ASSETS. Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies最新文献

{"title":"Janus: A data management and analysis system for the behavioral sciences","authors":"J. Stamen, R. M. Wallace","doi":"10.1145/800192.805717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800192.805717","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the Janus data management and analysis system which has been designed at the Cambridge Project. A prototype of Janus is currently running on the Multics time-sharing system at M.I.T. The data model for the design of Janus is very general and should be usable as a model for data handling in general, as well as for Janus in particular. The Janus command language is an English-like language based on procedural functions - such as define, display, and delete - which act on logical objects from the data model, such as datasets, attributes and entities. For example, delete-attribute, define-attribute and define-dataset are all commands. The implementation of Janus is interesting for a number of reasons: it runs on the Multics system which has segmented and paged memory; it is based almost entirely on datasets (tables), which describe each other as well as themselves; and it is organized in a functionally modular way that is often talked about, but less often done.","PeriodicalId":72321,"journal":{"name":"ASSETS. Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies","volume":"81 1","pages":"273-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84309713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer people and their attitudes toward computerization: A social survey of the ACM'70 Conference","authors":"Ronald E. Anderson, Kay Troost","doi":"10.1145/800192.805686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800192.805686","url":null,"abstract":"During the 1970 ACM Annual Conference, a sample of persons were interviewed as they wandered through the exhibit hall. Both computer people and others were asked how they felt about computers and databanks. Although computer people are less negative in their orientation toward computers than the general public, both groups include a suprisingly large number of persons who express negative attitudes toward computers. It appears that the gap between the computer world and the public is less than some have assumed.","PeriodicalId":72321,"journal":{"name":"ASSETS. Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies","volume":"30 1","pages":"87-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91249587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An adaptive microscheduler for a multiprogrammed computer system","authors":"Edgar M. Pass, J. Gwynn","doi":"10.1145/800192.805726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800192.805726","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is the description of the development and verification of a new, adaptive method of internal scheduling of resources, with the goal of the optimization of computer system performance. A general system effectiveness measure is defined which parametrically encompasses the prototypical system effectiveness measures to be considered. The adaptive internal scheduler then selects such tasks for resource allocation request fulfillment that a local system effectiveness measure, derived from the general measure, is optimized, leading to semi-optimization of the general measure. The adaptive scheduler functions, as a second-order exponential estimator. A predicator-corrector algorithm functions as the adaptive controller by varying the estimator's parameters and the time of application of the estimator in response to the nature of the sequence of deviations between the predicted and actual values of resource utilization. In order to validate the new scheduler, a workload description in the form of task profile distributions was gathered by a software monitor on the Georgia Tech B5700 running a live job stream. A simulator was developed to allow the comparison of the new scheduler with other nonadaptive schedulers shown to be good by various researchers, under various general system effectiveness measure prototypes. The simulators was validated by running it with the B5700 TSSMCP scheduler against the B5700 workload job profiles. Values resulting from the simulation checked against those of the measured B5700 system quite well. The results of other simulation runs show that the new adaptive scheduler is clearly statistically superior to other schedulers under most measures considered and is inferior to no other scheduler under any measure considered, at least in that environment. Only the new internal scheduler is described here.","PeriodicalId":72321,"journal":{"name":"ASSETS. Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":"327-331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89749645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The computer animated film: A dynamic cartography","authors":"Harold Modellering","doi":"10.1145/800192.805682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800192.805682","url":null,"abstract":"In the mid 1960's it became evident that the computer animated film offered great potential for developments in the field of cartography. The following example is a realization of that perception. Traffic crash coordinate data from Washtenaw County Michigan for the years 1968-1970 has been assembled and subsequently displayed in a computer generated film animation. The symbol display algorithm is written so that as a crash increases in severity of injury, the larger the symbol and the longer it is displayed. Two crash sequences are displayed: the first in chronological order from 1968-1970 by 24 hour increments, and the second for a composite week by 15 minute increments. The result is a computer animated film about 7 minutes duration.","PeriodicalId":72321,"journal":{"name":"ASSETS. Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies","volume":"5 1","pages":"64-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79852358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer-assisted instruction for the deaf: The Stanford project","authors":"J. D. Fletcher","doi":"10.1145/800192.805742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800192.805742","url":null,"abstract":"An overview is presented of the design and evaluation of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) for hearing-impaired, or 'deaf', students undertaken by the Institute for Mathematical Studies in the Social Sciences (IMSSS) at Stanford University. In 1972-73, curriculums developed by the Institute were used by more than 2,000 students in 14 elementary and secondary schools for the deaf in California, Oklahoma, Texas, Florida, and the District of Columbia. These curriculums were presented by the IMSSS computer system which used dedicated telephone lines to communicate with CAI terminals in the participating schools.","PeriodicalId":72321,"journal":{"name":"ASSETS. Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies","volume":"33 1","pages":"394-395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76905250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer Impact on Society perspective on a new NSF initiative","authors":"P. Lykos, M. Morgan, F. Weingarten","doi":"10.1145/800192.805738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800192.805738","url":null,"abstract":"A longstanding interest in the Office of Computing Activities, National Science Foundation, in the impact of computers on society has, over the past two years, evolved rapidly into a new administrative unit, the Computer Impact on Society Section in OCA.\u0000 This nebulous area has already been given form through a set of funded grant proposals.\u0000 Some expected future directions of growth for the program are discussed.","PeriodicalId":72321,"journal":{"name":"ASSETS. Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies","volume":"25 1","pages":"374-380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83058328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two results concerning the power of two-way deterministic Pushdown Automata","authors":"Daniel Martin, J. Gwynn","doi":"10.1145/800192.805729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800192.805729","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that there is no one-way, non-deterministic Pushdown Automaton (INPDA) which is a universal machine for the class of Finite Automata [6]. We will show that there is a two-way, deterministic Pushdown Automaton (2DPDA), U, which is a universal machine for the class of Finite Automata (FA). Our method will parallel Knuth and Bigelow's construction of a language which is not context sensitive but which is the acceptance set of some stack automaton [5], that is, we will construct a language which is not context-free, but which is accepted by a 2DPDA.","PeriodicalId":72321,"journal":{"name":"ASSETS. Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies","volume":"7 1","pages":"342-344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83086735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A communications device for the severely handicapped","authors":"G. Vanderheiden, D. Lamers, A. M. Volk, C. Geisler","doi":"10.1145/800192.805743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800192.805743","url":null,"abstract":"A student initiated project has led to the use of a new technique and the development of a new device which can provide a means of communication for severely handicapped people, especially useful for those who are both mute and unable to use a typewriter. The device, called the Auto-Com (Auto-Monitoring Communication Board), was developed especially for use by individuals with afflictions which result in severe spastic motions.\u0000 For these individuals, most devices that utilize switches are extremely difficult or impossible to operate. This is due to the fact that normal switches, levers and keyboards all rely on a discrete motion of some form for their operation. Because of sporadic motions, these people are constantly making errors due to false triggering of the switches. These errors are very frustrating for them and usually result in rapid rejection of the device.\u0000 Some devices have been developed which overcome the spastic motion problem by using large, gross motor movements as the signal source. In this manner switches can be successfully used, but their number is limited. Special techniques are then required to specify all of the alphanumeric characters with these few switches.\u0000 In contrast, the Auto-Com copes with the problem of spastic motion by using the lack of motion rather than its presence as its control signal. Thus, any sudden Jerks, movements or lack of control will be ignored, allowing error-free control. This technique also allows the close packing of signal switches: more than 80 of them are located in a 12\" × 15\" area. This large number of switches allows a simple one-to-one relationship between the switches and the characters, making understanding and operation of the unit simple, even for a young child. This direct specification of each letter also reduces the time needed by the user to select a letter.\u0000 The current model of the Auto-Com consists of a sensing board, a hand-piece and several output devices. The sensing board is similar in appearance to a “language board”, a commonly used communication technique for the handicapped. A typical language board is a flat piece of wood with letters, numbers and some common words painted on it. The handicapped person communicates by pointing out the letters of his message to another person. The Auto-Com works in much the same manner except that it is auto-monitoring. It does not require the presence of another person. Like the language board, the surface of the sensing board is hard and smooth and has letters painted on it. Communication is accomplished by sliding the handpiece over the board's surface until its black post (a magnet) is located over a desired letter. A magnetic reed switch located directly underneath that letter is then closed. If the magnet is kept there for a short (adjustable) period of time, the letter is printed on the TV screen or teletype unit. Since the magnet does not need to stand absolutely still, but only remain within an area surrounding the letter, the","PeriodicalId":72321,"journal":{"name":"ASSETS. Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies","volume":"21 1","pages":"396-397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81891112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary design for POPSY - a POlyProcessor SYstem","authors":"M. Harrison","doi":"10.1145/800192.805677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800192.805677","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines the objectives and preliminary design for an experimental <underline>PO</underline>ly<underline>P</underline>rocessor <underline>SY</underline>stem (POPSY) which we hope to build at the Courant Institute. The motivation for this work is our belief that the dramatic reduction in hardware costs which we expect to result from large-scale integration (LSI) will affect the architecture of computer systems in a significant way. In particular, we expect there to be the following main results\u0000 - the reduction in importance of program efficiency\u0000 - the use of software to replace hardware\u0000 The SETL work<supscrpt>1</supscrpt> is concerned with one approach to the first. Here we are concerned with the second.","PeriodicalId":72321,"journal":{"name":"ASSETS. Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":"39-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88328699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of a dynamic tree searching algorithm in a chess programme","authors":"Gerhard Wolf","doi":"10.1145/800192.805704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800192.805704","url":null,"abstract":"Algorithms searching game trees for games like chess, checkers etc. must have two features: They must find a good solution by inspecting all relevant parts of the tree and they must do it within acceptable time. According to that, most existing algorithms have two principal weaknesses: inconsistency and redundancy. By inconsistency I understand that not all relevant parts of the tree are considered or that parts are considered or pruned for incorrect reasons. Typical inconsistencies are fixed depth limitations, incorrect quiescence analysis and the ordinary methods of forward pruning. Consistency is a sufficient, but fortunately not always necessary condition for correct results.","PeriodicalId":72321,"journal":{"name":"ASSETS. Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies","volume":"11 1","pages":"206-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73360024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}