BMJ clinical evidence最新文献_第5页

Chronic bacterial prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome. 慢性细菌性前列腺炎与慢性盆腔疼痛综合征。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-08-27

Diana K Bowen, Elodi Dielubanza, Anthony J Schaeffer

{"title":"Chronic bacterial prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome.","authors":"Diana K Bowen, Elodi Dielubanza, Anthony J Schaeffer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Chronic prostatitis can cause pain and urinary symptoms, and can occur either with an active infection (chronic bacterial prostatitis [CBP]) or with only pain and no evidence of bacterial causation (chronic pelvic pain syndrome [CPPS]). Bacterial prostatitis is characterised by recurrent urinary tract infections or infection in the prostate with the same bacterial strain, which often results from urinary tract instrumentation. However, the cause and natural history of CPPS are unknown and not associated with active infection.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic overview and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of treatments for chronic bacterial prostatitis? What are the effects of treatments for chronic pelvic pain syndrome? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to February 2014 (Clinical Evidence overviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this overview).Results: At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved 131 studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, 67 records were screened for inclusion in the overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 51 studies and the further review of 16 full publications. Of the 16 full articles evaluated, three systematic reviews and one RCT were included at this update. We performed a GRADE evaluation for 14 PICO combinations.Conclusions: In this systematic overview, we categorised the efficacy for 12 interventions based on information relating to the effectiveness and safety of 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors, allopurinol, alpha-blockers, local injections of antimicrobial drugs, mepartricin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), oral antimicrobial drugs, pentosan polysulfate, quercetin, sitz baths, transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT), and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4551133/pdf/2015-1802.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33956441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Premenstrual syndrome. 经前综合症。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-08-25

Irene Kwan, Joseph Loze Onwude

{"title":"Premenstrual syndrome.","authors":"Irene Kwan, Joseph Loze Onwude","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A woman has premenstrual syndrome (PMS) if she complains of recurrent psychological and/or physical symptoms occurring during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, and often resolving by the end of menstruation. Symptom severity can vary between women. Premenstrual symptoms occur in 95% of women of reproductive age. Severe, debilitating symptoms occur in about 5% of those women. There is no consensus on how symptom severity should be assessed for PMS, which has led to the use of a wide variety of symptom scores and scales, thus making it difficult to synthesise data on treatment efficacy. The cyclical nature of the condition also makes it difficult to conduct RCTs.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic overview, aiming to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of continuous hormonal treatments in women with premenstrual syndrome? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to April 2014 (Clinical Evidence overviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this overview).Results: At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved 132 studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, 132 records were screened for inclusion in the overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 102 studies and the further review of 30 full publications. Of the 30 full articles evaluated, one systematic review and three RCTs were added to this overview. We performed a GRADE evaluation for three PICO combinations.Conclusions: In this systematic overview, we categorised the efficacy for three interventions based on information relating to the effectiveness and safety of continuous combined oral contraceptives, continuous transdermal estradiol, and continuous subcutaneous estradiol implants.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4548199/pdf/2015-0806.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34119593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bulimia nervosa. 神经性贪食症。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-08-25 DOI: 10.1176/appi.books.9781615370740.umd05

P. Hay, Josué Bacaltchuk

引用次数: 0

Colic in infants. 婴儿腹绞痛

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-08-11

Peter Lucassen

{"title":"Colic in infants.","authors":"Peter Lucassen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Colic in infants leads one in six families (17%) with children to consult a health professional. One systematic review of 15 community-based studies found a wide variation in prevalence, which depended on study design and method of recording.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic overview, aiming to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of treatments for colic in infants? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to February 2014 (Clinical Evidence overviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this overview).Results: At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved 47 studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, 22 records were screened for inclusion in the overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 10 studies and the further review of 12 full publications. Of the 12 full articles evaluated, three systematic reviews and four RCTs were added at this update. We performed a GRADE evaluation for six PICO combinations.Conclusions: In this systematic overview, we categorise the efficacy for seven interventions based on information relating to the effectiveness and safety of casein hydrolysate milk, cranial osteopathy, Lactobacillus reuteri (probiotic), low-lactose milk, soya-based infant feeds, spinal manipulation, and whey hydrolysate milk.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4531337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140190408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tuberculosis (HIV-negative people): improving adherence. 结核病（艾滋病毒阴性者）：改善坚持治疗的情况。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-08-11

Liliya Eugenevna Ziganshina, Michael Eisenhut

{"title":"Tuberculosis (HIV-negative people): improving adherence.","authors":"Liliya Eugenevna Ziganshina, Michael Eisenhut","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: About one third of the world's population has immunological evidence of previous exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In 2013, an estimated 9.0 million people developed tuberculosis (TB) and 1.5 million died from the disease.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic overview, aiming to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of directly observed treatment (DOT) versus self-administered treatment (SAT) in people with tuberculosis without HIV infection? What are the effects of support mechanisms for DOT in people with tuberculosis without HIV infection? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to June 2014 (Clinical Evidence overviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this overview).Results: At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved 189 studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, 104 records were screened for inclusion in the overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 86 studies and the further review of 18 full publications. Of the 18 full articles evaluated, three systematic reviews and one RCT were added at this update. We performed a GRADE evaluation for 12 PICO combinations.Conclusions: In this systematic overview, we categorised the efficacy for 13 interventions based on information relating to the effectiveness and safety of directly observed treatment and support mechanisms for directly observed treatment.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4531336/pdf/2015-0904.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34081426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Constipation in adults. 成人便秘。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-08-05

Michelle Lau, Alexander C Ford

{"title":"Constipation in adults.","authors":"Michelle Lau, Alexander C Ford","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Although there are defined criteria for the diagnosis of constipation, in practice, diagnostic criteria are less rigid and depend in part on the perception of normal bowel habit. Constipation is highly prevalent, with approximately 12 million general practitioner prescriptions for laxatives in England in 2001.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic overview, aiming to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of medications in people with idiopathic chronic constipation? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to July 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review).Results: At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved 356 studies published in this time period. After deduplication, 95 records were screened for inclusion in the overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 62 studies and the further review of 33 full publications. Of the 33 full articles evaluated, three systematic reviews and one RCT were added to the overview at this update. We performed a GRADE evaluation for four PICO combinations.Conclusions: In this systematic overview, we categorised the efficacy for three interventions, based on information relating to the effectiveness and safety of linaclotide, lubiprostone, and prucalopride.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4526959/pdf/2015-0413.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33899843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Irritable bowel syndrome: dietary interventions. 肠易激综合征:饮食干预。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-07-30

Alexander Charles Ford, Per Olav Vandvik

{"title":"Irritable bowel syndrome: dietary interventions.","authors":"Alexander Charles Ford, Per Olav Vandvik","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) varies depending on the criteria used to diagnose it, but it ranges from about 5% to 20%. IBS is associated with abnormal gastrointestinal motor function and enhanced visceral perception, as well as psychosocial and genetic factors. People with IBS often have other bodily and psychiatric symptoms, and have an increased likelihood of having unnecessary surgery compared with people without IBS.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic overview, aiming to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of dietary modification (gluten-free diet, a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols [FODMAPs]) in people with irritable bowel syndrome? We searched Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to June 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review).Results: At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved 33 studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, 19 records were screened for inclusion in the overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 14 studies and the further review of five full publications. Of the five full articles evaluated, three RCTs were included. Based upon their own search, the contributor(s) added two additional RCTs that did not meet Clinical Evidence inclusion criteria; these have been added to the Comment section. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality for two PICO combinations.Conclusions: In this systematic overview, we categorised the efficacy for two interventions based on information relating to the effectiveness and safety of dietary modification (gluten-free diet or a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols [FODMAPs]).","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4520224/pdf/2015-0410.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34052331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ankle sprain: the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 踝关节扭伤:非甾体类抗炎药的作用。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-07-28

Peter A A Struijs, Gino M M J Kerkhoffs

{"title":"Ankle sprain: the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.","authors":"Peter A A Struijs, Gino M M J Kerkhoffs","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Injury of the lateral ligament complex of the ankle joint occurs in about one in 10,000 people per day, accounting for a quarter of all sports injuries.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic overview, aiming to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the treatment of acute ankle sprains? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to April 2014 (Clinical Evidence overviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this overview).Results: At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved 158 studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, 97 records were screened for inclusion in the overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 48 studies and the further review of 49 full publications. Of the 49 full articles evaluated, one systematic review and four RCTs were added. We performed a GRADE evaluation for four PICO combinations.Conclusions: In this systematic overview, we categorised the efficacy for three interventions, based on information relating to the effectiveness and safety of oral NSAIDs versus placebo, oral versus topical NSAIDs, selective COX-2 inhibitors versus other NSAIDs, and topical NSAIDs versus placebo.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4517661/pdf/2015-1115.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33942459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bronchitis (acute). 支气管炎(急性)。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-07-17

Peter Wark

{"title":"Bronchitis (acute).","authors":"Peter Wark","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Acute bronchitis affects more than 40 in 1000 adults per year in the UK. The causes are usually considered to be infective, but only around half of people have identifiable pathogens. The role of smoking or of environmental tobacco smoke inhalation in predisposing to acute bronchitis is unclear. One third of people may have longer-term symptoms or recurrence.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review, aiming to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of treatments for acute bronchitis in people without chronic respiratory disease? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to May 2015 (Clinical Evidence overviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this overview).Results: At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved 420 studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, 306 records were screened for inclusion in the overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 245 studies and the further review of 61 full publications. Of the 61 full articles evaluated, three updated systematic reviews and three RCTs were added at this update. We performed a GRADE evaluation for 12 PICO combinations.Conclusions: In this systematic review we categorised the efficacy for six intervention-comparison combinations, based on information about the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: antibiotics, antihistamines, antitussives, beta2 agonists (inhaled), and expectorants/mucolytics.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4505629/pdf/2015-1508.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34295616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Burns: dressings. 伯恩斯:酱。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-07-14

Jason Wasiak, Heather Cleland

{"title":"Burns: dressings.","authors":"Jason Wasiak, Heather Cleland","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Burns are classified according to depth. This overview concerns the treatments for partial-thickness burns, which can be expected or have the potential to heal spontaneously (superficial partial-thickness and mid-dermal partial-thickness burns). Injuries that involve the deeper part of the dermis and require surgical treatments to achieve healing are not the focus of this overview.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic overview and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of treatments for partial-thickness burns? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to January 2014 (Clinical Evidence overviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review).Results: At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved 322 studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, 193 records were screened for inclusion in the overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 160 studies and the further review of 33 full publications. Of the 33 full articles evaluated, two systematic reviews and two RCTs were added at this update. We performed a GRADE evaluation for 30 PICO combinations.Conclusions: In this systematic overview, we categorised the efficacy for 10 interventions, based on information relating to the effectiveness and safety of alginate dressing, biosynthetic dressing, chlorhexidine-impregnated paraffin gauze dressing, hydrocolloid dressing, hydrogel dressing, paraffin gauze dressing, polyurethane film, silicone-coated nylon dressing, silver-impregnated dressing, and silver sulfadiazine cream.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4501337/pdf/2015-1903.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34287902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0