7251,"journal":{"name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","volume":"53 4","pages":"914-926"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}