Atherosclerosis plus最新文献

{"title":"Carotid intimamedia thickness in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia","authors":"Maud Ahmad ,&nbsp;Brooke A. Kennedy ,&nbsp;Surim Son ,&nbsp;Adam D. McIntyre ,&nbsp;Julieta Lazarte ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Robert A. Hegele","doi":"10.1016/j.athplu.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athplu.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><p>Severe hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), defined as plasma triglyceride (TG) concentration &gt; 10 mmol/L, is relatively uncommon, and its implications for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk remain somewhat unclear. We evaluated the association between severe HTG and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a marker for ASCVD.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We studied three clinical cohorts: 88 patients with severe HTG (mean TG level 20.6 mmol/L), 271 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) as a contrast group, and 70 normolipidemic controls. Carotid IMT was measured using standardized ultrasound imaging. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare mean IMT values, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to adjust for confounding variables, specifically age and sex, as well as Spearman pairwise correlation analysis between variables.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Unadjusted mean carotid IMT was greater in severe HTG and FH groups compared to controls, however, this was no longer significant for severe HTG after adjustment for age and sex. In contrast, adjusted carotid IMT remained significantly different between the FH and control groups.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings suggest that extreme TG elevations in severe HTG patients are not significantly associated with carotid IMT, in contrast to the increased IMT seen in FH patients. These findings add perspective to the complex relationship between severe HTG and ASCVD risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72324,"journal":{"name":"Atherosclerosis plus","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 7-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667089524000117/pdfft?md5=66e95fac89487f72c0bb4e8c1d754e6b&pid=1-s2.0-S2667089524000117-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140650951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucagon-like Peptide-1 analogues and delipidation of coronary atheroma in statin-treated type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease: The prespecified sub-analysis of the OPTIMAL randomized clinical trial","authors":"Yu Kataoka ,&nbsp;Satoshi Kitahara ,&nbsp;Sayaka Funabashi ,&nbsp;Hisashi Makino ,&nbsp;Masaki Matsubara ,&nbsp;Miki Matsuo ,&nbsp;Yoko Omura-Ohata ,&nbsp;Ryo Koezuka ,&nbsp;Mayu Tochiya ,&nbsp;Tamiko Tamanaha ,&nbsp;Tsutomu Tomita ,&nbsp;Kyoko Honda-Kohmo ,&nbsp;Michio Noguchi ,&nbsp;Kota Murai ,&nbsp;Kenichiro Sawada ,&nbsp;Takamasa Iwai ,&nbsp;Hideo Matama ,&nbsp;Satoshi Honda ,&nbsp;Masashi Fujino ,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Nakao ,&nbsp;Teruo Noguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.athplu.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athplu.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><p>Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated the ability of glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues (GLP-1RAs) to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). How GLP-1RAs modulate diabetic atherosclerosis remains to be determined yet.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The OPTIMAL study was a prospective randomized controlled study to compare the efficacy of 48-week continuous glucose monitoring- and HbA1c-guided glycemic control on near infrared spectroscopty (NIRS)/intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-derived plaque measures in 94 statin-treated patients with T2D (jRCT1052180152, UMIN000036721). Of these, 78 patients with evaluable serial NIRS/IVUS images were analyzed to compare plaque measures between those treated with (n = 16) and without GLP-1RAs (n = 72).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>All patients received a statin, and on-treatment LDL-C levels were similar between the groups (66.9 ± 11.6 vs. 68.1 ± 23.2 mg/dL, p = 0.84). Patients receiving GLP-1RAs demonstrated a greater reduction of HbA1c [-1.0 (-1.4 to −0.5) vs. −0.4 (-0.6 to −0.2)%, p = 0.02] and were less likely to demonstrate a glucose level &gt;180 mg/dL [-7.5 (-14.9 to −0.1) vs. 1.1 (-2.0 - 4.2)%, p = 0.04], accompanied by a significant decrease in remnant cholesterol levels [-3.8 (-6.3 to −1.3) vs. −0.1 (-0.8 - 1.1)mg/dL, p = 0.008]. On NIRS/IVUS imaging analysis, the change in percent atheroma volume did not differ between the groups (−0.9 ± 0.25 vs. −0.2 ± 0.2%, p = 0.23). However, GLP-1RA treated patients demonstrated a greater frequency of maxLCBI_4mm regression (85.6 ± 0.1 vs. 42.0 ± 0.6%, p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the GLP-1RA use was independently associated with maxLCBI_4mm regression (odds ratio = 4.41, 95%CI = 1.19–16.30, p = 0.02).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In statin-treated patients with T2D and CAD, GLP-1RAs produced favourable changes in lipidic plaque materials, consistent with its stabilization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72324,"journal":{"name":"Atherosclerosis plus","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667089524000099/pdfft?md5=62075046dc5f7ac01d5b74dc5d82f5dd&pid=1-s2.0-S2667089524000099-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140350741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment intensification with bempedoic acid to achieve LDL-C goal in patients with ASCVD: A simulation model using a real-world patient cohort in the US","authors":"Kristen Migliaccio-Walle ,&nbsp;David Elsea ,&nbsp;Anand Gupta ,&nbsp;Evelyn Sarnes ,&nbsp;Kristel Griffith ,&nbsp;Rajshree Pandey ,&nbsp;Kristin Gillard","doi":"10.1016/j.athplu.2024.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athplu.2024.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><p>Guidelines recommend that high-risk patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) be treated with maximally tolerated statins to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. In patients whose LDL-C remains elevated, non-statin adjunct therapies, including ezetimibe (EZE), bempedoic acid (BA), and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors are recommended.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The impact of BA and EZE in a fixed-dose combination (FDC) on LDL-C goal attainment was evaluated using a simulation model developed for a United States cohort of high-risk adults with ASCVD. Treatment was simulated for 73,056 patients not at goal (LDL-C &gt;70 mg/dL), comparing BA + EZE (FDC), EZE only, and no oral adjunct therapy (NOAT). The addition of PCSK9 inibitors was assumed after 1 year in patients not at LDL-C goal. Treatment efficacy was estimated from clinical trials. Patient-level outcomes were predicted over a 10-year horizon accounting for treatment discontinuation and general mortality.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Baseline mean age of the cohort was 67 years, most were White (79%) and male (56%). A majority had established coronary artery disease (75%), 48% had diabetes, and mean LDL-C was 103.0 mg/dL. After 1 year, 79% of patients achieved LDL-C goal (mean, 61.1 mg/dL) with BA + EZE (FDC) compared to 58% and 42% with EZE (71.7 mg/dL) and NOAT (78.4 mg/dL), respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This simulation shows that adding BA + EZE (FDC) to maximally tolerated statins would result in more patients achieving LDL-C goal than adding EZE alone or NOAT.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72324,"journal":{"name":"Atherosclerosis plus","volume":"55 ","pages":"Pages 98-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667089524000075/pdfft?md5=9b906d47b10a988b17c20a7f84fb806a&pid=1-s2.0-S2667089524000075-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140290445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of hydroxychloroquine on cholesterol synthesis depends on the profile of cholesterol metabolism. A controlled clinical study","authors":"Piia Simonen ,&nbsp;Lotta Ulander ,&nbsp;Kari K. Eklund ,&nbsp;Mikko Niemi ,&nbsp;Janne T. Backman ,&nbsp;Helena Gylling ,&nbsp;Juha Sinisalo ,&nbsp;OXI pilot trial","doi":"10.1016/j.athplu.2024.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athplu.2024.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><p>Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has a variable effect on cholesterol synthesis. To clarify this, we assessed the effect of HCQ on the cholesterol-synthesis pathway in individuals with low and high cholesterol absorption efficiency.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>A total of 53 acute myocardial infarction patients with a constant statin dose randomized to receive HCQ or placebo for six months in a double-blind manner, were classified further into low (n = 26) and high (n = 27) cholesterol absorbers based on the median baseline serum cholestanol level. Serum lipids and biomarkers of cholesterol synthesis (squalene, lanosterol, zymostenol, desmosterol, and lathosterol) and absorption efficiency (sitosterol and cholestanol), were measured at baseline and one-, six-, and 12-month follow-up visits.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In low cholesterol absorbers, serum cholesterol concentration and cholesterol synthesis and absorption biomarkers did not differ between the HCQ and placebo groups. At one month, high cholesterol absorbers with HCQ had lower serum cholesterol concentration and serum lanosterol to cholesterol ratio in comparison to the placebo group (HCQ 3.18 ± 0.62 vs. placebo 3.71 ± 0.65, p = 0.042, and HCQ 10.4 ± 2.55 vs. placebo 13.1 ± 2.36, p = 0.008, respectively). At 12 months, serum desmosterol to cholesterol ratio was lower in HCQ users (HCQ 47.1 ± 7.08 vs. placebo 59.0 ± 13.1, p = 0.011).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>HCQ affects the cholesterol-synthesis pathway in high cholesterol absorbers. It reduces serum lanosterol and desmosterol ratios and consequently serum cholesterol concentration possibly by inhibiting the activity of lanosterol synthase as described earlier in <em>vitro</em> studies.</p></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><p>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02648464.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72324,"journal":{"name":"Atherosclerosis plus","volume":"55 ","pages":"Pages 93-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667089524000087/pdfft?md5=334b6cd36a8b60f9eb21b4e6208cec38&pid=1-s2.0-S2667089524000087-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140052435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Executive summary of the Hellenic Atherosclerosis Society guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemias - 2023","authors":"Katsiki N ,&nbsp;Filippatos Td ,&nbsp;Vlachopoulos C ,&nbsp;Panagiotakos D ,&nbsp;Milionis H ,&nbsp;Tselepis A ,&nbsp;Garoufi A ,&nbsp;Rallidis L ,&nbsp;Richter D ,&nbsp;Nomikos T ,&nbsp;Kolovou G ,&nbsp;Kypreos K ,&nbsp;Chrysohoou C ,&nbsp;Tziomalos K ,&nbsp;Skoumas I ,&nbsp;Koutagiar I ,&nbsp;Attilakos A ,&nbsp;Papagianni M ,&nbsp;Boutari C ,&nbsp;Kotsis V ,&nbsp;Liberopoulos E","doi":"10.1016/j.athplu.2024.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athplu.2024.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the main cause of death worldwide, and thus its prevention, early diagnosis and treatment is of paramount importance. Dyslipidemia represents a major ASCVD risk factor that should be adequately managed at different clinical settings. 2023 guidelines of the Hellenic Atherosclerosis Society focus on the assessment of ASCVD risk, laboratory evaluation of dyslipidemias, new and emerging lipid-lowering drugs, as well as diagnosis and treatment of lipid disorders in women, the elderly and in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, acute coronary syndromes, heart failure, stroke, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Statin intolerance is also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72324,"journal":{"name":"Atherosclerosis plus","volume":"55 ","pages":"Pages 74-92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266708952400004X/pdfft?md5=9461b24442f342030f6ea703f518b6fb&pid=1-s2.0-S266708952400004X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139936819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refined metabolite profiling in the collateral circulation of chronic total occlusion of coronary arteries: Insights from a metabolomics investigation","authors":"Hu Sigan,&nbsp;Li Min,&nbsp;Cheng Zengwei,&nbsp;Gao Shiyi,&nbsp;Kang Pinfang,&nbsp;Gao Dasheng","doi":"10.1016/j.athplu.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.athplu.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><p>To investigate the disparities in coronary collateral circulation (CCC) and peripheral serum metabolites among patients presenting with chronic total occlusion (CTO) of the coronary arteries, a non-targeted metabolic approach was employed.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cohort of 22 patients diagnosed with CTO of coronary arteries in the context of coronary heart disease (CHD) was selected for blood sample collection from CCC and peripheral arteries. The patients were categorized into two groups, namely CTO-C and CTO-P. The Waters UPLC I-Class Plus is combined with the Q Exactive high-resolution mass spectrometer for metabolite separation and detection. The acquired raw data from mass spectrometry is subsequently imported into Compound Discoverer 3.2 software for comprehensive analysis, which seamlessly integrates the BGI Metabolome Database (BMDB), mzCloud database, and ChemSpider online database. Subsequently, the identified differential metabolites were subjected to a metabolic pathway enrichment analysis, as documented in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 403 differential metabolites were identified in CCC and peripheral serum samples from patients with CTO of coronary arteries in CHD. Compared to the CTO-P group, the CTO-C group exhibited decreased levels of metabolites such as Testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), deoxyacetone, while demonstrating increased levels of metabolites including Progesterone, androstanone, <span>l</span>-threonine. The biosynthesis pathway of steroid hormones emerges as the key metabolic pathway significantly associated with differential metabolites.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Through metabolomics analysis, distinct differences in the CCC and peripheral serum metabolites have been identified among patients with CTO of coronary artery. Notably, a significant association between the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway and CCC has been observed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72324,"journal":{"name":"Atherosclerosis plus","volume":"55 ","pages":"Pages 63-73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667089524000063/pdfft?md5=491ff531ed673039c0eb470798322705&pid=1-s2.0-S2667089524000063-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139822013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing from lipoprotein apheresis to evolocumab treatment lowers circulating levels of arachidonic acid and oxylipins","authors":"Chaoxuan Wang ,&nbsp;Anne Kaufmann ,&nbsp;Nadja Kampschulte ,&nbsp;Ulf Elbelt ,&nbsp;Ursula Kassner ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen ,&nbsp;Anne Pietzner ,&nbsp;Christoph Schmöcker ,&nbsp;Dev Datta ,&nbsp;Tiziana Sanpietro ,&nbsp;Nils Helge Schebb ,&nbsp;Karsten-H. Weylandt ,&nbsp;Nadine Rohwer","doi":"10.1016/j.athplu.2024.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athplu.2024.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><p>Previous studies have shown that lipoprotein apheresis can modify the plasma lipidome and pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic lipid mediators. This has not been examined for treatment with protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors such as evolocumab, which are increasingly used instead of lipoprotein apheresis in treatment-resistant familial hypercholesterolemia. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of evolocumab treatment and lipoprotein apheresis on the fatty acid profile and on formation of lipid mediators in blood samples.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We analyzed blood samples from 37 patients receiving either lipoprotein apheresis or evolocumab treatment as part of a previous study. Patients were stratified according to receiving lipoprotein apheresis (n = 19) and evolocumab treatment (n = 18). Serum fatty acid analysis was performed using gas chromatography flame ionization detection and plasma oxylipin analysis was done using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Changing from lipoprotein apheresis to evolocumab treatment led to lower levels of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-6 PUFA) including arachidonic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and linoleic acid. Moreover, several n-6 PUFA-derived oxylipins were reduced after evolocumab treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Given that arachidonic acid, either directly or as a precursor, is associated with the development of inflammation and atherosclerosis, evolocumab-mediated reductions of arachidonic acid and its metabolites might have an additional beneficial effect to lower cardiovascular risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72324,"journal":{"name":"Atherosclerosis plus","volume":"55 ","pages":"Pages 55-62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667089524000051/pdfft?md5=23f877b024fd65e2df6b11040ee4351a&pid=1-s2.0-S2667089524000051-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139748466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases in people living with HIV on specific highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen: A systematic review of clinical studies","authors":"Haskly Mokoena ,&nbsp;Sihle E. Mabhida ,&nbsp;Joel Choshi ,&nbsp;Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla ,&nbsp;Bongani B. Nkambule ,&nbsp;Zandile J. Mchiza ,&nbsp;Duduzile E. Ndwandwe ,&nbsp;André P. Kengne ,&nbsp;Sidney Hanser","doi":"10.1016/j.athplu.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athplu.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite the improved efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in viral suppression, emerging evidence indicates an increased burden of noncommunicable diseases in people living with HIV (PLWH). Immune activation and persistently elevated levels of inflammation have been associated with endothelial dysfunction in PLWH, likely contributing to the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Here, electronic search databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct were used to retrieve scientific evidence reporting on any association between markers of endothelial function and CVD-related outcomes in PLWH on HAART. Extracted data was subjected to quality assessment using the Downs and Black checklist. Most (60 %) of the results indicated the presence of endothelial dysfunction in PLWH on HAART, and this was mainly through reduced flow mediated dilation and elevated serum makers of adhesion molecules like ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and P-selectin. The summarized evidence indicates an association between persistently elevated markers of endothelial dysfunction and a pro-inflammatory state in PLWH on HAART. Only a few studies reported on improved endothelial function markers in PLWH on HAART, while limited evidence is available to prove that endothelial dysfunction is associated with CVD-risk, which could be attributed to therapeutic effects of HAART. Limited studies with relatively high quality of evidence were included in this systematic review. In conclusion, results from this review lay an important foundation for future research, even a meta-analysis, that will improve the understanding of the contributing factors to the burden of CVDs in PLWH on HAART.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72324,"journal":{"name":"Atherosclerosis plus","volume":"55 ","pages":"Pages 47-54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667089524000038/pdfft?md5=e4d64fc4502624618419479fd933e822&pid=1-s2.0-S2667089524000038-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139731469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of carotid atherosclerosis with cognitive function and brain health: Findings from a UK tri-ethnic cohort study (Southall and Brent Revisited)","authors":"Rayan Anbar ,&nbsp;Siana Jones ,&nbsp;Nish Chaturvedi ,&nbsp;Carole Sudre ,&nbsp;Marcus Richards ,&nbsp;Salahaden R. Sultan ,&nbsp;Alun D. Hughes","doi":"10.1016/j.athplu.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athplu.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Cognitive function has an important role in determining the quality of life of older adults. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is common in older people and may compromise cognitive performance; however, the extent to which this is related to carotid atherosclerosis is unclear.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>We investigated associations between carotid atherosclerosis and cognitive function and neuroimaging markers of brain health in a UK multi-ethnic community-based sample including older people of European, South Asian, and African-Caribbean ethnicity.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Carotid plaques and intima-media thickness (cIMT) were assessed using ultrasound in 985 people (mean age 73.2y, 56 % male). Associations of carotid atherosclerosis with cognitive function (memory, executive function, language and CSI-D, a global measure of cognitive state) and neuroimaging measures (total brain volume, hippocampal volume, white matter (WM) lesion volume and coalescence score) were analysed using regression analyses, with and without adjustment for potential confounders using two models: 1) adjustment for age, sex, and ethnicity; 2) model 1 plus education, physical activity category, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, atrial fibrillation, smoking, previous CVD, alcohol consumption, and presence of chronic kidney disease.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>People with carotid plaque or higher cIMT had lower CSI-D score, poorer memory poorer executive function and higher WM lesion volume and coalescence. Language was poorer in people with plaque but was not correlated with cIMT. Associations with plaque were preserved after full adjustment (model 2) but relationships for cIMT were attenuated. Associations with other plaque characteristics were generally unconvincing after adjustment.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This multi-ethnic cohort study provides evidence that presence of carotid plaque, is associated with poorer cognitive function and brain health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72324,"journal":{"name":"Atherosclerosis plus","volume":"55 ","pages":"Pages 39-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667089524000026/pdfft?md5=79053354001869773ddc8ebecc474ca8&pid=1-s2.0-S2667089524000026-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139718689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The atorvastatin metabolite pattern in muscle tissue and blood plasma is associated with statin muscle side effects in patients with coronary heart disease; An exploratory case-control study","authors":"Trine Lauritzen ,&nbsp;John Munkhaugen ,&nbsp;Stein Bergan ,&nbsp;Kari Peersen ,&nbsp;Anja Camilla Svarstad ,&nbsp;Anders M. Andersen ,&nbsp;Jens Pahnke ,&nbsp;Einar Husebye ,&nbsp;Nils Tore Vethe","doi":"10.1016/j.athplu.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athplu.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><p>Statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) is a prevalent cause of statin discontinuation. It is challenging and time-consuming for clinicians to assess whether symptoms are caused by the statin or not, and diagnostic biomarkers are requested. Atorvastatin metabolites have been associated with SAMS. We aimed to compare atorvastatin pharmacokinetics between coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with and without clinically statin intolerance and statin-dependent histopathological alterations in muscle tissue. Secondarily we aimed to assess genetic variants relevant for the observed pharmacokinetic variables.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty-eight patients with CHD and subjective SAMS were included in the exploratory MUSE biomarker study in 2020. Participants received atorvastatin 40 mg/day for seven weeks followed by no statins for eight weeks. Muscle biopsies and blood were collected at the end of each period. Four patients were categorized as clinically intolerant to ≥3 statins prior to study start whereas four patients had signs of muscle cell damage during treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found significantly lower levels of atorvastatin acids, and higher lactone/acid ratios in the statin intolerant, both in muscle and plasma. With optimal cut-off, the combination of 2-OH-atorvastatin acid and the 2-OH-atorvastatin lactone/acid ratio provided sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of 100 %. Patients with variants in <em>UGT1A1</em> and <em>UGT1A3</em> had higher lactone metabolite levels than those with wild type, both in muscle and plasma.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Atorvastatin metabolites appear promising as biomarkers for the identification of clinical statin intolerance in patients with self-perceived SAMS, but the findings have to be confirmed in larger studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72324,"journal":{"name":"Atherosclerosis plus","volume":"55 ","pages":"Pages 31-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667089524000014/pdfft?md5=ab6ad49fe798e091c4158bd231681873&pid=1-s2.0-S2667089524000014-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139487595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}