Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)最新文献

{"title":"Reproductive and Hormonal Factors and Thyroid Cancer Risk: Pooled Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies in the Asia Cohort Consortium.","authors":"Sayada Zartasha Kazmi, Aesun Shin, Sarah K Abe, Md Rashedul Islam, Md Shafiur Rahman, Eiko Saito, Sooyoung Cho, Ryoko Katagiri, Melissa A Merritt, Ji-Yeob Choi, Xiao-Ou Shu, Norie Sawada, Akiko Tamakoshi, Ritsu Sakata, Atsushi Hozawa, Seiki Kanemura, Jeongseon Kim, Yumi Sugawara, Sue K Park, Hui Cai, Shoichiro Tsugane, Takashi Kimura, Habibul Ahsan, Paolo Boffetta, Kee Seng Chia, Keitaro Matsuo, You-Lin Qiao, Nathaniel Rothman, Wei Zheng, Manami Inoue, Daehee Kang","doi":"10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-24-0330","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-24-0330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the female predominance of thyroid cancer, particularly in the reproductive age range, female sex hormones have been proposed as an etiology; however, previous epidemiological studies have shown conflicting results. We conducted a pooled analysis using individual data from nine prospective cohorts in the Asia Cohort Consortium to explore the association between 10 female reproductive and hormonal factors and thyroid cancer risk. Using Cox proportional hazards models, cohort-specific hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated and then pooled using a random-effects model. Analyses were stratified by country, birth years, smoking status, and body mass index, and thyroid cancer risk based on age of diagnosis was also examined. Among 259,649 women followed up for a mean of 17.2 years, 1,353 incident thyroid cancer cases were identified, with 88% (n = 1,140) being papillary thyroid cancer. Older age at first delivery (≥26 vs. 21-25 years) was associated with increased thyroid cancer risk (P-trend = 0.003; HR = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.03-1.31), particularly when diagnosed later in life (≥55 vs. < 55 years; P-trend = 0.003; HR = 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02-1.39). Among younger birth cohorts, women with more number of deliveries showed an increased thyroid cancer risk [P-trend = 0.0001, HR = 2.40; 95% CI, 1.12-5.18 (≥5 vs. 1-2 children)], and there was no substantial trend in older cohorts. Distinct patterns were observed for the number of deliveries and thyroid cancer risk across countries, with a significant positive association for Korea [P-trend = 0.0008, HR = 1.89; 95% CI, 1.21-2.94 (≥5 vs. 1-2 children)] and nonsignificant inverse associations for China and Japan. Contextual and macrosocial changes in reproductive factors in Asian countries may influence thyroid cancer risk. Prevention Relevance: This analysis of prospective cohort studies across three Asian countries highlights that older age at first birth is linked to increased thyroid cancer risk. As women delay motherhood, understanding these trends is vital for public health strategies addressing reproductive factors influencing thyroid cancer risk in these populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":72514,"journal":{"name":"Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":"209-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11961320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Evaluation of an Automated Multimodal Mobile Detection of Oral Cancer Imaging System to Aid in Risk-Based Management of Oral Mucosal Lesions.","authors":"Ruchika Mitbander, David Brenes, Jackson B Coole, Alex Kortum, Imran S Vohra, Jennifer Carns, Richard A Schwarz, Ida Varghese, Safia Durab, Sean Anderson, Nancy E Bass, Ashlee D Clayton, Hawraa Badaoui, Loganayaki Anandasivam, Rachel A Giese, Ann M Gillenwater, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Rebecca Richards-Kortum","doi":"10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-24-0253","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-24-0253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral cancer is a major global health problem. It is commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage, although often preceded by clinically visible oral mucosal lesions, termed oral potentially malignant disorders, which are associated with an increased risk of oral cancer development. There is an unmet clinical need for effective screening tools to assist front-line healthcare providers to determine which patients should be referred to an oral cancer specialist for evaluation. This study reports the development and evaluation of the mobile detection of oral cancer (mDOC) imaging system and an automated algorithm that generates a referral recommendation from mDOC images. mDOC is a smartphone-based autofluorescence and white light imaging tool that captures images of the oral cavity. Data were collected using mDOC from a total of 332 oral sites in a study of 29 healthy volunteers and 120 patients seeking care for an oral mucosal lesion. A multimodal image classification algorithm was developed to generate a recommendation of \"refer\" or \"do not refer\" from mDOC images using expert clinical referral decision as the ground truth label. A referral algorithm was developed using cross-validation methods on 80% of the dataset and then retrained and evaluated on a separate holdout test set. Referral decisions generated in the holdout test set had a sensitivity of 93.9% and a specificity of 79.3% with respect to expert clinical referral decisions. The mDOC system has the potential to be utilized in community physicians' and dentists' offices to help identify patients who need further evaluation by an oral cancer specialist. Prevention Relevance: Our research focuses on improving the early detection of oral precancers/cancers in primary dental care settings with a novel mobile platform that can be used by front-line providers to aid in assessing whether a patient has an oral mucosal condition that requires further follow-up with an oral cancer specialist.</p>","PeriodicalId":72514,"journal":{"name":"Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":"197-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11959271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediagnostic Plasma Metabolites Are Associated with Incident Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective Analysis.","authors":"Robert M Wilechansky, Prasanna K Challa, Xijing Han, Xinwei Hua, Alisa K Manning, Kathleen E Corey, Raymond T Chung, Wei Zheng, Andrew T Chan, Tracey G Simon","doi":"10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-24-0440","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-24-0440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite increasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vulnerable populations, accurate early detection tools are lacking. We aimed to investigate the associations between prediagnostic plasma metabolites and incident HCC in a diverse population. In a prospective, nested case-control study within the Southern Community Cohort Study, we conducted prediagnostic LC/MS metabolomic profiling in 150 incident HCC cases (median time to diagnosis, 7.9 years) and 100 controls with cirrhosis. Logistic regression assessed metabolite associations with HCC risk. Metabolite set enrichment analysis identified enriched pathways, and a random forest classifier was used for risk classification models. Candidate metabolites were validated in the UK Biobank (N = 12 incident HCC cases and 24 cirrhosis controls). In logistic regression analysis, seven metabolites were associated with incident HCC (MeffP < 0.0004), including N-acetylmethionine (OR = 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.31-0.66). Multiple pathways were enriched in HCC, including histidine and CoA metabolism (FDR P < 0.001). The random forest classifier identified 10 metabolites for inclusion in HCC risk classification models, which improved HCC risk classification compared with clinical covariates alone (AUC = 0.66 for covariates vs. 0.88 for 10 metabolites plus covariates; P < 0.0001). Findings were consistent in the UK Biobank (AUC = 0.72 for covariates vs. 0.88 for four analogous metabolites plus covariates; P = 0.04), assessed via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Prediagnostic metabolites, primarily amino acid and sphingolipid derivatives, are associated with HCC risk and improve HCC risk classification beyond clinical covariates. These metabolite profiles, detectable years before diagnosis, could serve as early biomarkers for HCC detection and risk stratification if validated in larger studies. Prevention Relevance: Our findings support the need for larger prospective studies examining the role of prediagnostic plasma metabolomics for the preventive management of HCC in diverse patients across multiple etiologies of liver disease. This approach could improve HCC care by identifying metabolic changes years before diagnosis, potentially enhancing screening and early detection practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":72514,"journal":{"name":"Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":"179-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11985065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E6 Seroprevalence among Men Living with HIV without HPV-Driven Malignancies.","authors":"Ashley J Duff, Christopher O Otieno, Li Chen, Kyle Mannion, Michael C Topf, Birgitta E Michels, Julia Butt, Beverly O Woodward, Morgan C Lima, Husamettin Erdem, Michael A Leonard, Megan M Turner, Tim Waterboer, Staci L Sudenga, Krystle A Lang Kuhs","doi":"10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-24-0420","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-24-0420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at a higher risk for developing human papillomavirus-driven oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV + OPSCC). There are no methods for early detection; however, HPV16 E6 antibodies have been identified as a promising early marker. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of HPV16 E6 antibodies among men living with HIV, with secondary objectives of analyzing clinical and serologic predictors of HPV16 E6 seropositivity. Banked blood specimens from 2,320 men ages ≥40 years living with HIV in Tennessee were evaluated for the following HPV16 antibodies: L1, E1, E2, E4, E6, and E7. HPV16 E6 antibody levels were further categorized as moderate or high. Demographic, clinical, and serologic determinants of HPV16 E6 seropositivity were evaluated using logistic regression. HPV16 L1 antibodies were most common (22.8%), followed by E4 (10.5%), E6 (5.6%), E2 (4.8%), and E7 (4.0%). Of the 130 HPV16 E6 seropositives, 55 (2.4%) had moderate and 75 (3.2%) had high seropositivity. HPV16 E6 seropositive men had nearly twofold greater odds of seropositivity against one additional HPV16 E antigen [OR: 1.67 (95% CI, 1.10-2.52); P = 0.015] and more than threefold greater odds of seroreactivity against two additional HPV16 E antigens [OR: 3.21 (95% CI, 1.40-7.33); P = 0.006]. HPV16 E6 seropositivity was not associated with the clinical or demographic factors evaluated. In the largest study to date, HPV16 E6 seroprevalence was elevated compared with prior studies in HIV populations (range: 1.1%-3.2%) and likely reflects the high incidence of HPV + OPSCC in the Southeast region of the United States. Prevention Relevance: Our findings fill an important gap, given that our study is the largest to date to evaluate HPV antibodies among men living with HIV and is the first study to do so in the Southeastern United States, the region with the highest prevalence of both HIV and HPV + OPSCC in the nation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72514,"journal":{"name":"Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":"189-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11961317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic Inflammation and the Inflammatory Context of the Colonic Microenvironment Are Improved by Urolithin A.","authors":"Marmar R Moussa, Nuoxi Fan, John Birk, Anthony A Provatas, Pratik Mehta, Yuichiro Hatano, Ock K Chun, Manije Darooghegi Mofrad, Ali Lotfi, Alexander Aksenov, Vinicius N Motta, Maryam Zenali, Haleh Vaziri, James J Grady, Masako Nakanishi, Daniel W Rosenberg","doi":"10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-24-0383","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-24-0383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diet affects cancer risk, and plant-derived polyphenols exhibit cancer-preventive properties. Walnuts are an exceptional source of polyphenolic ellagitannins, converted into urolithins by gut microflora. This clinical study examines the impact of urolithin metabolism on inflammatory markers in blood and colon polyp tissue. We evaluate the effects of walnut consumption on urinary urolithins, serum inflammatory markers, and immune cell markers in polyp tissues obtained from 39 subjects. Together with detailed food frequency data, we perform integrated computational analysis of metabolomic data combined with serum inflammatory markers and spatial imaging of polyp tissues using imaging mass cytometry. LC/MS-MS analyses of urine and fecal samples identify a widely divergent capacity to form nine urolithin metabolites in this patient population. Subjects with higher urolithin A formation exhibit lower levels of several key serologic inflammatory markers, including C-peptide, soluble form of intracellular adhesion molecule 1, sIL-6R, ghrelin, TRAIL, sVEGFR2, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and MCP-2, alterations that are more pronounced in obese individuals for soluble form of intracellular adhesion molecule 1, epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide 78, leptin, glucagon-like peptide 1, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1δ. There is a significant increase in levels of peptide YY associated with urolithin A formation, whereas TNFα levels show an opposite trend, recapitulated in an in vitro system with ionomycin/phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Spatial imaging of colon polyp tissues shows altered cell cluster patterns, including a significant reduction of vimentin and CD163 expression associated with urolithin A. The ability to form urolithin A is linked to inflammation, warranting further studies to understand the role of urolithins in cancer prevention. Prevention Relevance: We evaluate cancer-protective effects of walnuts via formation of microbe-derived urolithin A, substantiating their functional benefits on serum inflammatory markers and immunologic composition of polyps in normal/obese subjects. Our approach incorporates personalized nutrition within the context of colonic health, providing the rationale for dietary inclusion of walnut ellagitannins for cancer prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":72514,"journal":{"name":"Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":"235-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11979956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-diagnostic serum immune marker levels and multiple myeloma: A prospective longitudinal study using samples from the Janus Serum Bank in Norway.","authors":"Simona Herdenberg, Carl Wibom, Esmeralda J M Krop, Hilde Langseth, Roel Vermeulen, Sophia Harlid, Wendy Yi-Ying Wu, Florentin Späth","doi":"10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-24-0501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-24-0501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple myeloma (MM) is preceded by monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Only a minority of MGUS patients will develop MM, but precise prediction of progression is impossible using routine clinical biomarkers. Changes in the levels of blood immune markers can help predict disease progression. Data remain inconsistent for some markers of interest such as monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fractalkine, and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α). We aimed to investigate the associations between the pre-diagnostic serum levels of these candidate biomarkers and future MM risk, as well as to assess marker changes over time. We performed a nested case-control study using prospective samples from the Janus Serum Bank in Norway to investigate associations between MM risk and pre-diagnostic serum levels of MCP-3, MIP-1α, FGF-2, VEGF, fractalkine, and TGF-α. The study included 293 future MM cases with serum samples collected 20 years (median) before MM diagnosis and 293 matched cancer-free controls. MM patients had an additional pre-diagnostic sample collected up to 42 years before diagnosis to identify marker changes over time. Markers with >60% detection rate (MIP-1α, VEGF, and TGF-α) were included in the statistical analysis. We observed no statistically significant associations between MM risk and serum levels of MIP-1α, VEGF, or TGF-α in samples collected 20 years before diagnosis. However, TGF-α levels decreased significantly closer to the diagnosis in MM patients (p<0.001). The decrease in TGF-α levels may reflect subtle microenvironmental changes related to MM progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":72514,"journal":{"name":"Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editors' Selections from Relevant Scientific Publications.","authors":"","doi":"10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-18-3-HFL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-18-3-HFL","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72514,"journal":{"name":"Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)","volume":"18 3","pages":"109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ursolic Acid as a Protective Agent against UVB-Induced Metabolic and Epigenetic Alterations in Human Skin Keratinocytes: An Omics-Based Study.","authors":"Shanyi Li, Zixin Li, Hsiao-Chen Dina Kuo, Ah-Ng Kong","doi":"10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-24-0441","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-24-0441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to assess how ursolic acid (UA) can protect human skin keratinocytes from damage caused by UVB radiation. Utilizing an omics-based approach, we characterized the features of photodamage and investigated the potential of UA to reverse HaCaT cell subpopulation injury caused by UVB radiation. The most significant changes in metabolite levels after UA treatment were in pathways associated with phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis and arginine and proline metabolism. Treatment with UA can reverse the levels of certain metabolites, including creatinine, creatine phosphate, and succinic acid. Pathways activated by UA treatment in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells were associated with several biological processes, including the positive regulation of protein modification process, cell division, and enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway. Treatment with UA demonstrates the capability to mitigate the effects of UVB radiation on specific genes, including S100 calcium-binding protein A9 and IL6 receptor. DNA/CpG methylation indicates that UA can partially reverse some of the alterations in the UVB-induced CpG methylome. Utilizing integrated RNA sequencing and methylation sequencing data, starburst plots illustrate the correlation between mRNA expression and CpG methylation status. UA potentially influences the metabolic pathway of glycerophospholipid metabolism by modulating the expression of several key enzymes, including phospholipase A2 group IIA and lipin 2. Altogether, these results indicate that UVB radiation induces metabolic reprogramming, epigenetic changes, and transcriptomic shifts. Meanwhile, UA demonstrates the capacity to inhibit or reduce the severity of these alterations, which may underlie its potential protective role against skin damage caused by UVB exposure. Prevention Relevance: Our research indicates that UA has the potential to mitigate or lessen the impact of UVB radiation, which is known to cause metabolic reprogramming, epigenetic alterations, and transcriptomic changes. These effects could be responsible for UA's possible protective function against skin damage induced by UVB exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":72514,"journal":{"name":"Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":"135-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11875927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Antibiotic Use and Subsequent Risk of Breast Cancer: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study in South Korea.","authors":"Jaeyi Hong, Sun Jae Park, Young Jun Park, Seogsong Jeong, Seulggie Choi, Jooyoung Chang, Hye Jun Kim, Jihun Song, Ahryoung Ko, Su Gyeong Kim, Minjung Han, Yoosun Cho, Ji Soo Kim, Yun Hwan Oh, Joung Sik Son, Sang Min Park","doi":"10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-24-0154","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-24-0154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several studies have revealed a possible association between antibiotic use and breast cancer in the Western population of women. However, its association with the Asian population remains unclear. Data utilized in this nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study were obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. The study population consisted of 4,097,812 women who were followed up from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2019. Cox proportional hazards regression was utilized to calculate adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of breast cancer according to cumulative days of antibiotic use and the number of antibiotic classes used. It was discovered that women who used antibiotics for more than 365 days had a higher risk of breast cancer (aHR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.09-1.21) in comparison with those who did not use antibiotics. In addition, an association was found among women who used five or more classes of antibiotics, showing a higher risk of breast cancer (aHR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05-1.17) compared with nonusers. Furthermore, compared with antibiotic nonusers, only users of cephalosporins (aHR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02-1.17) and lincosamides (aHR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.20-2.42) had a higher risk of breast cancer. These findings support epidemiologic evidence that long-term use of antibiotics may be associated with a higher risk of breast cancer. This underscores the need for further studies to address the potential for residual confounding, confirm causation, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Prevention Relevance: This study found a probable duration-dependent association between antibiotic prescriptions and breast cancer risk. The findings indicate that long-term antibiotic use could be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and highlight the need for further research to confirm causality and mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":72514,"journal":{"name":"Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":"125-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nicotine Metabolite Ratio in People with HIV Who Smoke Cigarettes Receiving Pharmacologic and Behavioral Cessation Therapy.","authors":"Jonathan Shuter, Olivia A Davis, Chris deFilippi, Robert H Christenson, Lan Li, Wendy Potts, Seth Himelhoch","doi":"10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-24-0449","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-24-0449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) smoke cigarettes at triple the rate of the general population in the United States. Efforts to increase quit rates in this group have met with limited success. The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) has shown promise as a phenotypic marker that may be useful in selecting the most appropriate cessation treatments for people who smoke cigarettes. We completed a randomized controlled trial of individual intensive counseling and/or varenicline treatment for PWH in the Baltimore area who smoke cigarettes, and we measured serum 3' hydroxycotinine and cotinine at baseline and calculated the ratio of these two values, i.e., the NMR, for each participant. Herein, we present summary statistics and measures of association, or lack thereof, of NMR values with a variety of behavioral parameters and clinical outcomes related to tobacco use and tobacco treatment. The NMR was calculated for 155 PWH who were currently using tobacco cigarettes. The mean age was 52.9 years, 62.3% male, 91.0% Black, and they smoked a mean of 10.6 cigarettes/day. The mean NMR was 0.43, similar to that reported from other PWH cohorts. We did not find any significant correlation between NMR and cigarettes/day, nicotine dependence, temptation to smoke, or nicotine withdrawal symptoms. We did not find that lower NMR was predictive of successful cessation, nor was it associated with varenicline intolerance in those who received varenicline. Prevention Relevance: People with HIV suffer disproportionately from lung, head and neck, and other tobacco-related cancers as a consequence of high smoking rates. There is an urgent need to mitigate this harm, and the use of the NMR to personalize tobacco treatment is an area of active interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":72514,"journal":{"name":"Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":"111-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}