Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine最新文献

{"title":"Cushing's Syndrome associated with diabetes mellitus in a Persian cat: clinical features, diagnosis, and therapeutic management.","authors":"Laura Gonçalves Nascimento, Roberta Oliveira de Carvalho, Flaviani Emília Dos Santos, Vitor Vieira de Souza, Diego Ribeiro, Maria Luiza Maciel de Mendonça, Fernando Yoiti Kitamura Kawamoto","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm004026","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm004026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The association between Cushing's syndrome (CS) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in cats is rarely reported. Complications related to hypercortisolism and persistent hyperglycemia may occur, which may complicate the control of both endocrinopathies. This report describes the case of a 10-year-old Persian cat diagnosed with CS and DM. The patient presented with polyuria, polydipsia, chronic dry seborrhea on the dorsal region and flanks, and lack of hair regrowth on the abdomen. Through the dexamethasone suppression test (0.1 mg/kg) and the presence of persistent hyperglycemia with elevated fructosamine levels and glycosuria, diagnoses of Cushing's syndrome and DM were established. Treatment was initiated with trilostane (2 mg/kg PO BID) for CS and insulin glargine (2 IU/animal SC BID) for DM, resulting in stabilization of blood glucose, cortisol concentrations, and the patient's clinical condition, although cutaneous fragility persisted for a prolonged period. Diagnostic investigation for hypercortisolism should be considered in cats with DM to allow earlier diagnosis, reduce underdiagnosis, and improve the availability of epidemiological and clinical data on this association. The diagnostic approach and clinical management described may aid veterinarians in recognizing this coexistence and anticipating therapeutic challenges, such as persistent cutaneous fragility despite cortisol control.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"e004026"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13466039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148727572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of three field-practical thawing methods on bovine semen motility, viability, and membrane and acrosome integrity at 0 and 2 hours post-thaw.","authors":"Alfredo Pozo-Curo, Dionet Keny Bellido-Quispe, Katherine Milagros Tacza Paquiyauri, Rogelio Sobero Ballardo, Luis Arturo Rodríguez Zamora, Mijail Contreras Huamani, Curtis R Youngs","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm012025","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm012025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effectiveness of artificial insemination with frozen semen depends largely on semen quality, which can be influenced by the thawing method. This study evaluated the effect of three field-practical semen thawing methods on bovine sperm motility, viability, and plasma membrane and acrosome integrity at 0 and 2h post-thaw. The treatments were: T1 (water at 37 °C), T2 (axilla at 36.1°C), and T3 (room temperature at 23.4 °C). A total of 42 frozen semen straws was analyzed. Motility was assessed using a CASA system, viability was evaluated with Hoechst/propidium iodide staining, and plasma membrane and acrosome integrity were examined using the hypoosmotic swelling (HOS) test and Coomassie blue (CB) staining, respectively. Statistical analysis included ANOVA and t-tests. At 0h, thawing using a water bath (T1) or the axilla (T2) resulted in higher (P < 0.05) total motility, progressive motility, rapid motility, and number of rapidly motile sperm compared to thawing at room temperature (T3). Thawing using a water bath also resulted in higher (P<0.05) sperm viability and percentage of HOS+/CB+ cells at 0h than thawing with T2 or T3. At 2h, post-thaw, T1 resulted in superior (P<0.05) total motility, progressive motility, rapid motility, and viability compared with T2 and T3 thawing methods. Holding samples from 0 to 2h reduced sperm quality parameters in all three thawing methods. In conclusion, thawing semen in warm water at 37 °C yielded better sperm quality parameters at both 0 and 2h post-thaw than thawing in the axilla or at room temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"e012025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13450860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148698403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing osteochondral decalcification and histological processing in ovine joint models.","authors":"Natália Camargo Faraldo, Marcela Dos Santos Ribeiro, Emanuel Vitor Pereira Apolonio, Lorena Cardozo Ferrari, Lucas Cirelli Portugal, Fernanda Barthelson Carvalho de Moura, Ana Liz Garcia Alves, Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm013925","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm013925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Decalcification is a critical step in bone and cartilage histology that directly influences tissue preservation and staining quality. This study aimed to establish an efficient decalcification protocol for ovine stifle joint tissues while optimizing their morphological preservation and staining performance. Samples from the distal femoral condyles of four sheep were allocated to three experimental groups according to the decalcification protocol: 2% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 0.1% nitric acid, and a combination of both reagents. Samples were evaluated at different time points for mineral removal, preservation of cellular and tissue architecture, and staining quality using hematoxylin and eosin and Safranin O/Fast Green techniques. Histological preservation was assessed using the O'Driscoll scoring criteria. The 0.1% nitric acid protocol demonstrated the best balance between decalcification efficiency and tissue preservation, achieving satisfactory mineral removal within 48 h while maintaining cartilage and subchondral bone morphology. In contrast, EDTA requires longer decalcification periods (5-7 days), resulting in slower mineral removal and mild, progressive loss of cellular detail over time. The combined EDTA-nitric acid protocol promoted rapid decalcification but caused substantial tissue degradation, reducing histological quality. Histological evaluation confirmed that the preservation of hyaline cartilage architecture, chondrocyte morphology, extracellular matrix staining, and osteochondral organization was superior in the nitric acid group. These findings indicate that 0.1% nitric acid is a reliable and time-efficient protocol for decalcifying ovine osteochondral tissues, enabling adequate histological evaluation while preserving tissue integrity. This study provides a practical methodological reference for the histological processing of ovine joint tissues in experimental and translational research settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"e013925"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13436156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148674634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonographic and elastographic findings of the liver of dogs exposed to cigarette smoke.","authors":"Felipe Gasparini Echem Gomes, Camila Silveira Stanquini, Giovanna Serpa Maciel Feliciano, Vitoria de Oliveira Rodrigues, Gabriel Sousa Santos, Luiz Paulo Nogueira Aires, Anna Carolina Mazeto Ercolin, Sâmara Turbay Pires, Javier Enrique Jerez Arevalo, Fernando Sebastián Baldi Rey, Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio, Marcus Antônio Rossi Feliciano","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm005026","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm005026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Smoking is identified as one of the main causes of non-transmissible diseases, damaging organs such as the lungs, liver, kidneys, and heart. Owing to their proximity to smokers, dogs are passively exposed to substances present in cigarette smoke. We aimed to describe the ultrasonographic and elastographic findings of the livers of dogs exposed to cigarette smoke. The study involved 13 dogs chronically exposed to cigarette smoke and 10 with no history of exposure to cigarette smoke or progressive liver changes in the preceding 6 months. The animals were subjected to laboratory testing, B-mode ultrasound, and Shear Wave elastography. Statistical analyses used a binomial model for categorical variables and a negative binomial or Poisson model for numerical variables, considering a p-value <0.05. Dogs exposed to tobacco smoke showed reduced liver stiffness. This result may be associated with a congestive process or fatty liver disease. Hepatic congestion may be associated with pulmonary hypertension caused by the inhalation of cigarette smoke. Exposure to tobacco smoke leads to the progression of hepatic fatty infiltration. However, histopathology and a detailed cardiopulmonary investigation are required to confirm these hypotheses. Dogs exposed to cigarette smoke tended to exhibit hepatomegaly and altered liver echotexture. Dogs over 5 years of age tended to show altered liver echogenicity. The B-mode ultrasonography and elastography findings suggest that passive exposure to cigarette smoke can adversely impact animal health. The findings may provide a basis for future investigations among relatively large and homogeneous populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"e005026"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13399927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148586298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine cutaneous lymphoma of large granular lymphocytes non-B, non-T natural killer immunophenotype with cardiac, gastric and hepatic involvement.","authors":"Felipe Noleto de Paiva, Gabriela Oliveira Pereira, Vinícius Alves Furtado, Thiago Souza Costa, Bartolomeu Benedito Neves Dos Santos, Vivian de Assunção Nogueira Carvalho, Julio Israel Fernandes","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm000526","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm000526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cases of natural killer (NK)-cell large granular lymphocyte lymphoma are extremely rare, accounting for approximately 0.8% to 2.56% of lymphomas in dogs. A 5-year-old male Rottweiler presented with multiple cutaneous nodules and progressive weight loss, with a clinical course of less than 2 months. Following inconclusive cytology, an incisional biopsy was performed for histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. Histopathological examination revealed a neoplastic proliferation of round cells infiltrating the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue. The microscopic features, combined with the immunostaining profile-negative for CD3 and CD79a and positive for CD18 and granzyme-indicated a diagnosis of large granular lymphocyte lymphoma with a non-B/non-T immunophenotype of NK-cell origin. The patient underwent chemotherapy with lomustine and completed three treatment sessions before being euthanized, with a survival time of 93 days. Necropsy revealed involvement of the lymph nodes, heart, stomach, liver, and skin. Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings confirmed the antemortem diagnosis at all sites. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of cutaneous, cardiac, gastric, and hepatic involvement associated with non-B, non-T large granular lymphocyte lymphoma in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"e000526"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13399928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148586159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of β‑lactoglobulin and κ‑casein genotypes PCR-RFLP in dairy cattle from Panama.","authors":"Anabel Argelis García, Jenyfer Pérez García, Dilcia Sambrano, Fermín Acosta, César Edwards, José Torres, Diomedes Trejos, Amador Goodridge, Cecilia Escobar","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm001026","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm001026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sustained profitability in dairy production requires continuous improvements in milk yield and composition, traits that are strongly influenced by underlying genetic factors. Polymorphisms in the milk protein genes β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) and κ-casein (κ-Cn) have been associated with variation in milk production, composition, and technological properties across dairy breeds. This study applied polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis to characterize β‑Lg and κ‑Cn gene variants in Jersey (JE), crossbred (XX), and Creole (CR) dairy cattle in Panama. Genotypic and allelic variation was evaluated using a convenience sample of 351 blood samples collected between 2014 and 2015 (JE, n = 230; XX, n = 90; CR, n = 26). Although the sampling strategy does not support population‑level inference, it is suitable for assessing the feasibility of PCR‑RFLP and conducting an exploratory characterization of genetic variability. Amplification success was 98.6% for β‑Lg and 76.6% for κ‑Cn. At the β‑Lg locus, allele A predominated in JE (0.55) and CR (0.52) cattle, whereas allele B was more frequent in XX cattle (0.73). At the κ‑Cn locus, allele B predominated across all groups. Overall, PCR‑RFLP proved to be a practical and accessible method for detecting variations in milk protein genes, supporting its application in future population‑based studies under Panamanian production conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"e001026"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13399929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148586281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaky gut and intestinal mucosal injury among dogs with clinically subclassified atopic dermatitis.","authors":"Kerem Ural, Songül Erdoğan, Hasan Erdoğan, Serdar Pasa, Tahir Özalp","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm011725","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm011725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to determine the relationships between intestinal mucosal injury (based on diamine oxidase [DAO] concentrations), physiological modulators of intercellular tight junctions, and leaky gut biomarkers (based on zonulin concentrations) in dogs with atopic dermatitis. We previously demonstrated that gut restoration alleviates canine atopic dermatitis (CaD) based on the interaction between the gut microbiome and dermatological diseases, which is referred to as the \"gut-skin axis.\" However, we observed the reverse in this study. This short-term, open-label, non-repeated study involved 30 owned dogs with CaD. Their CaD was clinically subclassified based on their Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index version 4 (CADESI-04) scoring based on proposed benchmarks for mild (10), moderate (35), and severe (≥60) AD skin lesions]. Clinical interpretation and laboratory examination were composed of epidermal corneometric analytes (epidermal hydration and pH), CADESI-04 scores, and intestinal biomarkers. The DAO concentrations for the mild (≤10; Group I), moderate (≥11-35; Group II), and severe (≥60-180; Group III) groups were 2.1-6, 0.9-5.2, and 0.4-4.1 ng/mL, respectively. The data on the decline in DAO concentrations with disease progression were valuable (p = 0.031). The zonulin concentrations (ng/mL) for Groups I, II, and III were 14.67 ± 2.45, 13.40 ± 4.56, and 10.89 ± 6.49, respectively (p = 0.008). Their epidermal hydration levels for Groups I, II, and III (59.90 ± 17.77, 30.75 ± 14.59, and 17.58 ± 11.71, respectively) were statistically significant. However, their pH values for Groups I, II, and III (5.02 ± 0.64, 4.47 ± 0.35, and 4.66 ± 1.07, respectively) were not. This study highlights the exploration of the gut-brain-skin axis and leaky gut.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"e011725"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13371217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148457866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feline paraneoplastic hypereosinophilic syndrome associated with lymphocytic intestinal lymphoma.","authors":"Marina Moller Nogueira, Matheus Vilardo Lóes Moreira, Ana Flávia Machado Botelho, Paulo Ricardo Oliveira Paes, Marília Martins Melo","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm000926","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm000926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alimentary lymphocytic lymphoma (AL) is the most prevalent neoplastic subtype in cats. T-cell neoplasms have been associated with eosinophil chemotaxis and, consequently, paraneoplastic hypereosinophilic syndrome. This report describes a case of marked hypereosinophilia in a cat with AL, consistent with a paraneoplastic hypereosinophilic syndrome, based on clinical findings. A 13-year-old neutered male Persian cat, negative for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV), with a history of frequent vomiting, presented with a mild increase in abdominal volume on palpation, suggestive of mesenteric lymph node enlargement. Blood profile revealed marked leukocytosis (81,500 leukocytes/µL) due to severe eosinophilia (69,000/µL), consisting exclusively of segmented eosinophils. Abdominal ultrasonography showed lymphadenomegaly and increased echogenicity of the meso-omentum, suggestive of an infiltrative neoplastic process. Following suspicion of lymphoma, intestinal biopsy and bone marrow (BM) sampling were performed. BM evaluation was consistent with a myeloproliferative process, with eosinophilic lineage involvement. Histopathological examination of the duodenum, jejunum, and mesenteric lymph node confirmed the diagnosis of AL. Treatment with prednisolone, chlorambucil, and cobalamin was instituted. One month after treatment, the cat was clinically stable, with a total eosinophil count of 22,000/µL. After six months, eosinophil counts decreased to 9,030/µL, and abdominal ultrasonography showed no abnormalities. This report highlights the importance of investigating AL in cats presenting with marked hypereosinophilia.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"e000926"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13345603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148414210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare cranial osteopathy in a Northern Bottlenose Whale (<i>Hyperoodon ampullatus</i>) stranded in Rhode Island, Northwest Atlantic, in the 19th century.","authors":"Marie-Francoise Van Bressem, Jennifer Anné, Koen Van Waerebeek","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm000426","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm000426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Few reports exist on the pathologies of the northern bottlenose whale (<i>Hyperoodon ampullatus</i>) and other Ziphiidae. We here describe a large bony outgrowth (exostosis) in the right pterygoid bone of an adult female <i>H. ampullatus,</i> ANSP 3004, that stranded on the US Atlantic coast in 1867. Images of the skull and 14 cranial measurements were examined and compared with two 'normal' adult female <i>H. ampullatus</i> specimens. The form, structure, and width of the right pterygoid were found to be abnormal. Its distal extremity was curved in a labial direction, while its proximal extremity was deformed by a large, bulbous bony outgrowth that partially obstructed the right nasal passage. Lytic lesions in the posterior end of the exostosis exposed deep resorption lacunae. The left pterygoid was thin and laterally displaced. No diagnosis was possible for lack of histological examination but the bony outgrowth was suggestive of an osteoma, a benign bone tumor commonly seen on the jaws and nasal sinuses of horses, bovines and sheep. The partial nasal passage obstruction may hypothetically have affected respiration to some degree, but since the female was lactating, general fitness appeared sufficient.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"e000426"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13313038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148354973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral drug delivery systems for companion animals: an integrative review of medicated treats, chewable tablets, and other pharmaceutical formulations.","authors":"Márcio Gonçalves Dos Santos, Joacir Ferreira Andrade, Valker Araujo Feitosa","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm004226","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm004226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Administering oral medications to companion animals remains a major challenge in veterinary medicine, frequently leading to poor adherence and reduced therapeutic effectiveness. Medicated treats have emerged as a promising strategy to facilitate drug administration by combining active pharmaceutical ingredients with highly palatable food-based matrices. This integrative review critically synthesized the available scientific literature on oral drug delivery systems for dogs and cats, with emphasis on medicated treats, chewable formulations, therapeutic efficacy, safety, stability, and regulatory challenges. A structured search was conducted in PubMed, SciSpace, Consensus, and Google Scholar, using PRISMA-based procedures. After screening and eligibility assessment, 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, including one additional eligible study incorporated after peer-review recommendation and assessed according to the same predefined criteria. The reviewed studies indicate that medicated treats and chewable oral formulations may improve treatment adherence, reduce administration-related stress, and maintain acceptable pharmacological performance when appropriate formulation parameters are met. Evidence also suggests that formulation-related factors, such as matrix composition and concomitant administration conditions, may influence bioavailability and product performance. Nevertheless, relevant challenges remain regarding dose uniformity, physicochemical stability, microbiological safety, and regulatory classification. Overall, medicated treats represent a promising alternative drug delivery strategy in veterinary therapeutics, particularly for chronic treatments in companion animals. Further studies are needed to optimize formulation parameters, evaluate long-term safety, and establish clearer regulatory frameworks for these hybrid pharmaceutical-nutritional products.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"e004226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13313040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148354987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}