Biomedical engineering advances最新文献

{"title":"3D printed titanium TPMS for personalised tibial bone implant","authors":"Martin Appiah ,&nbsp;Abul Arafat ,&nbsp;Abhishek Gupta ,&nbsp;Arun Arjunan ,&nbsp;Ahmad Baroutaji ,&nbsp;John Robinson ,&nbsp;Chameekara T. Wanniarachchi ,&nbsp;Manpreet Singh ,&nbsp;Neil Ashwood ,&nbsp;Aaron Vance","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porous titanium scaffolds offer hope for reducing stress shielding and encouraging new bone growth, moving the field closer to personalised load bearing implants. This study explores four triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) tibial scaffolds informed by Gyroid (GSC), Lidinoid (LSC), Diamond (DSC), and Schwartz Primitive (SSC) unit cells. These scaffolds were made using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) 3D printing, with a targeted porosity of 60 % to closely match the mechanical behaviour of natural tibial bone. Mechanical testing of these scaffolds revealed an elastic modulus of 10.42 to 13.62 GPa and compressive strengths ranging from 209 to 393 MPa, meeting the requirements for load-bearing tibial implants. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods, AHP and TOPSIS, were applied to evaluate the designs, considering four favourable factors of relative importance in the order porosity&gt;yield strength&gt;elastic modulus&gt;ultimate strength. This analysis identified SSC scaffold featuring Schwartz Primitive architecture as the most promising candidate for load-bearing applications. The biological compatibility of these scaffolds was also found to be equally compelling. In vitro testing with U-2OS osteosarcoma cells confirmed high cell viability, underscoring the cytocompatibility of these TPMS designs and reinforcing their potential for biomedical applications. Together, these findings offer a path toward the use of titanium scaffolds in orthopaedics, setting the stage for further in vivo studies and a potential breakthrough in functional bone implant design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical design of 3D printed bone tissue scaffolds with tunable anisotropy","authors":"Abdullah Al Masud ,&nbsp;Amit Arefin ,&nbsp;Nava Raj Khatri ,&nbsp;AKM Ahasun Habib ,&nbsp;Ming-Chien Chyu ,&nbsp;Paul F. Egan","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing is enabling the design of intricate biomedical structures with tuned mechanics for bone tissue engineering. Tuning structures to mimic the effective anisotropic mechanical properties of bone, however, remains challenging due to difficulties in recreating bone’s hierarchical geometry and porous structure. Here, we introduce beam-based lattices with tunable unit cell aspect ratios and hierarchical pores to tailor the biomechanics of tissue engineering scaffolds for interbody spine fusion cages. BC-Tetra unit cells with beams along edges and diagonally from each corner to the center of a tetragonal unit volume were selected due to their mechanical efficiency and favorable geometry for tissue growth. Unit cells were designed with 500 and 800 µm diameter beams, porosities of 50 % and 70 %, and adjustable aspect ratios by tuning unit cell height. Scaffolds were printed using digital light processing with a biocompatible methacrylic polymer. Uniaxial mechanical compression experiments demonstrated that larger unit cell aspect ratios resulted in higher effective mechanical properties in the loading direction. Finite element analysis matched experimental trends and highlighted stress distributions for each tested lattice. Dimensional characterization demonstrated beams were printed larger than expected towards the center of the scaffold, that in turn decreased scaffold porosity while increasing stiffness. Large hierarchical voids were introduced to improve the consistency of printed beams throughout scaffolds and facilitate biological functioning. Mechanical testing demonstrated scaffolds of 40 % to 80 % porosity had stiffness from 3.9 to 8.4 kN/mm, suitable for vertebral bone fusion. These results enable improved design and fabrication of tissue scaffolds by providing new strategies for controlling anisotropy and hierarchy that could widely enhance regenerative medicine treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decision support systems for lower limb rehabilitation using electrical stimulation—A review","authors":"Tiago Franco ,&nbsp;Pedro Rangel Henriques ,&nbsp;Paulo Alves ,&nbsp;Maria João Varanda Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a comprehensive review of Decision Support Systems (DSS) for lower limb rehabilitation using Electrical Stimulation (ES), employing a rigorous two-part methodology. The first part involves a bibliometric analysis of articles from 1980 to 2023, while the second part is a systematic review of studies from 2019 to 2023, addressing six key research questions. The review identifies the main characteristics of DSS, such as data usage, sensitive data protection, reasoning techniques, and validation processes. It highlights the development focus on joint control systems, increasing interest in biofeedback and AI applications, and significant interest in FES-Cycling. Despite advancements, “decision support” remains in the early stages with simple architectures and limited data handling. Conversely, studies show advanced ES control models validated with neurological patients. This article emphasizes the need for sophisticated DSS that integrate data protection, reasoning methods, and patient monitoring to enhance rehabilitation outcomes and identifies significant gaps for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ion release and antibacterial assessment of copper-containing hydroxyapatite and biphasic calcium phosphates","authors":"Sierra K. Kucko ,&nbsp;Danielle L. Perry ,&nbsp;Randall E. Youngman ,&nbsp;Timothy J. Keenan","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper-containing hydroxyapatite (CuHA) is hypothesized to be an effective approach to hinder orthopedic infection. Copper (Cu) is well regarded for its antibacterial potential yet remains understudied in bioceramics. Herein, a series of CuHA were evaluated by probing the Cu²⁺ ion using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Additionally, particle size, surface area, and crystallinity measurements were performed. CuHA was heat-treated to form Cu-containing biphasic calcium phosphate (CuBCP), which enabled Cu release in aqueous solution to reach a maximum of 0.108 + 0.004 mg/L per 1m² powder compared to its CuHA counterpart, which showed no Cu release per 1m² powder. Agar diffusion and time-based bacterial broth analyses were conducted against gram-positive and gram-negative strains of bacteria for CuHA and CuBCP with results indicating potential bacteriostatic effects. The material that released the highest amount of Cu into aqueous solution also exhibited the largest inhibitory effect against <em>S. Aureus</em> (broth analyses) indicating a potential correlation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WIVIDOSA-Net: Wigner–Ville distribution based obstructive sleep apnea detection using single lead ECG signal","authors":"Amit Bhongade,&nbsp;Tapan Kumar Gandhi","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious condition causing intermittent breathing stops during sleep. Currently, it is diagnosed with polysomnography (PSG), which is costly and sometimes uncomfortable. Researchers are now exploring the use of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals as a potential alternative for diagnosing OSA. Here, we have proposed a novel deep learning model (DLM) to detect OSA using smoothed Wigner–Ville spectrograms (SWVSs) of ECG signals. The PhysioNet Apnea ECG Database (70 full-night ECG recordings) is used to validate the model performance. The proposed model first converted the per-minute ECG signals into WVSs and smoothened them using Savitzky–Golay (S–G) filtering. Then, SWVSs were fed as input to our newly developed DLM named WIgner–VIlle Distribution-based Obstructive Sleep Apnea convolutional neural network (WIVIDOSA-Net) as well as other standard pretrained ResNet-18 and ResNet-50 for comparison. The WIVIDOSA-Net model achieves an average classification accuracy of 90.09%, specificity of 91.12%, and sensitivity of 87.40% when evaluated using a tenfold cross-validation method. The proposed model extracts high-resolution spatial and temporal information, making the pipeline very effective in discriminating OSA episodes from normal. Therefore, it exhibits superior performance in comparison to all current state-of-the-art approaches, with a reduced computation burden due to its limited number of learnable parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase field modeling for fracture prediction in goat tibia using an open-source quantitative computer tomography based finite element framework","authors":"Debangshu Paul,&nbsp;Zachariah Arwood,&nbsp;Pierre-Yves Mulon,&nbsp;Dayakar Penumadu,&nbsp;Timothy Truster","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While predicting mechanical responses under various stress scenarios is of significant interest in the field of orthopedic research, finite element (FE) modeling studies specifically focusing on the tibia remain notably limited. Given that mechanical properties and structural form of goat tibiae closely mimic those of human tibiae, they can serve as excellent models for comparative orthopedic research. While existing literature on goat bone research offers rich <em>in vivo</em> models, it lacks a validated FE model of the tibia subjected to thorough spatial error assessment. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel FE modeling framework for goat tibia with prediction of failure load and crack location using a phase field fracture method. In particular, this study applies established model forms for the spatial density dependence of elastic moduli and fracture toughness from human long bones to the modeling of goat tibia for the first time and assesses the accuracy of simulated versus measured behavior. The framework involves constructing a mesh of the bone geometry from a 3D quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scan of the goat tibia. To make the process accessible and extensible, open-source software was utilized throughout the entire modeling process for the first time. To validate this FE model, we conducted a uniaxial compression test by applying the load along the shaft axis. A Digital Image Correlation (DIC) system provided high-resolution strain measurements across the surface of the tibia, with the results found to align well with FE simulation outcomes. Subsequently, a high-performance computing (HPC) environment was used to couple the elastic model with a phase field fracture model – resulting in fracture initiation and evolution predictions that closely mirror experimental observations. This QCT-based approach offers a framework for personalized modeling of goat tibia and, in the future, human tibiae, thereby enabling patient-specific analysis relating to fracture risk, implant effectiveness, and optimal treatment strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual probiotic and antibiotic therapy targeting bacterial vaginosis: An integrated experimental/computational modeling perspective","authors":"Bassam Fotouh ,&nbsp;Anthony J. Kyser ,&nbsp;Mohamed Y. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Hermann B. Frieboes","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel strategy delivering both metronidazole and <em>L. crispatus</em> via 3D-printed scaffolds was recently shown to target pathogens in bacterial vaginosis (BV) while promoting beneficial microflora with sustained probiotic release, with the objective to facilitate user treatment adherence. This study developed an integrated experimental/computational platform to evaluate dual therapeutic strategy efficacy over a wide range of system dynamics, towards the goal of personalized therapy design. Experiments evaluated <em>Gardnerella</em> and <em>L. crispatus</em> interactions under controlled glucose concentrations <em>in vitro</em>, including bacterial growth, glucose consumption, lactic acid production, and pH. These data informed parameters of a novel computational model simulating the vagina, incorporating nutrient dynamics, bacterial interactions, and dual release of antibiotics and probiotics from 3D-printed scaffolds. Efficacy of varying concentrations of antibiotics and probiotics was assessed via sensitivity analyses. Experimental results demonstrate that <em>L. crispatus</em> outcompetes <em>Gardnerella</em> at lower glucose concentrations, while <em>Gardnerella</em> dominates at higher glucose levels. The computational model replicated these dynamics and projected that dual therapy could significantly suppress <em>Gardnerella</em> while promoting <em>L. crispatus</em>, even at lower drug dosages and probiotic CFU counts. Results were validated against data from 3D-printed dual release scaffolds. Simulated dual treatment enhanced lactic acid production and decreased vaginal pH, creating an unfavorable environment for pathogenic bacteria and shifting the microbiome composition towards the beneficial microflora. We conclude that an integrated experimental/computational modeling approach enables detailed evaluation of pathogenic and host bacteria interactions in the vaginal microbiome. This approach could advance personalized treatment for BV that eradicates pathogens while simultaneously restoring beneficial microflora.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of nutrient-based alloying elements on biodegradable magnesium alloys: Evolution, challenges, and strategies for orthopaedic applications","authors":"Pradeep Raja C ,&nbsp;Karthik Babu N B ,&nbsp;N S Balaji ,&nbsp;A Saikiran ,&nbsp;Rajesh Kannan A","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, magnesium (Mg) alloys have become increasingly popular in orthopaedic applications as biomaterials. Unlike traditional implants such as cobalt-chrome, stainless steel, and titanium alloys, Mg alloys offer notable advantages, including outstanding biodegradability and biocompatibility. This characteristic eliminates the need for a second surgery after the bone healing process, a distinct advantage for patients. Additionally, Mg alloys address the issue of stress shielding, a common problem with other materials. Despite facilitating the osteoconductive process, their rapid degradation in physiological conditions poses a challenge, compromising mechanical strength and hindering bone tissue recovery. This degradation leads to tissue alkalization and the formation of hydrogen bubbles, hindering the recovery rate of bone tissues and limiting the applications of Mg alloys. And the rapid degradation of magnesium alloys in physiological conditions accelerates corrosion and compromises mechanical integrity, affecting their load-bearing capacity. Enhancing structural integrity is essential to ensure sufficient strength during bone healing, aligning the degradation rate with the physiological process. To reduce the fast degradation rate, extensive research has been conducted in mechanical and corrosion-based studies, focusing on altering the biomedical performance of Mg alloys through alloying elements, processing routes, and other strategies. One approach involves mixing pure magnesium with nutrient materials and reinforcing it with hydroxyapatite. These modifications aim to match the corrosion rate with the healing rate of bone tissue. This paper explores the significance of biodegradable Mg alloys, providing a comprehensive review of their evolution and development. It emphasises enhancing the mechanical and corrosion properties of Mg alloys by adjusting the percentage of alloying elements, employing specific processing strategies, and incorporating reinforcements. The discussion particularly emphasizes the impact of nutrient elements, binary and ternary alloys, as well as hydroxyapatite composites of magnesium-based alloys in physiological conditions. Furthermore, the review highlights emerging technologies like Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), offering a general perspective on improving the mechanical and corrosion properties of Mg alloys for orthopaedic use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polycarbonate/antibacterial blend nanocomposites in material extrusion 3D printing: Thermomechanical response, rheology, and biocidal metrics","authors":"Markos Petousis ,&nbsp;Nektarios K. Nasikas ,&nbsp;Vassilis Papadakis ,&nbsp;Maria Spyridaki ,&nbsp;Evangelos Sfakiotakis ,&nbsp;Amalia Moutsopoulou ,&nbsp;Apostolos Argyros ,&nbsp;Evgenia Dimitriou ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Michailidis ,&nbsp;Nectarios Vidakis","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The motivation of the research was to introduce nanocomposites with the polycarbonate (PC) thermoplastic as the matrix material, with biocidal capabilities and improved mechanical performance for the material extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing (AM) technique. Such nanocomposites have not been investigated so far. They would exploit the use of the PC thermoplastic and the MEX AM method in various types of applications with respective specifications, such as in the defense or security sector, in which PC is a popular thermoplastic already. We successfully synthesized a series of PC/antibacterial nanocomposites for the material extrusion 3D printing technique. The PC/antibacterial nanocomposites consisted of 2wt. % antibacterial nanopowder intervals (2–12wt. %). The as-prepared PC/antibacterial nanocomposite batches were converted into filaments and afterward 3D printed. The 3D printed materials were subjected to a series of experimental tests to determine their mechanical, thermal, rheological, physicochemical, morphological, structural, and biocidal properties, following the respective standards. The biocidal characterization of the various PC/antibacterial nanocomposites (agar well diffusion method, Mcfarland protocol) provided evidence that both the enhanced mechanical properties (29.1 % improvement of the tensile strength with 4 wt. % nanopowder loading) and biocidal activity (gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative <em>Escherichia coli</em> were tested) of the 3D printed PC/antibacterial nanocomposites are feasible. We have concluded that the maximization of the above-mentioned multifunctionalities can be achieved for moderate loadings of antibacterial nanopowder while the 3D printing of such PC/Antibacterial nanocomposites produces high-quality parts which can find important applications in the Defence and Security domain but also “dual – use” applications in the civil domain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive manufacturing of silicone for biomedical applications","authors":"Deon Johan de Beer ,&nbsp;Thywill Cephas Dzogbewu ,&nbsp;Van Der Walt Kobus","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The manufacturing of silicone-based elastomers has been the center of research for several decades and the renaissance of the manufacturing industry via additive manufacturing (AM) seems to verve the hype of the widespread industrial applications of silicone by providing solutions to the challenges of manufacturing components with the material through the classical manufacturing approach. The unique flexibility of silicone combined with the geometrical precision printing capability of the AM has enabled the manufacturing of intricate microfluidics structures with surface functionalization properties, bionic fingers, wearable devices, bespoke nasal prostheses, customized sports mouth guards, heart valves, etc. The impending challenges such as the formulation of the silicone resin with the right viscosity, slow curing process, shear-thinning, printing of overhanging structures, small dimensions, printing speed, poor resolution, etc. are paving the way and becoming the driving force for progressive innovative research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}