Archives in biomedical engineering & biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"The Application of Biotechnology on Livestock Feed Improvement","authors":"M. Getabalew, T. Alemneh","doi":"10.33552/ABEB.2019.01.000522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/ABEB.2019.01.000522","url":null,"abstract":"Today demand for livestock products are becomes increasing because of the increasing world human population, income growth and increase of urbanization [1]. For example, total meat production in the developing world was tripled between 1980 and 2002, from 45 to 134 million tons. Demand for meat will grow only 0.6% in developed world compared with an annual increase of 2.8% in developing world. Most food of animal origin consumed in developing countries is currently supplied by small-scale and mixed crop-livestock producer or by pastoral livestock keepers by producing in traditional way [2].","PeriodicalId":72276,"journal":{"name":"Archives in biomedical engineering & biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46723329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining Biocatalysts and Semi-Synthesis to (Bio) Synthesize Recalcitrant Pharmaceuticals","authors":"Nik Kovinich","doi":"10.33552/ABEB.2019.01.000519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/ABEB.2019.01.000519","url":null,"abstract":"Most small molecules that were approved as anticancer drugs by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between 1981 and 2014 were derivatives of natural products (NPs) [1]. The most common approach for manufacturers to produce these molecules is by semior full synthesis. Despite the high efficiency and amenability to scale-up, (semi)synthesis often suffers from producing fractions of unwanted stereoor regio-specific isomers, particularly if blocking agents are not used, which can be costly and/or environmentally unfriendly. By contrast, enzymes can serve as regiospecific biocatalysts that maintain stereochemistry. With genetic engineering, enzymes can be expressed in heterologous hosts such as yeast or bacteria that have high expression potential, and can catalyze reactions using small molecule substrates fed through the culture medium. The shortfall of enzymes is that they are generally highly limited in the substrates that they can modify. However, some gene families commonly encode enzymes that are promiscuous (i.e. have broad substrate specificities) while being highly regiospecific. These include many plant UGTs (UDP:glycosedependent glycosyltransferases) or OMTs (O-methyltransferases). For example, UGT78K1 from soybean can transfer a hexose to the 3-O-position of at least 10 flavonol and anthocyanin molecules using UPD-glucose or UDP-galactose as a sugar donor [2]. GT83F from Medicago truncatula can transfer glucose to flavonoids and isoflavonoids when expressed in E. coli [3]. This raised the possibility that promiscuous enzymes could act on semi-synthetic substrates to make novel molecules for bioactivity testing. We recently demonstrated that an OMT from rice, namely OsNOMT, can methylate the 7-O-position of a semi-synthetic dibrominated derivative of the NP apigenin, despite that its natural substrate is naringenin [4]. We further demonstrated that the efficiency to produce our target molecule 6,8-dibromogenkwanin could be changed depending on the order in which semi-synthesis and biocatalysis ‘modules’ were employed [4]. Based on this proof-of-concept, we propose that repositories of gene constructs that encode biocatalysts along with a database of their substrate specificities and semi-synthesis protocols could be assembled by the scientific community to facilitate the (bio)synthesis of ‘recalcitrant’ small molecules for bioactivity testing. We further propose that machine learning could be applied to the database to predict module order that should be used to provide highest yield of a target molecule. Scale-up for commercial production could then be achieved by directed evolution [5] of biocatalysis modules and optimized semi-synthesis methods.","PeriodicalId":72276,"journal":{"name":"Archives in biomedical engineering & biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46612325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological, Medical and Nano Structured materials - NMR done Simply","authors":"J. Webber","doi":"10.33552/ABEB.2019.01.000517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/ABEB.2019.01.000517","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72276,"journal":{"name":"Archives in biomedical engineering & biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47842341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nursery Service in Modern Days","authors":"D. Lu, Yu Zheng Chen, D. Lu, Jin-Yu Che","doi":"10.33552/ABEB.2018.01.000515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/ABEB.2018.01.000515","url":null,"abstract":"Today, a half of major diseases are chronic diseases. Their recovery processes are not defined in operation-room (surgery). But, getting better in the bedside (therapeutic conventions— drugs, nutrition, instruments and nursery). A great proportion of healthcare services are both doctors and nursing [1-7]. Any unilateral activity may compromise medication quality. The promotion of the quality and scope of nursing activity is especially important for medical study and practices. However, current nursing activities in hospitals does not receive enough academic respects globally.","PeriodicalId":72276,"journal":{"name":"Archives in biomedical engineering & biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45786110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Note on Factor Analysis Applied in Medical Research","authors":"K. Bhuyan","doi":"10.33552/ABEB.2018.01.000516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/ABEB.2018.01.000516","url":null,"abstract":"The empirical analysis of the data observed in the field of medical science is based on some qualitative as well as quantitative character. But some of the characters are common with other characters of human being. For example, diabetes depends on age, height, weight, food habit, income, occupation, etc. In some studies, in both home and abroad, it was observed that body mass index (BMI) or in other words, higher level of obesity is one of the responsible factors for diabetes [1-6]. But BMI is a character which is measured using the character weight and height and level of obesity is decided using the level of BMI. Hence level of obesity is a common character among the characters height, weight, and BMI. Therefore, to study the impact of height and weight on diabetes, it is better to study the impact of BMI on diabetes. The statistical tool to select such a character among many characters is known as factor analysis.","PeriodicalId":72276,"journal":{"name":"Archives in biomedical engineering & biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49371626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial Activity of Leptadenia Hastata Leaves Extracts against Some Gastro-Intestinal Isolates","authors":"Ibrahim U Imam, M. Abdallah, Muhammad Ali","doi":"10.33552/abeb.2018.01.000514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/abeb.2018.01.000514","url":null,"abstract":"Natural products have been used over the years as curative agents against many infections and have been exploited in the traditional medicine with their curative potentials well documented [1]. Natural products are defined as natural sources-derived substances having biological activities. These natural products have long been implemented as alternative health care treatment and in the discovery of modern drugs [2]. A major focus of natural product in chemistry has been toward drug design and discovery. However, obtaining scientific proof for the biological activity of natural plants is still challenging [3]. At present, drug discovery research is mainly focused on natural plant resources and their compounds. Most of the currently available therapeutically active drugs are discovered based on the knowledge available from various traditional practices for disease treatments [4].","PeriodicalId":72276,"journal":{"name":"Archives in biomedical engineering & biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45950546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Cholinergic Status with Quantitative EEG in Healthy Subjects and Patients Suspected of Dementia","authors":"R. Ekedahl","doi":"10.33552/ABEB.2018.01.000511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/ABEB.2018.01.000511","url":null,"abstract":"Longitudinal studies using electroencephalography (EEG) and follow-up are rare in dementia studies; however, varying effects on EEG parameters reported from existing studies [1-7]. Probably due to the heterogeneity and different stages of the dementia diseases, and also mixed types of dementia, e.g., Alzheimer’s dementia (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), Lewy body dementia (LBD) studied. Interpreting the EEG measurements is also tricky because the procedures used to collect and analyze data are different. The commonly used EEG parameters have assessed changes in the proportion of different frequency bands, average frequency, EEG power, the ratio of low-frequency activity to global and fluctuations in EEG frequency and coherence.","PeriodicalId":72276,"journal":{"name":"Archives in biomedical engineering & biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47292734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungus or Cancer: is it or is it not?","authors":"S. Murff","doi":"10.33552/abeb.2018.01.000509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/abeb.2018.01.000509","url":null,"abstract":"The main focus of this review is to provide basic tenets associated with fungi, fungal infections, and cancer. Also, the chief aim of this review is to present information with regard to fungal infections that have been identified as malignancies from a radiologic perspective. Fungi exist in the environment and can cause health problems for anyone. Various fungal species can be found in the outdoor environment on plants, trees, in the soil, and in all buildings on various surfaces. Because fungi are ubiquitous it is difficult to escape contact with them [1].","PeriodicalId":72276,"journal":{"name":"Archives in biomedical engineering & biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45212794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical Ductal Lesion in the Breast: Review","authors":"Shinya Tajima, I. Maeda, M. Chosokabe, M. Takagi, S. Naruki, A. Endo, Yasushi Ariizumi, K. Kishimoto, K. Tsugawa","doi":"10.33552/ABEB.2018.01.000508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/ABEB.2018.01.000508","url":null,"abstract":"Atypical ductal lesions of the breast are considered mainly “Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH)” ADH is defined as intraductal feature of architectural atypia [1]. However, diagnosis of ADH is challenging, because the interpretation of diagnosing ADH is different and vary between diagnostic pathologists. Goi S [2] advocated two pattern theory in the breast [2]. First, true borderline malignancy lesions are existed in the breast. Second, true borderline malignancy lesions are not existed, because borderline malignancy lesions which was thought at a glance are not true borderline lesions but pathologists cannot divide between malignant and benign because of their incapable. Goi S. thought that the latter theory was appropriate. Furthermore, he also thought that benign and malignant should be rigidly separated, and the most important thing is to reduce overdiagnosis or underdiagnosis. However, our recent study indicates the existence of the true borderline lesion. After paragraph, I will write this matter in detail. In addition, ADH is not clearly understood whether borderline malignancy or not, and that is still wrapped mysteriously.","PeriodicalId":72276,"journal":{"name":"Archives in biomedical engineering & biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48866289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purulent Appendicular Peritonitis in Pregnancy: Management and Pregnancy Outcome","authors":"P. Juan, Donfrancesco Cristina, T. Costantino, Rea Silvio","doi":"10.33552/ABEB.2018.01.000507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/ABEB.2018.01.000507","url":null,"abstract":"Appendicitis represents the most common cause of acute abdomen in pregnancy, accounting for 25% of non-obstetric surgery in pregnant women, with an incidence between 0.06% and 0.28% [1,2]. Forty per cent of cases takes place on the second trimester [3]. Diagnosis of appendicitis during pregnancy remains challenging, for the low sensitivity of ultrasound (US) and low predict value of typical symptoms, due to the change of appendix location and to the physiological mild leukocytosis [4-7]. Therefore, complications occur more frequently during pregnancy than in non-pregnant women [8].","PeriodicalId":72276,"journal":{"name":"Archives in biomedical engineering & biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69448406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}