Archives of clinical and biomedical research最新文献

{"title":"Sudden Death Induced by Acute Inhalation of Aerosolized Carfentanil.","authors":"Xiuping Gao, Jianguo Zhuang, Zikuan Chen, Shan Shi, Fadi Xu","doi":"10.26502/acbr.50170440","DOIUrl":"10.26502/acbr.50170440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bilateral Inhalation of carfentanil (CRF) aerosol could rapidly induce death in humans and CRF aerosol exposure induces respiratory depression in animals; however, the dynamic progression of cardiorespiratory failure leading to sudden death induced by acute CRF aerosol exposure remains unclear. This study aimed to establish a rat model that allows dynamically characterizing the cardiorespiratory failure prior to death following acute exposure to a lethal concentration of CRF aerosol. Two groups of anesthetized and spontaneously breathing rats were exposed to aerosolized vehicle and CRF (4 mg/m³) for 10 minutes respectively. CRF exposure resulted in 100% mortality among the tested rats. The cardiorespiratory responses were characterized sequentially by: immediate ventilatory depression resulting from rapidly developed bradypnea, persistent ventilatory depression, and hypotension and significant irregularities in both breathing (ataxic breathing) and heart beat rhythms that ultimately caused ventilatory and cardiac arrest at 7.7 ± 0.6 and 9.0 ± 0.7 minutes, respectively, after the onset of CRF exposure. Our results establish a rat model of cardiorespiratory failure and sudden death resulted from acute exposure to CRF aerosol. This model may facilitate further investigation into the mechanisms underlying cardiorespiratory failure and the development of potential countermeasures.</p>","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"9 2","pages":"96-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12143490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Antidepressants on Weight Gain: Underlying Mechanisms and Mitigation Strategies.","authors":"Michael Mouawad, Leena Nabipur, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antidepressants are widely prescribed for major depressive disorder and anxiety, yet their long-term use is associated with weight gain, affecting up to 55-65% of patients. This adverse effect contributes to treatment discontinuation, relapse, and worsened metabolic health outcomes, including increased risk for obesity and type 2 diabetes. This artic le presents a critical evaluation of the published reports on the mechanisms underlying antidepressant-induced weight gain, comparative effects across drug classes, and mitigation strategies. Weight gain varies significantly by antidepressant class. Tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and a tetracyclic antidepressant, mirtazapine, are associated with the most substantial weight increases, while selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors typically induce weight gain after prolonged use. Mechanisms involve serotonergic and dopaminergic signaling, receptor desensitization, insulin resistance, and altered leptin and ghrelin levels. Genetic factors, including CYP2C19 metabolizer status, and lifestyle factors such as baseline body mass index and diet, further influence risk. Bupropion, a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor, is the only commonly prescribed antidepressant consistently associated with weight loss or neutrality. Mitigation strategies include switching medications, adding agents like metformin or GLP-1 receptor agonists, and incorporating behavioral interventions. Antidepressant-induced weight gain is a multifactorial issue requiring individualized management. Understanding pharmacologic mechanisms and patient-specific risk factors is essential for optimizing treatment efficacy while minimizing metabolic burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"9 3","pages":"183-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12121960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herb Stevia Rebaudiana’s Functionalities, Safety, and Applications: A Review","authors":"Ji Li, Pradeep Thaker, D. Jiang, Qingrong Huang, Chi Tang Ho.","doi":"10.26502/acbr.50170320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/acbr.50170320","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to systematically review the functionalities, safety regulations and product applications of herb Stevia rebaudiana extract. This plant material is embedded with multiple functionalities such as antioxidant, antidiabetics, anti-inflammation and antimicrobial. The regulations released from global authorities are covered to ensure the safety premise of stevia. Besides, the product applications of the extract of aerial parts of the herb S. rebaudiana helps us to recognize its value from commercial side.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Relevant literatures are selected and obtained from main scientific databases such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed and trade magazines published between 2000 and 2023. The keywords and their possible combinations such as sweetening, antioxidant, antidiabetics, anti-inflammation, safety and product development were used to ensure the preciseness and completeness of literature searching. Major data such as sweetness, total phenolic content and dose together with latter critical conclusions from searched publications were appropriately used and discussed. In this review, approximately 150 scientific literatures were meticulously ordered and analyzed. In applications, it is the first time that sentiment analysis was used to obtain a market assessment of the stevia-containing products.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000This review paper helps rearrange the scientific affairs of those stevia extract’s functions like sweetening, antioxidant, antidiabetics and inflammation. Sweetness indexes of steviol glycosides were summarized together for comparison while various in vitro and in vivo approaches were reviewed to quantify those functions’ capacities and to depict the related mechanism. The regulation of steviol glycoside compounds such as rebaudioside A was established by global authorities such as US Food and Drug Administration and Joint FAO/World Health Organization Expert Committee to ensure the safety endorsement before commercialization. Then, this study discussed about the market performance of stevia ingredients or products with the self-developed data analytics. This study also investigated the product development progress of stevia-containing food products in the categories of beverage, bakery, dairy and confectionery. Those stevia-containing food consumer goods can be acceptable by certain consumers.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This review paper precisely presents the evidential information about the stevia’s multiple functionalities with mechanisms and global regulation milestones. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is then the first time to probe the stevia-containing products’ market performance through data analytics.\u0000","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44872843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strict Lockdown versus Flexible Social Distance Strategy for COVID-19 Disease: a Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.","authors":"Ben W Mol,&nbsp;Jonathan Karnon","doi":"10.26502/acbr.50170319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/acbr.50170319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To balance the costs and effects comparing a strict lockdown versus a flexible social distancing strategy for societies affected by Coronavirus-19 Disease (COVID-19).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cost-effectiveness analysis.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>We used societal data and COVID-19 mortality rates from the public domain.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>The intervention was a strict lockdown strategy that has been followed by Denmark. Reference strategy was flexible social distancing policy as was applied by Sweden. We derived mortality rates from COVID-19 national statistics, assumed the expected life years lost from each COVID-19 death to be 11 years and calculated lost life years until 31^st August 2020. Expected economic costs were derived from gross domestic productivity (GDP) statistics from each country's official statistics bureau and forecasted GDP. The incremental financial costs of the strict lockdown were calculated by comparing Sweden with Denmark using externally available market information. Calculations were projected per one million inhabitants. In sensitivity analyses we varied the total cost of the lockdown (range -50% to +100%).</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>Financial costs per life years saved.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Sweden, the number of people who died with COVID-19 was 577 per million inhabitants, resulting in an estimated 6,350 life years lost per million inhabitants. In Denmark, where a strict lockdown strategy was installed for months, the number of people dying with COVID-19 was on average 111 per million, resulting in an estimated 1,216 life years per million inhabitants lost. The incremental costs of strict lockdown to save one life year was US$ 137,285, and higher in most of the sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Comparisons of public health interventions for COVID-19 should take into account life years saved and not only lost lives. Strict lockdown costs more than US$ 130,000 per life year saved. As our all our assumptions were in favour of strict lockdown, a flexible social distancing policy in response to COVID19 is defendable.</p>","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"7 1","pages":"58-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10065462/pdf/nihms-1878571.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9287614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Trends, and Harm Perception Associated with E-Cigarettes and Vaping among Adolescents in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Bayan T Rayes,&nbsp;Abdulaziz Alalwan,&nbsp;Nasser M AbuDujain,&nbsp;Ali Darraj,&nbsp;Muath A Alammar,&nbsp;Hoda Jradi","doi":"10.26502/acbr.50170327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/acbr.50170327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Younger generations are an important market for the tobacco products industry since most smokers try their first cigarette before the age of 18. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are a common mode of smoking among teens, and the number of users is increasing exponentially.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to estimate the current prevalence of e-cigarettes and vaping usage among adolescents between the ages of 15 and 19 in the city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted among 534 students at four high schools. They were asked to complete a 23-item questionnaire retrieved from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were conducted. The study was approved by the Ministry of Health Saudi Arabia Medical Research Center Institutional Review Board committee on October 10, 2018 (research number 18-506E).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 109 (20.6%) of the participants reported being smokers of e-cigarettes. Being a male (OR = 1.55; 95% CI: [1.01-2.37]), in the second year of high school (OR = 2.91; 95% CI: [1.61-5.24], ever experimenting with regular tobacco cigarettes, being a current shisha smoker, living with a smoker, and believing that e-cigarettes are less addictive than traditional cigarettes are all factors independently associated with e-cigarette use in this sample of adolescents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among adolescent smokers, even minimal experience with smoking is correlated with pro-smoking attitudes. E-cigarette use is common in adolescents and related to the use of other combustible tobacco products. Tobacco control efforts at all levels should eliminate factors fostering future tobacco use to minimize the burden of disease and disability in vulnerable populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"7 2","pages":"147-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ff/92/nihms-1881284.PMC10062399.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9651024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sharing Singapore’s Experience in the Management of Obstetrics COVID-19 Patients","authors":"Eda Qiao Yan Lim, Thong Chuan Eugene Koh, L. Tan, Si Jack Chong Swee Boon Raymond Chua","doi":"10.26502/acbr.50170345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/acbr.50170345","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69341824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistência da Helicobacter pylori aos antibióticos utilizados em diferentes esquemas terapêuticos: uma revisão integrativa","authors":"Silvana Barbosa Santiago, Jéssica Alves Rodrigues, Felipe Augusto de Sousa Moraes, Gabriel Ribeiro Maximo, Giovana Alice Sampaio Soares, Mônica Santiago Barbosa","doi":"10.22491/2357-9730.125639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22491/2357-9730.125639","url":null,"abstract":"Helicobacter pylori é uma bactéria gram-negativa que coloniza a mucosa gástrica de mais da metade da população mundial. A erradicação dessa bactéria é realizada com terapia tripla de primeira linha para reduzir o aparecimento de doenças gástricas relacionadas à infecção. H. pylori foi considerada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde uma das principais bactérias que necessitam de novas estratégias para o desenvolvimento de fármacos. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever o padrão de resistência da H. pylori frente aos antibióticos utilizados em diferentes esquemas terapêuticos. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, cujo levantamento dos artigos foi efetuado nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACS, Science Direct e SciELO. Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos publicados em português e inglês, indexados nos últimos dez anos, com acesso livre na íntegra e que abordassem a temática. Os resultados demonstraram médias nas taxas de resistência ao metronidazol de 47,6%, levofloxacina de 24,7% e claritromicina de 24,6%. Para tetraciclina e amoxicilina as médias foram 1,5% e 0,9% respectivamente. Esses resultados demonstram padrões variáveis de resistência e reforça a necessidade do desenvolvimento de novos fármacos. Conclui-se que o uso abusivo de antibióticos tem levado ao aumento da resistência da H. pylori aos antibióticos usados na erradicação.","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Her 2/Neu Equivocal Immunochemistry by Fish in Breast Carcinoma – A Study from Single Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Naiding Momota, Choudhury Biswadeep, Duttagupta Sumita, Deuri Biman, Dasgupta Nivedita, Deb Saurav, Sharma Jyotika","doi":"10.26502/acbr.50170367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/acbr.50170367","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Both IHC and FISH were used for Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 status testing but for confirmation of all equivocal specimens having +2 score (Her-2 status) in IHC, the FISH method is used. We report a prospective study to reflect the concordance between IHC and FISH in Her-2 status confirmation.","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135959783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methotrexate Induced Neurotoxicity in Osteosarcoma: Case Report and Narrative Review of the Literature Published On:","authors":"Irene Tsappa, Pampina Pilavaki, E. Fotiou, Anastasia Costanntinidou","doi":"10.26502/acbr.50170359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/acbr.50170359","url":null,"abstract":", lymphomas, and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia [1,4]. Patients under this treatment may experience a variety of side effects. Oral mucositis, gastrointestinal toxicity, nephrotoxicity, and myelosuppression are the commonest ones [5,6]. Only up to 11% of patients may develop a form of neurotoxicity [1]. MTX induced Abstract Methotrexate (MTX) is a cytotoxic antimetabolite, which interferes with folic acid metabolism. The term high dose Methotrexate (HDMTX) refers to doses over 500 mg /m2 which are currently used to treat not only hematological malignancies but also solid neoplasms. Patients receiving intravenous (IV) HDMTX as part of their regime often experience a variety of side effects such as oral and gastrointestinal mucositis, nephrotoxicity and bone marrow suppression. Approximately 11% of these patients develop neurological symptoms and signs suggestive of MTX induced neurotoxicity, a condition, which is further, classified as acute, subacute and chronic depending on the time of onset. In this report we present a 22-year-old female with a high grade chondroblastic osteosarcoma of the pelvis who developed an isolated central facial nerve palsy acutely after the administration of IV HDMTX. Furthermore, we conducted a narrative review using Pubmed and included all patients with osteosarcoma who developed a transient or a permanent neurologic deficit during their treatment with IV HDMTX. Most patients presented with symptoms involving higher cognitive function, seizures and stroke like symptoms. To our knowledge this is the first case with isolated central facial nerve palsy acutely after the administration of IV HDMTX.","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69341533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of terminal cleaning using ATP methodology: comparison of bleach and quaternary ammonium compound plus biguanide","authors":"Paola Cristini Gama Silva, Caroline Deutschendorf, Thiago Costa Lisboa, Cristofer Farias da Silva","doi":"10.22491/2357-9730.129414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22491/2357-9730.129414","url":null,"abstract":"Distinct protocols can be used to clean the hospital environment. This study used the ATP tool to evaluate cleaning protocols composed of either a quaternary ammonium compound plus biguanide (QACB) or bleach only. No statistical difference was found (p = 0.450) between QACB and bleach protocols, both being effective in hospital ward cleaning. So, it is possible to conclude that the use of QACB or bleach protocols ensures appropriate cleaning in health care, promoting a safe environment for patient use.","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135838231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}