Oxidation of Metals最新文献

{"title":"High-Temperature Oxidation Behaviors of Structural Materials for Very High Temperature Reactors","authors":"Hakan Us,&nbsp;Tushar K. Ghosh,&nbsp;Sudarshan Loyalka","doi":"10.1007/s11085-026-10379-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-026-10379-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The high-temperature oxidation behavior of 316L stainless steel, Alloy 617, and Incoloy 800H—candidate structural materials for advanced energy systems—was systematically investigated in a dry air environment over a wide temperature range relevant to very high temperature reactor (VHTR) applications. Oxidation kinetics were evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while oxide scale morphology, elemental distribution, and phase evolution were characterized by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The results demonstrate that oxidation behavior is strongly temperature dependent and differs significantly among the investigated alloys. 316L stainless steel exhibits the poorest oxidation resistance, characterized by the formation of porous and poorly adherent Fe-rich oxides (Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄) and severe scale degradation at elevated temperatures. Incoloy 800H shows intermediate oxidation performance, forming a protective Cr₂O₃-based scale at temperatures up to approximately 1173 K; however, this protection deteriorates at higher temperatures due to chromium depletion and the increasing dominance of Fe-rich oxides. Alloy 617 forms a continuous and chromia-dominated oxide scale over a broader temperature range, resulting in lower oxidation rates and improved scale stability under the investigated conditions. Parabolic oxidation rate constants were quantitatively determined, confirming predominantly diffusion-controlled oxidation kinetics within the parabolic regime. Arrhenius analysis revealed distinct apparent activation energies for the three alloys, reflecting differences in the temperature sensitivity of oxidation processes. However, the results also indicate that activation energy alone does not directly represent overall oxidation resistance, which is strongly influenced by oxide scale morphology, adhesion, and phase stability. Based on a combined assessment of oxidation kinetics, microstructural evolution, and phase analysis, the oxidation resistance ranking under the specific dry air and short-term isothermal conditions investigated is determined to be Alloy 617&gt; Incoloy 800H &gt; 316L stainless steel. These results provide a comparative assessment of high-temperature oxidation behavior under controlled dry air conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"103 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11085-026-10379-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Sulfur Contamination on the Oxidation Resistance of Recycled Ni-Base Single-Crystal Superalloy PWA1484™","authors":"Chihiro Tabata,&nbsp;Satoshi Utada,&nbsp;Toshio Osada,&nbsp;Kyoko Kawagishi","doi":"10.1007/s11085-026-10383-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-026-10383-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cyclic oxidation behaviors of recycled Ni-base single-crystal superalloy PWA1484™ at 800 and 1100 °C were investigated to understand the effects of impurity S from scrapped turbine blades on the oxidation resistance of recycled blades. Two series of PWA1484™ alloy were prepared; alloys directly recycled from scrapped blades using either a conventional Al₂O₃ crucible or a CaO crucible for melting, and model alloys cast with intentionally added S varying between 6 and 88 ppm. PWA1484™ recycled through CaO crucibles showed improved cyclic and isothermal oxidation resistance at 1100 °C, compared with that recycled through an Al₂O₃ crucible, since calcium–aluminate slags can capture impurity S as CaS during melting. However, PWA1484™ recycled by Al₂O₃ crucible melting showed significant decrease in oxidation resistance at 800 °C. Microstructural and alloy chemistry analyses on two series of alloys suggested that increase in impurity S contents had accelerated the oxidation spallation rates at 1100 °C, while negative impacts such as degradation of oxide layer adhesiveness were limited for cyclic oxidation at 800 °C. These were due to differences in S distribution after oxidation; clear S segregation at the metal/oxide interface was detected at 1100 °C, while no segregation at the interface was observed at 800 °C. Furthermore, the slight changes in main alloying compositions through recycling process also affected the oxidation rate at both temperatures. Our findings show that not only the control of impurity S, but minor compositions adjustment of Al and Cr, which forms the protective oxide layers, are also important for recycling of scrapped blades.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"103 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11085-026-10383-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study and AIMD Simulations on the High-Temperature Corrosion Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel in Atmospheres Containing PH3 and H2S","authors":"Xujie Zhang,&nbsp;Lingyue Meng,&nbsp;Bin Yang,&nbsp;Mingchuan Zhao,&nbsp;Zhiwei Ge,&nbsp;Liejin Guo","doi":"10.1007/s11085-026-10389-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-026-10389-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phosphorus tail gas is extremely corrosive as combustion gas. In this work, the corrosion behavior of three austenitic materials was first studied in a simulated atmosphere (PH₃–H₂S–O₂) of phosphorus tail gas after initial purification. The corrosion behavior was further explored using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Analysis indicated that severe corrosion occurred under oxygen-free conditions, wherein the deep diffusion of S into the substrate played a critical role in sustaining the corrosion process. The enrichment of P was determined by the presence of surface Ni. The presence of oxygen significantly enhanced corrosion resistance by inhibiting PH₃ and H₂S dissociation and promoting the formation of chromium-rich oxides, such as Cr₂O₃ and MnCr₂O₄, with this improvement increasing as chromium content rose. However, when Cr content fell below 17 wt%, the material surface tended to form (Fe, Cr)₃O₄ pits or clusters with poor protective properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"103 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing the 900 °C Hot Corrosion Resistance of M (Ni, Co) CrAlY Type Coatings Under Na2SO4 Deposits Through Systematically Altering Cr and Co Contents and Re-evaluating Cr and Co Effects on Long-Term Hot Corrosion Behavior","authors":"Sercan Soyöz,&nbsp;Cevat Sarıoğlu","doi":"10.1007/s11085-026-10386-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-026-10386-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research was carried out to improve type-I hot corrosion resistance of MCrAlY-type coatings with modifying chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) contents under Na₂SO₄ salt film at 900 °C and re-evaluate the effects of Cr and Co elements on type-I hot corrosion. To evaluate hot corrosion performance, weight change versus time graphs were plotted by tracking changes in sample, total and spallation weights. The initiation stage of hot corrosion was defined by slight weight changes and local attacks where the formation of spinel oxide was observed. The propagation stage was characterized by aggressive weight change, which was directly correlated with the development of a sodium-containing hot corrosion product layer. Surface and cross-section analysis revealed that basic fluxing occurred in both the initiation and propagation stages of hot corrosion. Considering this finding, a mechanism was proposed to explain the relationship between weight change, scale morphology, key reactions and hot corrosion stages. Hot corrosion resistance was not improved by increasing Cr concentration from 22 to 30 wt% in the NiCrAlY coating alloy. Increasing <i>α</i>-Cr phase fraction in the structure was thought to have a detrimental effect on the formation of protective oxide in initiation stage. Conversely, a significant increase in hot corrosion resistance was achieved with the addition of Co (10 and 25 wt%). Increasing Co content led to increased Al₂O₃ scale growth rate and internal oxidation, indicating a reduction in protective scale integrity. In Co-containing alloys, initiation stage was delayed, and propagation stage was not observed until 3024h of exposure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"103 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11085-026-10386-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Pt in Mitigating High-Temperature Corrosion Behavior of NiCoCrAlY Coating Exposed to NaCl and O2/H2O Vapor at 900 °C","authors":"Yanyan Li,&nbsp;Ke Zhang,&nbsp;Chao Dong,&nbsp;Yiming Jiang,&nbsp;Jiemin Wang,&nbsp;Shuai Li,&nbsp;Zebin Bao,&nbsp;Shenglong Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s11085-026-10384-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-026-10384-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In marine environments, chloride salts and high humidity can significantly degrade the performance of Ni-based superalloys. To mitigate corrosion at elevated temperatures, high-temperature protective coatings must be employed on Ni-based superalloys. In this study, NiCoCrAlY and Pt-modified NiCoCrAlY coatings were deposited, and their stability and adaptability were evaluated at 900 °C in a simulated marine environment (containing NaCl+H₂O vapor). The combination of experimental data and calculations provides an in-depth understanding of the corrosion resistance mechanism of both coatings. The results indicated that the Pt-modified NiCoCrAlY coating exhibits enhanced high-temperature corrosion resistance. This improvement is attributed to the introduction of Pt, which promotes the development of a continuous and adherent oxide scale, thereby providing protection against corrosion attack.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"103 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrosion Behavior of Aluminized SS 316 and Hastelloy N in Molten LiF-KF-NaF Salt at 700–800 °C","authors":"Sanjib Majumdar","doi":"10.1007/s11085-026-10381-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-026-10381-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-temperature power generating devices based on molten salt technology require suitable structural materials capable of withstanding severe environmental conditions. Corrosion behavior of bare and aluminide-coated SS 316 and Hastelloy N was investigated using molten fluoride salt mixture comprising of LiF-29.2%, KF-59.8%, and NaF-11% (by weight) at 700 and 800 °C for 100 h in flowing argon atmosphere. Post-corrosion analysis of the samples revealed that both the bare samples (SS316 and Hastelloy N) experienced marginal weight gain at 800 °C. Presence of oxide precipitates formed by internal oxidation was observed in Hastelloy N, whereas a continuous Fe–Cr spinel-type outer oxide layer was detected on bare SS 316 alloy. The coated alloy samples showed reduction in weight after molten salt corrosion at 700 and 800 °C. The samples having lower coating thicknesses were found to show superior resistance against the molten salt attack. The coated samples having higher thicknesses experienced higher weight loss. Although the presence of a protective outer alumina layer was observed in the coated samples after corrosion tests, the reduction in overall weight was found to be due to the selective leaching out of elements from both the coated alloys. Fe₂Al₅ and Ni₂Al₃ phase containing aluminide coatings were formed on SS 316 and Hastelloy N, respectively, using pack aluminizing process. Kinetics of coating growth with the process parameters, for instance pack chemistry, temperature, and time, were established. High-temperature oxidation test revealed the superior oxidation behavior of the coated alloys due to the formation of protective alumina scale.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"103 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the Selective Oxidation of Cr in Fe-Cr-Ni Alloys Under Extra Low Oxygen Partial Pressure: Experimental and First-Principles Study","authors":"Guangming Cao,&nbsp;Hengxiang Yu,&nbsp;Qinglong Li,&nbsp;Haohong Wu,&nbsp;Hongbing Wang,&nbsp;Yujia Liu,&nbsp;Ning Liu,&nbsp;Silin Li","doi":"10.1007/s11085-026-10378-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-026-10378-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In situ observation of Fe-Cr-Ni alloys at 1100 °C under Ar using Laser confocal microscopy (LSCM), combined with electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) and X-ray diffractometer (XPS) analysis, presents preferential selective oxidation of Cr to form Cr₂O₃. Oxide nucleation initiates at grain boundaries and evolves into spot-like and island-like structures with extended oxidation time. Thermodynamics and elemental diffusion kinetics analysis suggest that the sequence of Gibbs free energy for oxide formation is Cr₂O₃, Fe₃O₄, Fe₂O₃, and NiO. Moreover, the faster diffusion rates at grain boundaries compared to the bulk matrix drive preferential Cr oxidation and accumulation at these sites. First-principles calculations comparing Cr-doped <i>γ</i>-Fe (111) with undoped <i>γ</i>-Fe (111) show reduced adsorption energy and density of states for the doped surface, with the B-H site identified as the optimal Cr adsorption location. Cr doping also enhances O₂ molecule dissociation efficiency, and hybridization of Cr p-orbitals with O d-orbitals provides evidence for Cr increased tendency toward selective oxidation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"103 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-Dependent Power-Law Analysis of Corrosion Kinetics of Duplex Stainless Steels in Molten Carbonate Salts","authors":"Makoto Itoh","doi":"10.1007/s11085-026-10380-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-026-10380-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The corrosion kinetics of duplex stainless steels DS2205 and DS2507 in molten carbonate salt at <span>(T = 500,^{circ }textrm{C})</span> and <span>(T = 600,^{circ }textrm{C})</span> are examined using a time-dependent power-law (TDPW) formulation that explicitly incorporates two characteristic time constants to distinguish early-stage and long-term corrosion behavior. Previously reported oxide scale thickness data are reanalyzed to assess the limitations of conventional power-law approaches based on time-independent growth exponents. The analysis shows that the asymptotic exponent <span>(nu _0)</span>, which characterizes long-term corrosion kinetics, lies in the range <span>(1.07 le nu _0 le 1.17)</span> for DS2205 and <span>(0.34 le nu _0 le 0.37)</span> for DS2507 at <span>(T = 500,^{circ }textrm{C})</span>. At <span>(T = 600,^{circ }textrm{C})</span>, values of <span>(nu _0 = 1.30)</span> and <span>(nu _0 = 1.10)</span> are obtained for DS2205 and DS2507, respectively. Within the TDPW framework, <span>(nu _0 = 0.5)</span> represents the criterion for diffusion-controlled growth of a passive oxide scale. On this basis, the corrosion behavior of DS2507 at <span>(T = 500,^{circ }textrm{C})</span> is consistent with diffusion-controlled growth of a protective oxide layer, whereas the remaining conditions exhibit sustained active contributions to oxide growth . These findings are consistent with reported microstructural observations, including oxide scale non-uniformity and phase separation at elevated temperatures. The results demonstrate that analyses based on time-independent power laws can obscure the distinction between transient and asymptotic corrosion behavior and that the TDPW formulation provides a physically consistent framework for interpreting corrosion kinetics in molten carbonate environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"103 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Aging on Stress Corrosion Cracking, Electrochemical and Mechanical Behavior of UNS S32750 Super-Duplex Steel","authors":"Ihana Gabriela Conceição de Jesus,&nbsp;Brenno Lima Nascimento,&nbsp;Matheus Mariano da Silva Reis,&nbsp;Iris Sterfanie Santos,&nbsp;Raiany Santos Alves,&nbsp;Antelmo Santos Chaves,&nbsp;Sandro Griza","doi":"10.1007/s11085-026-10377-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-026-10377-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Super-duplex stainless steels are biphasic microstructure alloys composed of ferrite and austenite, whose microstructural stability, mechanical strength and corrosion behavior are strongly influenced by heat treatment. Intermetallic phases, such as sigma, can occur depending on the aging parameters, negatively impacting the toughness and corrosion performance of the alloy. The present study evaluated the effects of isothermal aging on the microstructure, mechanical and corrosion behavior of super-duplex stainless steel UNS S32750. The samples were heated at 700 °C and 850 °C for 5 min and 2 h. The performance evaluation included microstructural analysis, microhardness, potentiodynamic polarization and stress corrosion cracking in synthetic seawater, under 1 MPa CO₂ pressure and 60 °C temperature, for a period of 6 months. The steel aged at 700 °C for 5 min presented electrochemical performance similar to the unaged alloy, maintaining the stress corrosion cracking performance. On the other hand, prolonged aging at 700 °C for 2 h and at 850 °C for 5 min and 2 h allowed the sigma phase transformation and increased microhardness, enabling the brittle fracture and compromising the alloy’s corrosion performance, which is emphasized by the shift of the corrosion potential and the increase in current density under the most severe aging conditions. The study denotes that controlling the aging parameters is essential to ensure the mechanical integrity and corrosion performance of the super-duplex alloy, and that aging the alloy at 700 °C for 5 min is desirable when the intention is to promote the oxide layer that can be beneficial to protect the substrate from other damage mechanisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"103 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147363199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Oxidative and Tellurium-Induced Corrosion of 15–15Ti Austenitic Stainless Steel Under High Oxygen Potentials","authors":"Qinghua Liu,&nbsp;Lu Han,&nbsp;Mingzhen Wu,&nbsp;Guoao Wang,&nbsp;Jiazhan Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11085-026-10376-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-026-10376-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The synergistic oxidative and tellurium-induced (Te-induced) corrosion of the fast-reactor candidate 15–15Ti austenitic stainless steel under high oxygen potentials was investigated in this study. Specimens were exposed at 900 K in both Te-free and Te-containing environments, with the oxygen potentials controlled using Mo/MoO₂ and Ni/NiO redox buffers. Under Te-free conditions, a duplex oxide scale formed on 15–15Ti, comprising an Fe-rich outer oxide layer and a Cr-enriched inner oxide layer. In contrast, in the presence of Te, a markedly thicker multilayer reaction scale developed, consisting of four distinct layers arranged from the surface inward: (i) a Mn–O outer oxide layer; (ii) an Fe–Ni–Te metallic telluride layer; (iii) a Cr-enriched outer telluride reaction layer with Cr₃Te₄ as the dominant phase; and (iv) an inner Te/Cr-enriched reaction layer, in which a phase consistent with Cr₂Te₄O₁₁ was identified. These findings indicate that, under high oxygen potentials, corrosion of 15–15Ti is governed by the coupled action of Te and oxidation. The introduction of Te more strongly promotes outward diffusion of metal cations (especially Fe) and suppresses the formation of a protective Cr-rich oxide layer, thereby markedly accelerating scale thickening and stabilizing the multilayer architecture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"103 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147342420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}