Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine最新文献

{"title":"CURRENT LINES AND ANGLES USED IN PAEDIATRIC FOOT RADIOGRAPH: A SCOPING REVIEW OF LITERATURE.","authors":"J Doski","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article aimed to review the main currently described lines and angles and gather them in a single article and arrange them in a systematic way to facilitate the process of assessment of the pediatric foot for deformities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The review was a scoping literature review. Electronic database websites such as PubMed, Europe PMC, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar in addition to some books on anatomy and human movements biomechanics, diagnostic radiology, and orthopedics were searched for relevant articles for the topic of the present review. No statistical analysis was applied in this review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from thirty articles included in this review were arranged into different subheadings. In the anteroposterior view (AP), assessment of the hindfoot deviation was by the AP talo-calcaneal angle (Kite's angle); the forefoot and midfoot for abduction and adduction alignment was by the AP talo-first metatarsal angle, the talo-second metatarsal angle, the calcaneo-second metatarsal angle, the calcaneofifth metatarsal angle; the forefoot and midfoot rotation was by observing the normal proximal convergence of the metatarsal bones axes. In the lateral view, assessment of the hindfoot sagittal plane alignment was by the lateral tibio-calcaneal angle; hindfoot varus or valgus deviation by the lateral talo-calcaneal angle; talus bone alignment by talar declination angle and the tibio-talar angle; calcaneal bone alignment by the calcaneal inclination angle and the tibio-calcaneal angle, the midfoot and forefoot sagittal plane alignment for the plantar arch by the lateral talo-first metatarsal -Meary's- angle, the calcaneal inclination angle, and the lateral calcaneofirst metatarsal -Hibbs- angle; forefoot and midfoot rotational alignment by observing the overlap shadows of the metatarsals' shafts and drawing their axes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Drawing certain lines and angles with a systematic approach to assess different regions of the foot in the radiographic films of children can facilitate the process of assessment of the foot (as a whole) for deformities.</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"51-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11205722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141473119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GOSERELIN INHIBITING UPTAKE ON SODIUM PERTECHNETATE Tc-99M THYROID SCAN: A CASE REPORT.","authors":"Y A Onimode, O O Oyeyiola","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Thyroiditis may be induced by goserelin (a long acting analogue of gonadotropin - releasing hormone) prescribed for the treatment of pain and bleeding of endometriosis. Goserelin induced thyroiditis has a possibility of affecting thyroid function and hence may cause poor uptake on sodium pertechnetate Tc-99^m thyroid scan.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This case report highlights a rare instance of a middle-aged woman with symptomatic toxic goitre whose sodium pertechnetate Tc-99^m thyroid scan uptake was inhibited by goserelin therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Medical personnel caring for patients on goserelin need to be aware of the possibility of it affecting thyroid function.</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"100-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11205726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141473122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS, KNOWLEDGE, AND RISK PERCEPTION OF COMMUNITY MEMBERS ABOUT MPOX INFECTION IN NIGERIA.","authors":"D Bakare, J Salako, A Sogbesan, O E Olojede, A A Bakare","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since the resurgence of mpox disease in 2017, Nigeria alone has accounted for about 60% of confirmed cases reported in the African region. This study therefore aimed to understand the knowledge and perception of the general public towards the mpox infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study among 958 community members across three states (Oyo, Lagos and Jigawa) in Nigeria. Knowledge of mpox infection was assessed across four domains: (1) general knowledge, (2) transmission, (3) signs and symptoms, and (4) prevention and treatment where we assigned a score of 1 for each correct response. Binary logistic regression was conducted to explore factors associated with knowledge of mpox infection at 5% level of significance. We assessed perception of mpox infection across 5 constructs (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy) from the health belief model, using 3-point Likert scales. We used Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney- U tests to assess factors associated with each construct.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, only about one-third (38.3%) of community members were aware of mpox infection. There were variations in perceptions and knowledge across the three states. Knowledge of mpox infection transmission, prevention, and treatment was low across the states. Only 28.9% of respondents knew that sharing utensils with an infected person is a means of contracting the disease, and just 15.9% were aware that mpox infection may resolve spontaneously. The mean of general knowledge scores was higher in Jigawa 14.8 (±3.2) compared to Lagos 12.1 (±4.1) and Oyo states 12.5 (±5.6) (p<0.001).Respondents with tertiary-level education (p=0.001) were significantly more likely to perceive themselves as susceptible to mpox while males (p<0.001) and respondents who live in Jigawa state (p=0.002) were significantly more likely to perceive mpox as severe with 90.5% believing that being infected will stop their daily activity (p<0.001). Perceived barriers to adherence to mpox preventive strategies were higher in Jigawa state (p<0.001), with 68.3% reporting that use of hand sanitizers might be expensive for them.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The analysis of our findings revealed significant knowledge gaps and a very low level of public awareness about mpox. Key areas of limited knowledge included the disease's route of transmission, as well as its prevention and treatment. To control the spread of mpox infection, there is need to strengthen public health risk communication focusing on the transmission and preventive actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"76-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11205717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141473116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BODY STALK ANOMALY: CLINICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGIC FINDINGS OF THIS RARE ANOMALY IN A NIGERIAN NEWBORN.","authors":"K I Egbuchulem, O O Ogundoyin, D I Olulana, A A Salami, O S Adamo, O T Ojediran","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Body stalk anomaly (BSA) is a rare and severe congenital malformation in which the exact pathophysiology is still unknown. The possible causes of body stalk anomaly include early amnion rupture with direct mechanical pressure and amniotic bands, vascular disruption of the early embryo, or an abnormality in the germinal disk.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a case of sonologically delayed diagnosis of BSA which was confirmed post-delivery following histopathological examination and we reviewed relevant literature regarding this phenomenon. Sonographic features of the foetus included a wide anterior abdominal wall defect (omphalocele) with protrusion of the liver into the amniotic cavity. The umbilical arteries show normal calibre, flow, velocimetry, and spectral waveform.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Body stalk anomaly is accepted as a fatal anomaly, so it is important to differentiate it from other anterior abdominal wall defects prenatally and this could guide the management options.</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"104-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11205710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141473117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A LUMP MODEL FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS' CLINICAL EVALUATION.","authors":"S A Ademola, A I Michael, A O Takure, T A Lawal","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Soft tissue masses are commonly encountered in surgical and general medical practice. The graduating medical student should therefore be competent in the physical examination of a lump. Paucity of real patients makes it paramount that models be used for teaching and evaluation. This study purposed to describe the perception of graduating medical students to the use of a low-cost lump model for Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional survey of final year medical students who participated in a surgery OSCE utilizing an innovative low-cost lump model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and sixty students undertook the OSCE examination while 130 (81.3%) students completed the survey questionnaire. One hundred and forty students (87.5%) passed (score ³ 5) the skills assessment using the lump model. The median age of the students who completed the questionnaire was 25 (range 24-27) years. There were more males N=84 (65.6%) than females N= 44 (34.4%). Two thirds (67.2%; n=84) of the students said the model simulated a true lump. Nearly all the students agreed that the signs of site (97.6%; n=127), size (97.6%; n=127), shape (95.4%; n=124) and transillumination (95.4%; n=124) were clearly demonstrable with the model. A lower proportion of agreements were seen with signs such as tenderness (64.6%; n=82), attachment (77.7%; n=80) and warmth (58.6%; n=75) while more students disagreed with pulsatility (51.5%; n=67).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The medical students had a positive perception to the use of the model. However, further refinements would be needed for more signs to be demonstrable.</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"29-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11205707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141473180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AFTER ACTION REVIEW AS A TOOL TO IMPROVE A TERTIARY HOSPITAL'S RESPONSE TO OUTBREAKS: EXPERIENCE FROM IRRUA SPECIALIST TEACHING HOSPITAL.","authors":"J Okoeguale, E Tobin, C Erameh, E Ogbaini-Emovon, S A Okogbenin, D A Asogun, C Erohubie, O Edeawe, S Izevbekhai, M Okonofua, P O Okokhere, G O Akpede, R A Eifediyi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"88-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11205719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141473183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE EFFECT OF SKIN ANTISEPSIS AFTER PRIMARY SKIN CLOSURE ON THE INCIDENCE OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTION AFTER ABDOMINAL SURGERY FOR SEPSIS: A PRELIMINARY REPORT OF A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL.","authors":"I B Ulasi, E O Aigbovo, A I Michael, O O Ayandipo, A Fowotade, U M Ishiyaka, C Ezeme, N A Olagunju, C K Ikwu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The role of skin antisepsis after skin closure in abdominal surgery for sepsis is not well reported. This study assessed the effect of skin antisepsis following primary skin closure on surgical site infection (SSI) after contaminated and dirty abdominal surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a randomised controlled trial involving adult patients undergoing laparotomy for sepsis. Patients were randomised into a Control (C) group where the wound edge was cleaned once with 70% isopropyl alcohol before being covered with a dry sterile gauze dressing and a Povidone-iodine (PI) group in whom the wound edge was cleaned once with 70% isopropyl alcohol, then covered with a 10% povidone iodine-soaked gauze dressing. Both groups were compared for the presence of SSI. Statistical significance was set at a p value of < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-seven patients (C group = 18; PI group = 19) were recruited. The median age was 36 years (Interquartile range, IQR = 72) with a male-to-female ratio of 2.7:1. The overall incidence of SSI was 48.6% (n = 18), comparable between the C group (n=10, 55.6%) and PI group (n = 8; 42.1%) (p = 0.413). In-hospital mortality rate was 10.8 % (n = 4), equally distributed between the groups (p = 1.000). The length of hospital stay was 8 days (IQR = 15) in the C group and 7 days in the PI group (IQR =9) (p = 0.169).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In laparotomy for sepsis, skin antisepsis after primary skin closure had no effect on the incidence of surgical site infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"21 3","pages":"46-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11065193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140871567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PREDICTORS OF ACUTE HEART FAILURE OUTCOMES AT UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL, IBADAN, NIGERIA.","authors":"O Adebayo, A Adebiyi, O S Ogah, M A Adeoye, A Aje, O O Oladapo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies of acute heart failure (AHF) outcomes suggest that there are different predictors of mortality depending on region, ethnicity, and gender.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of six months' post discharge outcome among AHF patients in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>This study was a prospective observational study conducted at the cardiology unit of the Department of Medicine at the University College Hospital Ibadan. One hundred and sixty AHF participants ≥ 18 years old were recruited.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the cohort was 58.0±15.1 years and most were males (59.4%). The independent predictors for death outcome after six months of discharge for AHF and the adjusted hazard ratio) (95% CI) were male gender 2.77 (1.17 -6.56); p =0.020 ; systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 0.98 (0.96 - 0.99); p = 0.011 ; and the presence of hepatomegaly 2.58 (1.02 - 6.51); p = 0.045 . Independent predictors for readmission or rehospitalization within 6 months after discharge were presence of right abdominal pain adjusted HR (95% CI): 2.07(1.14 - 3.76), p=0.017; SBP 0.98(0.96 - 0.99), p=0.005. Independent predictors for composite endpoint were male gender: adjusted HR: 2.08 (1.16 - 3.72), p= 0.014 and pericardial effusion and tamponade: 5.31(1.79 - 15.74), p=0.003 .</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study provided an insight into the factors contributing to outcomes six-month after admission in a tertiary centre in South-Western Nigeria, and it highlighted the predictive role of systolic blood pressure.</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"21 3","pages":"27-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11065184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140874071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FOETUS-IN-FETU, A PAEDIATRIC RARITY IN AN INFANT AT IRRUA SPECIALIST TEACHING HOSPITAL, IRRUA, NIGERIA.","authors":"A Eighemhenrio, O Owolabi, E Odefiagbon, W Akerele, S Okogbenin, O Dawodu, T Azeke, E Okogbenin, A Dongo, O Aweh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fetus in fetu is a paediatric rarity. It involves the presence of a mass resembling a fetus inside the body of a child or an adult. It is described as a twin growing inside the body of the other. It can be located in different parts of the body but commonly the retroperitoneum. It is usually benign.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>The patient was a 4 month old male infant who presented to the hospital with complaints of abdominal distention. The distention was noticed two months prior to presenting to our hospital. The distension was generalized and has been progressively increasing until presentation (1). There was no associated abdominal pain and no other abdominal symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Treatment is by complete excision for histological examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"21 3","pages":"85-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11065181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140859281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECTIVENESS OF TEACHERS IN THE DETECTION OF EYE DISORDERS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN ABAKALIKI METROPOLIS, EBONYI STATE NIGERIA.","authors":"D I Aniemeka, E Ezeanosike, C E Ogbonnaya, C M Chuka-Okosa, A S Adeke, A N Onyebuchi, F N Odini","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schoolteachers who have knowledge on eye diseases can detect early children with eye disorders and refer them promptly to an eye specialist. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of teachers in a vision screening program for primary school children in Abakaliki.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 20 randomly selected primary schoolteachers in Abakaliki to screen for vision abnormalities and detect eye problems among 350 children from 5 schools. Teachers participated in a 2-day training using a modified training algorithm on vision screening using a Snellen's chart and in the identification of common ocular abnormalities. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 26 statistical program and a p-value of <0.05 at 95% confidence level was statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 379 children were enrolled into the study however, 350 (92.3%) children participated in the study. School teachers correctly identified 283 (92.8%) children who had normal vision and 33(73.3%) who had impaired vision. Overall 60 (17.1%) children with perceived eye defects were referred to the ophthalmologist for re-examination. Refractive error and allergic conjunctivitis were the most common eye problems identified and children with refractive error and other ocular morbidity were referred to the base hospital.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Teachers are a valuable resource in the detection of eye disorders among school children. Their effectiveness can be further enhanced by regular training, and collaboration with eye care professionals. Addressing these limitations through policy implementation can lead to better eye health outcomes for school children in Nigeria.</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"21 3","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11065192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140864565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}