Biomedical engineering advances最新文献

{"title":"A review of fluid-structure interaction: blood flow in arteries","authors":"Zubeir Allum Saib ,&nbsp;Farid Abed ,&nbsp;Mergen H. Ghayesh ,&nbsp;Marco Amabili","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past decade, Fluid-Structure Interaction studies related to blood vessels have been an active area of research, as they adequately capture the multiphysics of blood flow within the circulatory system. Despite the growing interest, only few state-of-the-art reviews have been published in the literature, each focusing individually on the coronary artery, carotid artery, aorta, heart valves and peripheral arteries. This systematic review assesses the current research and implications of Fluid-Structure Interaction implementation strategies in relation to human arteries. It is meant to comprehensively amalgamate research studies on an array of arteries coupled with cardiovascular complications such as atherosclerosis, plaque calcification, aneurysms, aortic dissections and valve dysfunction. It additionally covers computational finite element and finite volume solver demands, coupling schemes, inlet and outlet boundary conditions specifications, Newtonian and non-Newtonian blood rheological properties, laminar and turbulent flow types, as well as the modelling of the vessel wall’s hyperelastic and viscoelastic mechanical behavior. The research information is retrieved from the last ten years and summarized in a tabulated format, to help researchers in easily extracting useful information for future investigations and reviews.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECG-based cardiac arrhythmia classification using fuzzy encoded features and deep neural networks","authors":"Kiruthika Balakrishnan ,&nbsp;Durgadevi Velusamy ,&nbsp;Karthikeyan Ramasamy ,&nbsp;Lisiane Pruinelli","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cardiac arrhythmia, characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, is a leading cause of sudden and unexpected deaths among patients with cardiovascular diseases. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a widely utilized non-invasive tool for detecting cardiac arrhythmias. This study investigates the effectiveness of ECG signals in diagnosing various irregular heart rhythms and proposes a novel framework integrating a fuzzy system with deep neural networks. Our approach combines Fourier–Bessel Series Expansion (FBSE)-Tunable Q Wavelet Transform (TQWT) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for automatic arrhythmia classification. Compared to conventional deep learning models that rely on raw ECG signals, our method enhances interpretability and feature extraction by incorporating time–frequency analysis and fuzzy feature encoding. Experimental validation using the MIT-BIH dataset demonstrated that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art models in classifying five arrhythmia categories (N, SVEB, VEB, Q, and F) based on the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) standards. Our model achieved precision scores of 0.98 (N), 0.95 (F), 0.98 (VEB), 0.90 (SVEB), and 0.99 (Q), with corresponding recall values of 1.00 (N), 0.74 (F), 0.93 (VEB), 0.72 (SVEB), and 0.98 (Q). The integration of FBSE-TQWT with a fuzzy deep neural network represents a substantial advancement in ECG-based arrhythmia detection, offering improved accuracy, robustness, and clinical applicability, particularly in distinguishing minority classes such as supraventricular ectopic beats (SVEB) and fusion beats (F).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negative magnetophoresis guided unidirectional cell patterning on culture surface","authors":"Melike Cagan-Algan ,&nbsp;Muge Anil-Inevi ,&nbsp;Seren Kecili ,&nbsp;Ece Inal ,&nbsp;H. Cumhur Tekin ,&nbsp;Gulistan Mese ,&nbsp;Engin Ozcivici","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cell patterning is a significant tool in tissue engineering, enabling the directed deposition of cells into specific locations to achieve biological relevance. Conventional cell patterning techniques often involve time-consuming modifications or bioprinting, potentially affecting cell viability. This study presents a novel, single-step magnetic patterning system for label-free linear cell patterning using negative magnetophoresis. A custom magnetic system and culture chamber enabled the rapid (3 h) imprinting of cells on a surface without substrate modification. This approach achieved linear patterns with a thickness of ∼1 mm using a safe concentration of a paramagnetic agent (5 mM Gadolinium chelate, Gadobutrol). The patterns maintained structural integrity for 48 h and were successfully combined with osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation protocols. This cost-effective and contactless manipulation technique holds promise for diverse applications in tissue engineering, drug discovery, and fundamental cell biology research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143894351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D printed titanium TPMS for personalised tibial bone implant","authors":"Martin Appiah ,&nbsp;Abul Arafat ,&nbsp;Abhishek Gupta ,&nbsp;Arun Arjunan ,&nbsp;Ahmad Baroutaji ,&nbsp;John Robinson ,&nbsp;Chameekara T. Wanniarachchi ,&nbsp;Manpreet Singh ,&nbsp;Neil Ashwood ,&nbsp;Aaron Vance","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porous titanium scaffolds offer hope for reducing stress shielding and encouraging new bone growth, moving the field closer to personalised load bearing implants. This study explores four triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) tibial scaffolds informed by Gyroid (GSC), Lidinoid (LSC), Diamond (DSC), and Schwartz Primitive (SSC) unit cells. These scaffolds were made using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) 3D printing, with a targeted porosity of 60 % to closely match the mechanical behaviour of natural tibial bone. Mechanical testing of these scaffolds revealed an elastic modulus of 10.42 to 13.62 GPa and compressive strengths ranging from 209 to 393 MPa, meeting the requirements for load-bearing tibial implants. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods, AHP and TOPSIS, were applied to evaluate the designs, considering four favourable factors of relative importance in the order porosity&gt;yield strength&gt;elastic modulus&gt;ultimate strength. This analysis identified SSC scaffold featuring Schwartz Primitive architecture as the most promising candidate for load-bearing applications. The biological compatibility of these scaffolds was also found to be equally compelling. In vitro testing with U-2OS osteosarcoma cells confirmed high cell viability, underscoring the cytocompatibility of these TPMS designs and reinforcing their potential for biomedical applications. Together, these findings offer a path toward the use of titanium scaffolds in orthopaedics, setting the stage for further in vivo studies and a potential breakthrough in functional bone implant design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical design of 3D printed bone tissue scaffolds with tunable anisotropy","authors":"Abdullah Al Masud ,&nbsp;Amit Arefin ,&nbsp;Nava Raj Khatri ,&nbsp;AKM Ahasun Habib ,&nbsp;Ming-Chien Chyu ,&nbsp;Paul F. Egan","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing is enabling the design of intricate biomedical structures with tuned mechanics for bone tissue engineering. Tuning structures to mimic the effective anisotropic mechanical properties of bone, however, remains challenging due to difficulties in recreating bone’s hierarchical geometry and porous structure. Here, we introduce beam-based lattices with tunable unit cell aspect ratios and hierarchical pores to tailor the biomechanics of tissue engineering scaffolds for interbody spine fusion cages. BC-Tetra unit cells with beams along edges and diagonally from each corner to the center of a tetragonal unit volume were selected due to their mechanical efficiency and favorable geometry for tissue growth. Unit cells were designed with 500 and 800 µm diameter beams, porosities of 50 % and 70 %, and adjustable aspect ratios by tuning unit cell height. Scaffolds were printed using digital light processing with a biocompatible methacrylic polymer. Uniaxial mechanical compression experiments demonstrated that larger unit cell aspect ratios resulted in higher effective mechanical properties in the loading direction. Finite element analysis matched experimental trends and highlighted stress distributions for each tested lattice. Dimensional characterization demonstrated beams were printed larger than expected towards the center of the scaffold, that in turn decreased scaffold porosity while increasing stiffness. Large hierarchical voids were introduced to improve the consistency of printed beams throughout scaffolds and facilitate biological functioning. Mechanical testing demonstrated scaffolds of 40 % to 80 % porosity had stiffness from 3.9 to 8.4 kN/mm, suitable for vertebral bone fusion. These results enable improved design and fabrication of tissue scaffolds by providing new strategies for controlling anisotropy and hierarchy that could widely enhance regenerative medicine treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decision support systems for lower limb rehabilitation using electrical stimulation—A review","authors":"Tiago Franco ,&nbsp;Pedro Rangel Henriques ,&nbsp;Paulo Alves ,&nbsp;Maria João Varanda Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a comprehensive review of Decision Support Systems (DSS) for lower limb rehabilitation using Electrical Stimulation (ES), employing a rigorous two-part methodology. The first part involves a bibliometric analysis of articles from 1980 to 2023, while the second part is a systematic review of studies from 2019 to 2023, addressing six key research questions. The review identifies the main characteristics of DSS, such as data usage, sensitive data protection, reasoning techniques, and validation processes. It highlights the development focus on joint control systems, increasing interest in biofeedback and AI applications, and significant interest in FES-Cycling. Despite advancements, “decision support” remains in the early stages with simple architectures and limited data handling. Conversely, studies show advanced ES control models validated with neurological patients. This article emphasizes the need for sophisticated DSS that integrate data protection, reasoning methods, and patient monitoring to enhance rehabilitation outcomes and identifies significant gaps for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ion release and antibacterial assessment of copper-containing hydroxyapatite and biphasic calcium phosphates","authors":"Sierra K. Kucko ,&nbsp;Danielle L. Perry ,&nbsp;Randall E. Youngman ,&nbsp;Timothy J. Keenan","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper-containing hydroxyapatite (CuHA) is hypothesized to be an effective approach to hinder orthopedic infection. Copper (Cu) is well regarded for its antibacterial potential yet remains understudied in bioceramics. Herein, a series of CuHA were evaluated by probing the Cu²⁺ ion using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Additionally, particle size, surface area, and crystallinity measurements were performed. CuHA was heat-treated to form Cu-containing biphasic calcium phosphate (CuBCP), which enabled Cu release in aqueous solution to reach a maximum of 0.108 + 0.004 mg/L per 1m² powder compared to its CuHA counterpart, which showed no Cu release per 1m² powder. Agar diffusion and time-based bacterial broth analyses were conducted against gram-positive and gram-negative strains of bacteria for CuHA and CuBCP with results indicating potential bacteriostatic effects. The material that released the highest amount of Cu into aqueous solution also exhibited the largest inhibitory effect against <em>S. Aureus</em> (broth analyses) indicating a potential correlation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WIVIDOSA-Net: Wigner–Ville distribution based obstructive sleep apnea detection using single lead ECG signal","authors":"Amit Bhongade,&nbsp;Tapan Kumar Gandhi","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious condition causing intermittent breathing stops during sleep. Currently, it is diagnosed with polysomnography (PSG), which is costly and sometimes uncomfortable. Researchers are now exploring the use of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals as a potential alternative for diagnosing OSA. Here, we have proposed a novel deep learning model (DLM) to detect OSA using smoothed Wigner–Ville spectrograms (SWVSs) of ECG signals. The PhysioNet Apnea ECG Database (70 full-night ECG recordings) is used to validate the model performance. The proposed model first converted the per-minute ECG signals into WVSs and smoothened them using Savitzky–Golay (S–G) filtering. Then, SWVSs were fed as input to our newly developed DLM named WIgner–VIlle Distribution-based Obstructive Sleep Apnea convolutional neural network (WIVIDOSA-Net) as well as other standard pretrained ResNet-18 and ResNet-50 for comparison. The WIVIDOSA-Net model achieves an average classification accuracy of 90.09%, specificity of 91.12%, and sensitivity of 87.40% when evaluated using a tenfold cross-validation method. The proposed model extracts high-resolution spatial and temporal information, making the pipeline very effective in discriminating OSA episodes from normal. Therefore, it exhibits superior performance in comparison to all current state-of-the-art approaches, with a reduced computation burden due to its limited number of learnable parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase field modeling for fracture prediction in goat tibia using an open-source quantitative computer tomography based finite element framework","authors":"Debangshu Paul,&nbsp;Zachariah Arwood,&nbsp;Pierre-Yves Mulon,&nbsp;Dayakar Penumadu,&nbsp;Timothy Truster","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While predicting mechanical responses under various stress scenarios is of significant interest in the field of orthopedic research, finite element (FE) modeling studies specifically focusing on the tibia remain notably limited. Given that mechanical properties and structural form of goat tibiae closely mimic those of human tibiae, they can serve as excellent models for comparative orthopedic research. While existing literature on goat bone research offers rich <em>in vivo</em> models, it lacks a validated FE model of the tibia subjected to thorough spatial error assessment. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel FE modeling framework for goat tibia with prediction of failure load and crack location using a phase field fracture method. In particular, this study applies established model forms for the spatial density dependence of elastic moduli and fracture toughness from human long bones to the modeling of goat tibia for the first time and assesses the accuracy of simulated versus measured behavior. The framework involves constructing a mesh of the bone geometry from a 3D quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scan of the goat tibia. To make the process accessible and extensible, open-source software was utilized throughout the entire modeling process for the first time. To validate this FE model, we conducted a uniaxial compression test by applying the load along the shaft axis. A Digital Image Correlation (DIC) system provided high-resolution strain measurements across the surface of the tibia, with the results found to align well with FE simulation outcomes. Subsequently, a high-performance computing (HPC) environment was used to couple the elastic model with a phase field fracture model – resulting in fracture initiation and evolution predictions that closely mirror experimental observations. This QCT-based approach offers a framework for personalized modeling of goat tibia and, in the future, human tibiae, thereby enabling patient-specific analysis relating to fracture risk, implant effectiveness, and optimal treatment strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual probiotic and antibiotic therapy targeting bacterial vaginosis: An integrated experimental/computational modeling perspective","authors":"Bassam Fotouh ,&nbsp;Anthony J. Kyser ,&nbsp;Mohamed Y. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Hermann B. Frieboes","doi":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bea.2025.100163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel strategy delivering both metronidazole and <em>L. crispatus</em> via 3D-printed scaffolds was recently shown to target pathogens in bacterial vaginosis (BV) while promoting beneficial microflora with sustained probiotic release, with the objective to facilitate user treatment adherence. This study developed an integrated experimental/computational platform to evaluate dual therapeutic strategy efficacy over a wide range of system dynamics, towards the goal of personalized therapy design. Experiments evaluated <em>Gardnerella</em> and <em>L. crispatus</em> interactions under controlled glucose concentrations <em>in vitro</em>, including bacterial growth, glucose consumption, lactic acid production, and pH. These data informed parameters of a novel computational model simulating the vagina, incorporating nutrient dynamics, bacterial interactions, and dual release of antibiotics and probiotics from 3D-printed scaffolds. Efficacy of varying concentrations of antibiotics and probiotics was assessed via sensitivity analyses. Experimental results demonstrate that <em>L. crispatus</em> outcompetes <em>Gardnerella</em> at lower glucose concentrations, while <em>Gardnerella</em> dominates at higher glucose levels. The computational model replicated these dynamics and projected that dual therapy could significantly suppress <em>Gardnerella</em> while promoting <em>L. crispatus</em>, even at lower drug dosages and probiotic CFU counts. Results were validated against data from 3D-printed dual release scaffolds. Simulated dual treatment enhanced lactic acid production and decreased vaginal pH, creating an unfavorable environment for pathogenic bacteria and shifting the microbiome composition towards the beneficial microflora. We conclude that an integrated experimental/computational modeling approach enables detailed evaluation of pathogenic and host bacteria interactions in the vaginal microbiome. This approach could advance personalized treatment for BV that eradicates pathogens while simultaneously restoring beneficial microflora.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72384,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical engineering advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}