Biomedical engineering advances最新文献

{"title":"WIVIDOSA-Net: Wigner–Ville distribution based obstructive sleep apnea detection using single lead ECG signal","authors":"Amit Bhongade,&nbsp;Tapan Kumar Gandhi","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious condition causing intermittent breathing stops during sleep. Currently, it is diagnosed with polysomnography (PSG), which is costly and sometimes uncomfortable. Researchers are now exploring the use of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals as a potential alternative for diagnosing OSA. Here, we have proposed a novel deep learning model (DLM) to detect OSA using smoothed Wigner–Ville spectrograms (SWVSs) of ECG signals. The PhysioNet Apnea ECG Database (70 full-night ECG recordings) is used to validate the model performance. The proposed model first converted the per-minute ECG signals into WVSs and smoothened them using Savitzky–Golay (S–G) filtering. Then, SWVSs were fed as input to our newly developed DLM named WIgner–VIlle Distribution-based Obstructive Sleep Apnea convolutional neural network (WIVIDOSA-Net) as well as other standard pretrained ResNet-18 and ResNet-50 for comparison. The WIVIDOSA-Net model achieves an average classification accuracy of 90.09%, specificity of 91.12%, and sensitivity of 87.40% when evaluated using a tenfold cross-validation method. The proposed model extracts high-resolution spatial and temporal information, making the pipeline very effective in discriminating OSA episodes from normal. Therefore, it exhibits superior performance in comparison to all current state-of-the-art approaches, with a reduced computation burden due to its limited number of learnable parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase field modeling for fracture prediction in goat tibia using an open-source quantitative computer tomography based finite element framework","authors":"Debangshu Paul,&nbsp;Zachariah Arwood,&nbsp;Pierre-Yves Mulon,&nbsp;Dayakar Penumadu,&nbsp;Timothy Truster","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While predicting mechanical responses under various stress scenarios is of significant interest in the field of orthopedic research, finite element (FE) modeling studies specifically focusing on the tibia remain notably limited. Given that mechanical properties and structural form of goat tibiae closely mimic those of human tibiae, they can serve as excellent models for comparative orthopedic research. While existing literature on goat bone research offers rich <em>in vivo</em> models, it lacks a validated FE model of the tibia subjected to thorough spatial error assessment. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel FE modeling framework for goat tibia with prediction of failure load and crack location using a phase field fracture method. In particular, this study applies established model forms for the spatial density dependence of elastic moduli and fracture toughness from human long bones to the modeling of goat tibia for the first time and assesses the accuracy of simulated versus measured behavior. The framework involves constructing a mesh of the bone geometry from a 3D quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scan of the goat tibia. To make the process accessible and extensible, open-source software was utilized throughout the entire modeling process for the first time. To validate this FE model, we conducted a uniaxial compression test by applying the load along the shaft axis. A Digital Image Correlation (DIC) system provided high-resolution strain measurements across the surface of the tibia, with the results found to align well with FE simulation outcomes. Subsequently, a high-performance computing (HPC) environment was used to couple the elastic model with a phase field fracture model – resulting in fracture initiation and evolution predictions that closely mirror experimental observations. This QCT-based approach offers a framework for personalized modeling of goat tibia and, in the future, human tibiae, thereby enabling patient-specific analysis relating to fracture risk, implant effectiveness, and optimal treatment strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual probiotic and antibiotic therapy targeting bacterial vaginosis: An integrated experimental/computational modeling perspective","authors":"Bassam Fotouh ,&nbsp;Anthony J. Kyser ,&nbsp;Mohamed Y. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Hermann B. Frieboes","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel strategy delivering both metronidazole and <em>L. crispatus</em> via 3D-printed scaffolds was recently shown to target pathogens in bacterial vaginosis (BV) while promoting beneficial microflora with sustained probiotic release, with the objective to facilitate user treatment adherence. This study developed an integrated experimental/computational platform to evaluate dual therapeutic strategy efficacy over a wide range of system dynamics, towards the goal of personalized therapy design. Experiments evaluated <em>Gardnerella</em> and <em>L. crispatus</em> interactions under controlled glucose concentrations <em>in vitro</em>, including bacterial growth, glucose consumption, lactic acid production, and pH. These data informed parameters of a novel computational model simulating the vagina, incorporating nutrient dynamics, bacterial interactions, and dual release of antibiotics and probiotics from 3D-printed scaffolds. Efficacy of varying concentrations of antibiotics and probiotics was assessed via sensitivity analyses. Experimental results demonstrate that <em>L. crispatus</em> outcompetes <em>Gardnerella</em> at lower glucose concentrations, while <em>Gardnerella</em> dominates at higher glucose levels. The computational model replicated these dynamics and projected that dual therapy could significantly suppress <em>Gardnerella</em> while promoting <em>L. crispatus</em>, even at lower drug dosages and probiotic CFU counts. Results were validated against data from 3D-printed dual release scaffolds. Simulated dual treatment enhanced lactic acid production and decreased vaginal pH, creating an unfavorable environment for pathogenic bacteria and shifting the microbiome composition towards the beneficial microflora. We conclude that an integrated experimental/computational modeling approach enables detailed evaluation of pathogenic and host bacteria interactions in the vaginal microbiome. This approach could advance personalized treatment for BV that eradicates pathogens while simultaneously restoring beneficial microflora.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of nutrient-based alloying elements on biodegradable magnesium alloys: Evolution, challenges, and strategies for orthopaedic applications","authors":"Pradeep Raja C ,&nbsp;Karthik Babu N B ,&nbsp;N S Balaji ,&nbsp;A Saikiran ,&nbsp;Rajesh Kannan A","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, magnesium (Mg) alloys have become increasingly popular in orthopaedic applications as biomaterials. Unlike traditional implants such as cobalt-chrome, stainless steel, and titanium alloys, Mg alloys offer notable advantages, including outstanding biodegradability and biocompatibility. This characteristic eliminates the need for a second surgery after the bone healing process, a distinct advantage for patients. Additionally, Mg alloys address the issue of stress shielding, a common problem with other materials. Despite facilitating the osteoconductive process, their rapid degradation in physiological conditions poses a challenge, compromising mechanical strength and hindering bone tissue recovery. This degradation leads to tissue alkalization and the formation of hydrogen bubbles, hindering the recovery rate of bone tissues and limiting the applications of Mg alloys. And the rapid degradation of magnesium alloys in physiological conditions accelerates corrosion and compromises mechanical integrity, affecting their load-bearing capacity. Enhancing structural integrity is essential to ensure sufficient strength during bone healing, aligning the degradation rate with the physiological process. To reduce the fast degradation rate, extensive research has been conducted in mechanical and corrosion-based studies, focusing on altering the biomedical performance of Mg alloys through alloying elements, processing routes, and other strategies. One approach involves mixing pure magnesium with nutrient materials and reinforcing it with hydroxyapatite. These modifications aim to match the corrosion rate with the healing rate of bone tissue. This paper explores the significance of biodegradable Mg alloys, providing a comprehensive review of their evolution and development. It emphasises enhancing the mechanical and corrosion properties of Mg alloys by adjusting the percentage of alloying elements, employing specific processing strategies, and incorporating reinforcements. The discussion particularly emphasizes the impact of nutrient elements, binary and ternary alloys, as well as hydroxyapatite composites of magnesium-based alloys in physiological conditions. Furthermore, the review highlights emerging technologies like Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), offering a general perspective on improving the mechanical and corrosion properties of Mg alloys for orthopaedic use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polycarbonate/antibacterial blend nanocomposites in material extrusion 3D printing: Thermomechanical response, rheology, and biocidal metrics","authors":"Markos Petousis ,&nbsp;Nektarios K. Nasikas ,&nbsp;Vassilis Papadakis ,&nbsp;Maria Spyridaki ,&nbsp;Evangelos Sfakiotakis ,&nbsp;Amalia Moutsopoulou ,&nbsp;Apostolos Argyros ,&nbsp;Evgenia Dimitriou ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Michailidis ,&nbsp;Nectarios Vidakis","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The motivation of the research was to introduce nanocomposites with the polycarbonate (PC) thermoplastic as the matrix material, with biocidal capabilities and improved mechanical performance for the material extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing (AM) technique. Such nanocomposites have not been investigated so far. They would exploit the use of the PC thermoplastic and the MEX AM method in various types of applications with respective specifications, such as in the defense or security sector, in which PC is a popular thermoplastic already. We successfully synthesized a series of PC/antibacterial nanocomposites for the material extrusion 3D printing technique. The PC/antibacterial nanocomposites consisted of 2wt. % antibacterial nanopowder intervals (2–12wt. %). The as-prepared PC/antibacterial nanocomposite batches were converted into filaments and afterward 3D printed. The 3D printed materials were subjected to a series of experimental tests to determine their mechanical, thermal, rheological, physicochemical, morphological, structural, and biocidal properties, following the respective standards. The biocidal characterization of the various PC/antibacterial nanocomposites (agar well diffusion method, Mcfarland protocol) provided evidence that both the enhanced mechanical properties (29.1 % improvement of the tensile strength with 4 wt. % nanopowder loading) and biocidal activity (gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative <em>Escherichia coli</em> were tested) of the 3D printed PC/antibacterial nanocomposites are feasible. We have concluded that the maximization of the above-mentioned multifunctionalities can be achieved for moderate loadings of antibacterial nanopowder while the 3D printing of such PC/Antibacterial nanocomposites produces high-quality parts which can find important applications in the Defence and Security domain but also “dual – use” applications in the civil domain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive manufacturing of silicone for biomedical applications","authors":"Deon Johan de Beer ,&nbsp;Thywill Cephas Dzogbewu ,&nbsp;Van Der Walt Kobus","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The manufacturing of silicone-based elastomers has been the center of research for several decades and the renaissance of the manufacturing industry via additive manufacturing (AM) seems to verve the hype of the widespread industrial applications of silicone by providing solutions to the challenges of manufacturing components with the material through the classical manufacturing approach. The unique flexibility of silicone combined with the geometrical precision printing capability of the AM has enabled the manufacturing of intricate microfluidics structures with surface functionalization properties, bionic fingers, wearable devices, bespoke nasal prostheses, customized sports mouth guards, heart valves, etc. The impending challenges such as the formulation of the silicone resin with the right viscosity, slow curing process, shear-thinning, printing of overhanging structures, small dimensions, printing speed, poor resolution, etc. are paving the way and becoming the driving force for progressive innovative research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translation of single channel electro encephalic signals into limb motion","authors":"A.B.R. Lara ,&nbsp;Oscar E. Ruiz ,&nbsp;L.O. Araujo Junior ,&nbsp;F.P. Bhering","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neural prostheses (NPs) are devices that can translate brainwaves into motion. The non-invasive multi-channel headset used in the study of Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) systems for the development of NPs, presents high resolution in data collection, but also presents high computing expenses and hardware costs. To overcome the barrier of the costs and present an accessible technology for these studies, this manuscript presents the implementation of a method that uses a single-channel headset to sample the Electro Encephalo Graph (EEG) wave. The headset provides 8 individual brain waves (delta, theta, low alpha, high alpha, low beta, high beta, low gamma, mid gamma), operating in their characteristic frequency intervals. A Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) was trained with the Alpha and Beta waves (4 signals), reaching a <span><math><mrow><mn>73</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>9</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span> accuracy rate for detecting the movement (open/close) of the subject’s right hand. The conclusion on the subject hand status is fed into a kinematic (Denavit Hartenberg) model of the hand, to simulate the opening/ closing of a robotic hand. The results confirm the usability of the single-channel headset to extract information from the motor cortex for the development of cheaper and more accessible NPs. The advantages of this method are: (a) lower hardware expense and (b) lower computing load. The disadvantages of our approach lie in the time needed for the 15 s to react to the real-time patient brain signal and to produce the Open/Close command to the Neural Prosthesis. Future endeavors include the online usage of the trained NN by the subject. An additional interest domain is the usage of intention-of-movement brain waves for forecasting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding motor execution and motor imagery from EEG with deep learning and source localization","authors":"Sina Makhdoomi Kaviri,&nbsp;Ramana Vinjamuri","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of noninvasive imaging techniques has become pivotal in understanding human brain functionality. While modalities like MEG and fMRI offer excellent spatial resolution, their limited temporal resolution, often measured in seconds, restricts their application in real-time brain activity monitoring. In contrast, EEG provides superior temporal resolution, making it ideal for real-time applications in brain–computer interface systems. In this study, we combined deep learning with source localization to classify two motor task types: motor execution and motor imagery. For motor imagery tasks—left hand, right hand, both feet, and tongue—we transformed EEG signals into cortical activity maps using Minimum Norm Estimation (MNE), dipole fitting, and beamforming. These were analyzed with a custom ResNet CNN, where beamforming achieved the highest accuracy of 99.15%, outperforming most traditional methods. For motor execution involving six types of reach-and-grasp tasks, beamforming achieved 90.83% accuracy compared to 56.39% from a sensor domain approach (ICA + PSD + TSCR-Net). These results underscore the significant advantages of integrating source localization with deep learning for EEG-based motor task classification, demonstrating that source localization techniques greatly enhance classification accuracy compared to sensor domain approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conducting an experimental study on the interaction between mesenchymal stem cells and chicken neck derived ECM In Vitro.","authors":"Maryam Saedi ,&nbsp;Yasin Ghabool ,&nbsp;Nasser Mahdavi-Shahri ,&nbsp;Amin Tavassoli","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three-dimensional scaffolds play a critical role in tissue engineering. Scaffolds fabricated from decellularized tissues, which retain the extracellular matrix (ECM), represent a promising option for natural scaffolds. These scaffolds have the potential to support cell adhesion and proliferation. This research was conducted to create diverse natural scaffolds through the decellularization of chicken neck tissue. The neck tissue is considered a favorable structure for investigating cell behaviors, such as migration and division. A combination of three decellularization processes-physical, chemical, and enzymatic was employed. These procedures involved subjecting the tissue to gradual and rapid freezing-thawing, followed by treatment with trypsin. The chicken neck tissue was decellularized using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Following histological examinations to verify successful decellularization. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from bone-marrow of rat tissue were cultivated on the scaffold derived from the decellularized matrix. Histological analyses revealed that the most effective decellularization method involved rapidly freezing and thawing the samples in liquid nitrogen, followed by treatment with a 2% solution of SDS and a 0.25% trypsin solution. This method successfully eliminated cells while preserving collagen and elastin proteins. Furthermore, histological examinations and fluorescence microscopy demonstrated the interaction between the scaffold and MSCs. The movement of stem cells on the neck tissue scaffold was tracked on the 7th and 14th days of culture. The results of this study, which examined the fluorescence, structure, and chemical composition of the decellularized extracellular matrix of neck tissue, indicated that it could promote MSCs attachment, movement, and polarity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution of Electrovestibulography technique and safety considerations","authors":"Zeinab A. Dastgheib ,&nbsp;Chathura Kumaragamage ,&nbsp;Brian J. Lithgow ,&nbsp;Zahra K. Moussavi","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past decade, the number of papers reporting the use of the Electrovestibulography (EVestG) technique has tripled compared to the previous decade. Moreover, EVestG has been employed in clinical trials for diagnostic purposes and monitoring treatment efficacy. The key drivers behind the expansion of such work could be linked to both the progress achieved in the EVestG technical development as well as the fact that EVestG has proved to be a safe and tolerable technology with promising diagnostic capabilities. Compared to existing vestibular and neurophysiological assessments, EVestG provides a non-invasive and objective method to directly measure vestibular responses and indirectly assess neurophysiological brain activity, with potential for early diagnosis. This contribution reviews the technical evolution and safety considerations of EVestG over the last decade. Areas of development that together contributed to the current state of the art are discussed. These include the design of low-noise electrodes, the electrode placement protocol, and improvements in signal acquisition during recording. Additionally, participant attrition rates and withdrawal reasons are presented. Findings highlight advancements in signal quality, user comfort, and diagnostic reliability, reinforcing EVestG's clinical viability. Lastly, potential developments and challenges toward a miniaturised and portable EVestG technology are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}