Jerzy Strużyna , Tomasz Korzeniowski , Michał Tobiasz , Agnieszka Surowiecka , Joanna Piszczek , Andrzej Krajewski , Maciej Mazurek , Elżbieta Młyńska-Krajewska , Ireneusz Pudło , Adrian Litewka , Jarosław Olszyna , Sławomir Zacha , Paulina Paul , Karolina Turlakiewicz , Witold Sujka
{"title":"Clinical evaluation of the efficiency and safety of the Tromboguard® hemostatic dressing for donor sites of split-thickness skin graft: A multicenter study","authors":"Jerzy Strużyna , Tomasz Korzeniowski , Michał Tobiasz , Agnieszka Surowiecka , Joanna Piszczek , Andrzej Krajewski , Maciej Mazurek , Elżbieta Młyńska-Krajewska , Ireneusz Pudło , Adrian Litewka , Jarosław Olszyna , Sławomir Zacha , Paulina Paul , Karolina Turlakiewicz , Witold Sujka","doi":"10.1016/j.burnso.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burnso.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Worldwide, burns are the fourth most frequent type of injury. The treatment of burn wounds requires a lot of experience and an interdisciplinary approach including both surgical treatment and pharmacological wound care. The most common management of burn wounds is debridement and wound closure through the use of skin grafts. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the hemostatic and antibacterial effects of the commercially available Tromboguard® foam dressing with an active layer containing alginates and chitosan. The site of application of the product was the donor fields for skin grafts. Findings proved that a polyurethane foam dressing with an active chitosan-alginate layer is a useful option for achieving rapid hemostasis, antimicrobial protection and effective healing at split-thickness skin graft donor sites. Substances present in the active layer promote clot formation and the wound healing process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72486,"journal":{"name":"Burns open : an international open access journal for burn injuries","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 197-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468912224000324/pdfft?md5=422f5d91e7ca4629d6c4d6fafe596c79&pid=1-s2.0-S2468912224000324-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141083132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahavishnu Morgan Moodley, Prenika Jaglal, Jeannette Wadula
{"title":"A five-year retrospective antibiogram review in the paediatric burns unit at a tertiary South African Hospital","authors":"Mahavishnu Morgan Moodley, Prenika Jaglal, Jeannette Wadula","doi":"10.1016/j.burnso.2024.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.burnso.2024.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>There is a global concern regarding increasing colonization and/or infection of paediatric burns patients with multi-drug-resistant organisms, especially in Africa. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistant patterns enables clinicians to opt for the most appropriate empiric antimicrobial agent according to the unit’s susceptibility profile.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study sought to compile unit-specific antibiograms comparing the organism prevalence and their antimicrobial resistance trends in the paediatric burns unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH) from January 2015 to December 2019.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A retrospective, laboratory-based review was conducted of bacterial and fungal isolates including antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) data from blood cultures and tissue samples. Enterobacterales, non-fermenters, gram-positive organisms, and yeasts were analysed as a percentage of total positive blood cultures comparing 2015–2017 to 2018–2019 data. Analysis of antimicrobial resistance trends was performed for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), extensively-drug-resistant (XDR) <em>Acinetobacter baumannii,</em> and meticillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) for the years 2015, 2017, and 2019.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 1243 blood culture isolates were studied with <em>A.baumannii</em> (208/1243;17 %), coagulase negative staphylococci (141/1243; 11 %) and <em>Candida auris</em> (53/1243; 4 %) representing the predominant gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, and yeast, respectively. A significant decrease in ESBLs (<em>p</em> = 0.00) was noted with a rise in CREs (<em>p</em> = 0.00) during the study period. Majority of the <em>A. baumannii</em> were XDR (≥77 %) despite an appreciable decrease. A notable decrease in MRSA (<em>p</em> = 0.00) isolates was observed. <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (72/275; 26 %) was the leading organism recovered from a total of 275 tissue isolates.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The results of this study encourage review of the current antimicrobial choices in the unit for empiric antibacterial cover. Due to the low numbers of yeasts, we cannot comment on the institution of early antifungal strategies. We support reinforced infection prevention and control practices as well as antimicrobial stewardship initiatives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72486,"journal":{"name":"Burns open : an international open access journal for burn injuries","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 204-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468912224000294/pdfft?md5=2199ad44fbf1f664fd25c7d51e344af8&pid=1-s2.0-S2468912224000294-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141042741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gretchen J. Carrougher , Caitlin M. Orton , Barclay T. Stewart
{"title":"Burn Model System educational outputs: Domestic and global dissemination","authors":"Gretchen J. Carrougher , Caitlin M. Orton , Barclay T. Stewart","doi":"10.1016/j.burnso.2024.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burnso.2024.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Knowledge translation and consumer testing aims to move research findings from scientists, professional journals, and conferences to the hands of end-users and organizations who use the information regularly. The purpose of this report is to outline the process by which the Burn Model System (BMS) has worked with the Model System Knowledge Translation Center (MSKTC) to develop and disseminate patient education materials to consumers. The National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research-funded BMS in collaboration with the MSKTC uses a multi-step process for developing and consumer-testing evidence-based/consensus-derived educational information prioritized by consumers. The final written products are made available in both English and Spanish at/below an 8th grade reading level. Products are disseminated through websites, clinical encounters, social media, and national/international engagement with clinicians and burn-related organizations. Written products are reviewed every five years to ensure they remain current and relevant. Number of online views for each product is a key measure of dissemination. Since 2011, the collaboration between the BMS and the MSKTC has produced or updated 22 educational factsheets, three videos, three infocomics, and one infographic. Collectively, these products have been viewed over two million times by people in 216 countries. Online views of all products have generally increased year-to-year. This process makes relevant health information accessible and understandable for consumers. As a result, Burn Model System informational products have been increasingly viewed by US and international consumers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72486,"journal":{"name":"Burns open : an international open access journal for burn injuries","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 183-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468912224000282/pdfft?md5=bd9b0cabcdec05cb372433a270eac40e&pid=1-s2.0-S2468912224000282-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140951264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Usage of a collagen elastin dermal matrix in the closure and reconstruction of a complex full-thickness plantar foot burn in a pediatric patient with Spina bifida: A case report","authors":"Jeffrey Litt , Mack Drake","doi":"10.1016/j.burnso.2024.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.burnso.2024.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Spina bifida cystica (SB) is one of the most common neural tube defects affecting 1 in 2,500 newborns worldwide. Due to the neurological deficits associated with SB, injuries from thermal exposure, trauma, or other etiology may be more severe rendering their treatment a challenge for a traditional approach to burn and wound management. Despite this relatively high disease incidence rate, few studies exist to evaluate wound development or the natural history of wound healing in patients with SB.</p></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><p>We present a case of a pediatric patient with a history of SB who sustained a full thickness burn to the right plantar foot in February of 2023. The 8-year-old was riding an all-terrain vehicle when his right foot made contact with the hot tailpipe. The insensate neuropathy associated with the patient’s SB contributed to the extreme severity of thermal contact injury. We report the burn, treatments, the usage of a novel dermal replacement, and outcomes of this case.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This case demonstrates successful limb salvage in a pediatric patient with severe plantar foot burns utilizing a novel collagen-elastin dermal matrix for tissue reconstruction. Limb salvage was the preferred treatment option over amputation and a prosthetic considering the patient’s age and need for future prostheses. Given the severity of the burn, the impaired wound healing due to his baseline neuropathy, and his baseline ambulatory status, the optimal outcome in this case was limb salvage, which was successfully achieved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72486,"journal":{"name":"Burns open : an international open access journal for burn injuries","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 188-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468912224000312/pdfft?md5=652a0174cae278a406799e20b37d5a8b&pid=1-s2.0-S2468912224000312-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141047285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwelling (NPWTi-d) for skin graft dressing in hand burns: A case report","authors":"Kanako Danno , Ryohei Ishiura , Chihena H. Banda , Yoshimoto Okada , Makoto Shiraishi , Kohei Mitsui , Kento Hosomi , Mitsunaga Narushima","doi":"10.1016/j.burnso.2024.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.burnso.2024.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Skin graft fixation dressing is important in preventing graft shear and loss which are a major source of morbidity particularly in burn patients. We report the successful use of negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell time (NPWTi-d) in burn injuries of the hand for both skin graft fixation and maintenance of safe hand positioning.</p><p>A 27-year-old man suffered burn injuries on his hands and face which included deep partial thickness burns of his right hand following an industrial explosion. A day after the injury, early debridement and skin grafting of the hand was performed. NPWTi-d was applied by cutting the form into smaller blocks and stacking them in an overlapping fashion we termed the “Jenga method” to securely fix the skin graft in place and fix the hand in intrinsic plus hand positioning for 1 week. The device was set to 10 ml saline immersion for 3 min every 3.5 h and section pressure reduced from −125 mmHg to −75 mmHg due to hand discomfort. Graft take was 95 % and the patient recovered with no joint contracture or other complications.</p><p>We report this case to demonstrate the use of NPWTi-d for effective skin graft fixation and non-invasive immobilization of the hands and fingers in a safe limb position in a patient with burn injuries and present the stacked block foams “Jenga method” as a useful easy technique for application of NPWT.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72486,"journal":{"name":"Burns open : an international open access journal for burn injuries","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 193-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468912224000300/pdfft?md5=2f80492ccda2a477c5d010f749c3d8fd&pid=1-s2.0-S2468912224000300-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141051665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Death by electrocution: A retrospective analysis of three medico-legal mortuaries in the eThekwini district of Kwazulu Natal, South Africa from 2006 to 2016","authors":"Anez Awath-Behari , Lorna Jean Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.burnso.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.burnso.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><p>Electrocution is a well-documented preventative cause of unnatural death globally. The demographic profile and trends of fatal electrocutions in the eThekwini district, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa were analyzed and aimed to identify regional factors for targeted prevention.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A retrospective descriptive study analyzed all fatal electrocutions autopsied at three medico-legal mortuaries in eThekwini from 1st January 2006 to 31st December 2016. Clinical, postmortem and police findings were collated, categorized and statistically analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 512 electrocution fatalities were identified at autopsy during the 11 year study period (1,35 fatal electrocutions/ 100 000 population). Cases escalated until 2013 and then gradually decreased, with significant difference between the number of cases per study year (p < 0.001). Most deaths occurred in domestic environments, amongst males (3rd to 4th decade), in summer, during weekends and around midday. The under 10 years were the most vulnerable age group overall (28,71 % of all cases), notably those under 3-years old. Most female victims were under 10 years old (43.81 %). The highest percentage of cases occurred outside the metro. Illegal connections accounted for almost 50 % of cases identified by source.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The eThekwini district in KwaZulu Natal documented the most electrocutions for any study undertaken in South Africa to date. Regional trends in child electrocutions, particularly females under 10 years and fatalities attributed to illegal connections are crucial considerations for directed prevention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72486,"journal":{"name":"Burns open : an international open access journal for burn injuries","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 175-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468912224000270/pdfft?md5=60bca5783cf153d54356d56052bf2ac7&pid=1-s2.0-S2468912224000270-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140766222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of a residential fire on occupational engagement and performance: A reflexive narrative approach","authors":"Gregory Chown","doi":"10.1016/j.burnso.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burnso.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Residential fires are a devastating and stressful life event. The high number of residential fires per year and significant associated stressors impacts all aspects of daily life. This reflexive narrative approach highlights gaps in inpatient and outpatient burn care for those who have suffered a residential fire from an occupational therapy perspective. The findings show that healthcare professionals need to consider social support systems, use therapeutic listening, provide stress management techniques and be advocates throughout the recovery process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72486,"journal":{"name":"Burns open : an international open access journal for burn injuries","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 165-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468912224000257/pdfft?md5=f3b29ce578eee9ad03dc0f9e2181524e&pid=1-s2.0-S2468912224000257-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140555343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial Board Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2468-9122(24)00026-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-9122(24)00026-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72486,"journal":{"name":"Burns open : an international open access journal for burn injuries","volume":"8 2","pages":"Page i"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468912224000269/pdfft?md5=451afb3838ccfedc32fe86e8eb2d2bd3&pid=1-s2.0-S2468912224000269-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140555684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Mahlaule , N. Meghraj , L. Tshuta , A. Seedat , K. Mothoane , I. Kotze , G. Miller , T. Zama , J. Scribante , N. Patel
{"title":"Burnt out: A retrospective review of paediatric burns admissions at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital 2015–2020","authors":"R. Mahlaule , N. Meghraj , L. Tshuta , A. Seedat , K. Mothoane , I. Kotze , G. Miller , T. Zama , J. Scribante , N. Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.burnso.2024.03.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burnso.2024.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Burn injuries in children in low- and middle-income countries are common, serious, and preventable. Despite the high burden of disease, there is a paucity of data on the profile of paediatric burns in South Africa. Such data are essential to local burn prevention strategies.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A retrospective review of all recorded paediatric burns admissions to the paediatric burns unit at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital was performed from 1 January 2015 – 31 December 2020. Ethical approval was obtained. Data extracted anonymously included patient age, sex, mechanism of injury, injury severity, date of injury and residential location.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 2980 admissions occurred during the study period. Infants ≤ 1 year accounted for 42.2 % (1259/2980), males 61.4 % (1689/2751), hot water burns 79.1 % (2357/2980), and major injury 40.1 % (1201/2980) of admissions. Most burn injuries occurred in winter (28.2 %, 842/2980), and most admitted patients lived in Soweto 45.5 % (1355/2980).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Most burns admissions in the study period were characterised by male children less than one year of age, hot water burns, major burn injuries and admissions in the winter months. These results are similar to national and international data regarding age, sex, mechanism of injury and seasonality of paediatric burns. The results from the study have been utilised to inform Surgeons For Little Lives’ paediatric burns prevention campaigns in Soweto and Gauteng Province.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72486,"journal":{"name":"Burns open : an international open access journal for burn injuries","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 160-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468912224000245/pdfft?md5=c7833984aff0a4e3165fe6d0d52c62a1&pid=1-s2.0-S2468912224000245-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140350172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Till Wagner, Anne-Sophie Kruit, Marielle Vehmeijer-Heeman, Dietmar Ulrich
{"title":"Solar radiation can cause clinically relevant burns in breast reconstructed patients even after years- a rare case report","authors":"Till Wagner, Anne-Sophie Kruit, Marielle Vehmeijer-Heeman, Dietmar Ulrich","doi":"10.1016/j.burnso.2024.03.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burnso.2024.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We hereby present a rare case of a full-thickness skin burn after solar radiation by wearing a black bra. The patient underwent late 2020 a delayed bilateral autologous breast reconstruction with a bilateral DIEP flap, followed shortly after by a latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction of her left breast caused by flap necrosis of the left-sided DIEP flap and a secondary nipple reconstruction with afterward a small cosmetic correction. Shortly after she travelled for a holiday in November 2023 to Egypt. After less than 2 h sunbathing in the afternoon in her black bra, she recognized later in the evening redness and blistering of the skin of her right breast. After return and presentation to our outpatient department, we stated a 2b-3 degree burn of her right lateral breast. Under conservative treatment no progress was seen, thus we scheduled the patient for a direct resection and primary closure of the burned skin, which further healed uneventfully. This case presentation shows again the potential risk of solar burns in breast-reconstructed patients with reduced skin sensitivity even after years. Therefore patients undergoing breast reconstruction should be informed about this issue and medical professionals should be aware of this potential harm in these population groups.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72486,"journal":{"name":"Burns open : an international open access journal for burn injuries","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 157-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468912224000233/pdfft?md5=66e44e6832b1a0418ca01488ab7d6dfd&pid=1-s2.0-S2468912224000233-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140350173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}