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Biomedical applications and nutritional value of specific food-derived polysaccharide-based hydrogels. 特定食品衍生多糖水凝胶的生物医学应用和营养价值。
Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100309
Qianru Xiang, Yuting Hao, Zijun Xia, Meiqi Liao, Xinkai Rao, Shenghui Lao, Qi He, Congshun Ma, Wenzhen Liao
{"title":"Biomedical applications and nutritional value of specific food-derived polysaccharide-based hydrogels.","authors":"Qianru Xiang, Yuting Hao, Zijun Xia, Meiqi Liao, Xinkai Rao, Shenghui Lao, Qi He, Congshun Ma, Wenzhen Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food-derived polysaccharide-based hydrogels (FPBHs), which are composed of polysaccharides derived from food sources exhibit great potential for biomedical applications. The FPBHs possess a wide range of biological activities and can be utilized in the treatment of various clinical diseases. However, the majority of research efforts have predominantly focused on non-specific polysaccharides derived from various sources (most plants, animals, and microorganisms), while the exploration of hydrogels originating from specific polysaccharides with distinct bioactivity extracted from natural food sources remains limited. In this review, a comprehensive search was conducted across three major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline) until 7<sup>th</sup> Apr 2024 to include 32 studies that employed FPBHs for biomedical applications. This review provides an overview of hydrogels based on specific food-derived polysaccharides by summarizing their types, sources, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and biological activities. The crosslinking strategies employed in the fabrication of FPBHs were demonstrated. The attributes and characteristics of FPBHs were delined, including their physical, chemical, and functional properties. Of particular note, the review highlights in vivo and in vitro studies exploring the biomedical applications of FPBHs and delve into the nutritional value of specific food-derived polysaccharides. The challenges encountered in basic research involving FPBHs were enumerated as well as limitation in their clinical practice. Finally, the potential market outlook for FPBHs in the future was also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":72101,"journal":{"name":"Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The use of ginger bioactive compounds in pregnancy: an evidence scan and umbrella review of existing meta-analyses. 妊娠期使用生姜生物活性化合物:证据扫描和现有荟萃分析综述。
Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100308
Kendra A Tiani, Cristina M Arenaz, Maureen K Spill, Margaret J Foster, Julie S Davis, Regan L Bailey, Martha S Field, Patrick J Stover, Amanda J MacFarlane
{"title":"The use of ginger bioactive compounds in pregnancy: an evidence scan and umbrella review of existing meta-analyses.","authors":"Kendra A Tiani, Cristina M Arenaz, Maureen K Spill, Margaret J Foster, Julie S Davis, Regan L Bailey, Martha S Field, Patrick J Stover, Amanda J MacFarlane","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ginger is a commonly used nonpharmacological treatment for pregnancy-related symptoms including nausea and vomiting, inflammation, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Determining the efficacy of ginger is particularly important during pregnancy and lactation when maternal and neonatal detrimental effects may be a concern.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This evidence scan and umbrella review aimed to assess the extent and quality of the evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of using dietary preparations of ginger during pregnancy and lactation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CAB Abstracts, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts up to December 20<sup>th</sup> 2023 to identify maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with ginger use during pregnancy or lactation compared to placebo or conventional medicines. Outcomes for which a meta-analysis (MA) of intervention studies was identified were synthesized in an umbrella review. The AMSTAR-2 tool was used to critically appraise the reviews. The percent overlap in primary studies was calculated overall and pairwise for each included MA. Data extracted from each MA included the summary estimate of the effect of ginger, the formulation of the ginger treatment, gestational timepoint at intervention, population enrolled in the study, type of intervention, comparator intervention, and number of study participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The evidence scan identified 90 articles relevant to ginger use during pregnancy and lactation. Seven MAs of ginger use for treating nausea and vomiting of pregnancy reported 22 independent studies with a 49% study overlap among them. The majority of the MAs found a significant positive effect of ginger on the improvement of nausea in pregnancy compared to placebo, or equivalence to conventional treatments, and no evidence of significant adverse effects. The quality of the MAs ranged from critically low to low.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The evidence suggests that ginger is effective at reducing nausea in pregnancy; however, the included studies contained substantial heterogeneity and were of low quality.</p><p><strong>Statement of significance: </strong>Despite common use of dietary ginger preparations among pregnant populations, recent umbrella reviews of ginger use have not focused on the potential health outcomes of ginger consumption in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":72101,"journal":{"name":"Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Role of Iron in Intestinal Mucus: Perspectives from Both the Host and Gut Microbiota. 肠粘液中铁的作用:来自宿主和肠道微生物群的视角。
Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100307
Shuan Liu, Jie Yin, Dan Wan, Yulong Yin
{"title":"The Role of Iron in Intestinal Mucus: Perspectives from Both the Host and Gut Microbiota.","authors":"Shuan Liu, Jie Yin, Dan Wan, Yulong Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although research on the role of iron in host immunity has a history spanning decades, it is only relatively recently that attention has been directed toward the biological effects of iron on the intestinal mucus layer, prompted by an evolving understanding of the role of this material in immune defence. The mucus layer, secreted by intestinal goblet cells, covers the intestinal epithelium, and given its unique location, interactions between the host and gut microbiota, as well as among constituent microbiota, occur frequently within the mucus layer. Iron, being an essential nutrient for the vast majority of life forms, regulates immune responses from both the host and microbial perspectives. In this review, we summarize the iron metabolism of both the host and gut microbiota, and describe how iron contributes to intestinal mucosal homeostasis via the intestinal mucus layer with respect to both host and constituent gut microbiota. The findings described herein offer a new perspective on iron-mediated intestinal mucosal barrier function.</p>","PeriodicalId":72101,"journal":{"name":"Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inequalities in research on food environment policies: An evidence map of global evidence from 2010-2020. 食品环境政策研究中的不平等现象:2010-2020 年全球证据图。
Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100306
Laurence Blanchard, Stephanie Ray, Cherry Law, María Jesús Vega-Salas, Harry Rutter, Matt Egan, Mark Petticrew, Monique Potvin Kent, Claire Bennett, Patricia J Lucas, Cécile Knai
{"title":"Inequalities in research on food environment policies: An evidence map of global evidence from 2010-2020.","authors":"Laurence Blanchard, Stephanie Ray, Cherry Law, María Jesús Vega-Salas, Harry Rutter, Matt Egan, Mark Petticrew, Monique Potvin Kent, Claire Bennett, Patricia J Lucas, Cécile Knai","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There has been increasing pressure to implement policies for promoting healthy food environments worldwide.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This evidence map critically explored the breadth and nature of primary research from 2010-2020 evaluating the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, development, and implementation of mandatory and voluntary food environment policies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>'Real-world' evaluations of international, national and state level policies promoting healthy food environments, published between 2010 and 2020, were searched across 14 databases and two websites. We documented the policy and evaluation characteristics, including the International WCRF NOURISHING framework's policy categories and ten equity characteristics using the PROGRESS-Plus framework. Data were synthesised using descriptive statistics and visuals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We screened 27,958 records, of which 482 were included. Although these covered 70 countries, 81% of publications focused on only 12 countries (USA, UK, Australia, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, France, Spain, Denmark, New Zealand and South Africa). Studies from these countries employed more robust quantitative methods and included most of the evaluations of policy development, implementation, and cost-effectiveness. Few publications reported on Africa (n=12), Central and South Asia (n=5), and the Middle East (n=6) regions. Few also assessed public-private partnerships (PPPs, n=31, 6%) compared to voluntary approaches by the private sector (n=96, 20%), the public sector (n=90, 19%), and mandatory approaches (n=288, 60%). Most evaluations of PPPs were about two partnerships. Only 50% of publications assessing policy effectiveness compared outcomes between population groups stratified by an equity characteristic, and this proportion has decreased over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There are striking inequities in the origin, scope and design of these studies, suggesting that research capacity and funding lies in the hands of a few expert teams worldwide. The small number of studies on PPPs questions the evidence base underlying the international push for PPPs to promote health. Policy evaluations should consider impacts on equity more consistently.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration: </strong>CRD42020170963.</p>","PeriodicalId":72101,"journal":{"name":"Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Narrative Review of Strategies to Optimize Nutrition, Feeding, and Growth among Preterm-born Infants: Implications for Practice. 早产儿营养、喂养和生长优化策略综述》:对实践的启示。
Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100305
Faith E Bala, Katlyn E McGrattan, Christina J Valentine, Sudarshan R Jadcherla
{"title":"A Narrative Review of Strategies to Optimize Nutrition, Feeding, and Growth among Preterm-born Infants: Implications for Practice.","authors":"Faith E Bala, Katlyn E McGrattan, Christina J Valentine, Sudarshan R Jadcherla","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal and under-five mortality globally, and healthcare-related burden and nutrition-related morbidities are unsustainable, particularly among resource-limited regions. Additionally, preterm infants are susceptible to multiple adverse outcomes including growth faltering, sub-optimal neurodevelopment, and multi-systemic morbidities. Maturation, healing, repair, and restoration to normalcy in preterm-born infants require optimizing nutrition; only then, prognosis, growth, neurodevelopment, and overall quality of life can improve. In this article, we discuss the various evidence-based feeding and nutritional strategies that can be applicable even in resource-limited settings, where resources and infrastructure for advanced neonatal care are limited. This article addressed nutrition, feeding strategies, and growth monitoring in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and at discharge to optimize nutrition, growth, and development. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Nutritional and growth assessment, as well as optimizing nutrition in preterm-born infants is a significant problem worldwide. We reviewed pertinent recent literature and provided up-to-date information for interdisciplinary teams including dietitians, nurses, feeding therapists, and physicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":72101,"journal":{"name":"Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Carotenoids. 类胡萝卜素‡。
Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100304
Abdulkerim Eroglu, Genan Wang, Nathan Crook, Torsten Bohn
{"title":"Carotenoids.","authors":"Abdulkerim Eroglu, Genan Wang, Nathan Crook, Torsten Bohn","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100304","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72101,"journal":{"name":"Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Addressing Infant and Young Child Feeding Recommendations From a Planetary Health Perspective. 从地球健康的角度提出婴幼儿喂养建议。
Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100303
Andrea Santos-Guzmán, Mishel Unar-Munguía, Juan A Rivera, Ivonne Ramírez-Silva
{"title":"Addressing Infant and Young Child Feeding Recommendations From a Planetary Health Perspective.","authors":"Andrea Santos-Guzmán, Mishel Unar-Munguía, Juan A Rivera, Ivonne Ramírez-Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Current international infant and young child (IYC) feeding recommendations consider nutrition and health but not environmental impacts. Only a handful of countries have dietary guidelines that provide quantitative recommendations for food groups of environmental concern.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to perform a narrative review of the environmental impacts of commercial milk formula compared with breastfeeding and to analyze the degree to which current country-specific IYC feeding recommendations are aligned with sustainable dietary targets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mixed-methods review was conducted, including the following: 1) a narrative review of the environmental impact of commercial milk formula compared with breastfeeding and 2) a comparison of recommended intake of meats and dairy for children IYC based on country-specific dietary guidelines compared with the EAT-Lancet Commission dietary targets (ELCT) for children 24 mo or older and adults and if the ELCT should be adjusted for the energy needs of IYC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Formula feeding has a greater environmental impact (∼48% higher carbon footprint) than exclusive breastfeeding. Available country-specific dietary guidelines for meat and dairy products in children IYC are, in general, at or below the upper limits of the ELCT recommended ranges for older children and adults but are in most cases above the upper limit when adjusting for the energy needs of IYC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Exclusive breastfeeding should be protected and promoted not only as the healthier but also as the most sustainable alternative. Available complementary dietary feeding recommendations of nonprocessed meat and dairy fall below current ELCT for older children and adults. Given that IYC require a more nutrient-dense diet than older children and adults and considering the small quantities they consume, we recommend using the unadjusted ELCT as reference for IYC feeding while specific international consumption recommendations are developed for this age group.</p>","PeriodicalId":72101,"journal":{"name":"Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of Nonnutritive Sweeteners on the BMI of Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Prospective Cohort Studies. 非营养型甜味剂对儿童和青少年体重指数的影响:随机对照试验和前瞻性队列研究的系统回顾和元分析》。
Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100292
Alan Espinosa, Kenny Mendoza, Hugo Laviada-Molina, Jorge Aarón Rangel-Méndez, Fernanda Molina-Segui, Qi Sun, Deirdre K Tobias, Walter C Willett, Josiemer Mattei
{"title":"Effects of Nonnutritive Sweeteners on the BMI of Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Prospective Cohort Studies.","authors":"Alan Espinosa, Kenny Mendoza, Hugo Laviada-Molina, Jorge Aarón Rangel-Méndez, Fernanda Molina-Segui, Qi Sun, Deirdre K Tobias, Walter C Willett, Josiemer Mattei","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) on the body mass index [BMI (in kg/m<sup>2</sup>)] of children and adolescents remains unclear despite rising consumption. Detailed systematic evaluations are warranted. We aimed to summarize evidence on NNS consumption and BMI sex- and age-specific absolute changes (kg/m<sup>2</sup>) in pediatric populations, by NNS type, study design, duration, analysis type, conflicts of interest (COI), geographical region, age, sex, and baseline BMI. We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies in children (2-9 y), adolescents (10-24 y), and young adults (20-24 y). Pooled estimates derived from random-effects meta-analysis for BMI changes, and the evidence quality was evaluated overall and by subgroup. From 2789 results, we included 4 RCTs [n = 1372; mean follow-up = 42.6 wk (standard deviation = 18.4); 2 (50%) with COI], and 8 prospective cohort studies [n = 35,340; median follow-up 2.5 y (interquartile range = 1.7-6.3), 2 (25%) with COI]. No identified studies evaluated NNS in food, NNS beverages compared with water, or participants aged 20-24 y. Random allocation to NNS beverages (25-2400 mg/d, from beverages) showed less BMI gain [mean difference = -0.114 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.207, -0.021); I<sup>2</sup> = 87.02%] compared with sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Stratified estimates resulted in less BMI gain in adolescents, participants with baseline obesity, consumers of mixed NNS, longer trials, and trials without COI. Pooled estimates from prospective cohorts showed a nonsignificant association between NNS beverages and BMI gain [0.05 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (95% CI: -0.03, 0.13); I<sup>2</sup> = 75.06%; per daily 355 mL serving]. Stratified estimates remained consistent. Removing studies with COI attenuated estimates. Evidence had low to moderate quality. In summary, pooled results from RCTs comparing NNS beverages compared with SSBs showed less BMI gain in adolescents with obesity. Meta-analyses of long-term cohort studies did not display a significant association between NNS beverages and BMI changes. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022352284.</p>","PeriodicalId":72101,"journal":{"name":"Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Emerging Evidence and Critical Issues with the Use of Single-Drop Capillary Blood for the Measurement of Hemoglobin Concentration in Population-Level Anemia Surveys. 透视:在人群贫血调查中使用单滴毛细管血液测量血红蛋白浓度的新证据和关键问题。
Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100290
Crystal D Karakochuk, Omar Dary, Monica C Flores-Urrutia, Maria Nieves Garcia-Casal, Chika Hayashi, Maria Elena D Jefferds, Robert Johnston, Leila M Larson, Carine Mapango, Dora I Mazariegos Cordero, Denish Moorthy, Sorrel Namaste, Lisa M Rogers, Kuntal Saha, Sara Wuehler
{"title":"Emerging Evidence and Critical Issues with the Use of Single-Drop Capillary Blood for the Measurement of Hemoglobin Concentration in Population-Level Anemia Surveys.","authors":"Crystal D Karakochuk, Omar Dary, Monica C Flores-Urrutia, Maria Nieves Garcia-Casal, Chika Hayashi, Maria Elena D Jefferds, Robert Johnston, Leila M Larson, Carine Mapango, Dora I Mazariegos Cordero, Denish Moorthy, Sorrel Namaste, Lisa M Rogers, Kuntal Saha, Sara Wuehler","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate and precise measurement of hemoglobin concentration is critical for reliable estimations of anemia prevalence at the population level. When systematic and/or random error are introduced in hemoglobin measurement, estimates of anemia prevalence might be significantly erroneous and, hence, limit their usefulness. For decades, single-drop capillary blood has been the most common blood source used for the measurement of hemoglobin concentration in surveys, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. In this study, we highlight historical and emerging evidence that single-drop capillary blood introduces a high degree of random error (variability) to hemoglobin estimates, leading to less reliable estimates of anemia prevalence at the population level. At present, the best practice is to collect and use venous blood for measurement of hemoglobin with an automated hematology analyzer, following standard operating procedures and quality assurance measures. Where use of an automated analyzer is not possible, the analysis of venous blood in a point-of-care hemoglobinometer by trained phlebotomists or specimen collectors should be considered. A forthcoming systematic review will provide additional evidence on the accuracy and precision of single-drop capillary blood for hemoglobin assessment. In the meantime, we raise caution when using single-drop capillary blood for hemoglobin measurement as it can result in inaccurate hemoglobin estimates and less reliable anemia prevalence estimates.</p>","PeriodicalId":72101,"journal":{"name":"Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141997001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Overview of Reviews on the Association of Low Calorie Sweetener Consumption With Body Weight and Adiposity. 低热量甜味剂消费与体重和肥胖关系的综述。
Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100239
Kelly A Higgins, Rita Rawal, Matthew Kramer, David J Baer, Aaron Yerke, David M Klurfeld
{"title":"An Overview of Reviews on the Association of Low Calorie Sweetener Consumption With Body Weight and Adiposity.","authors":"Kelly A Higgins, Rita Rawal, Matthew Kramer, David J Baer, Aaron Yerke, David M Klurfeld","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Numerous systematic reviews (SR) and meta-analyses (MA) on low calorie sweeteners (LCS) have been published in recent years, concluding that LCS have beneficial, neutral, or detrimental effects on various health outcomes, depending on the review.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this overview of reviews was to determine how the methodologies of SR investigating the association between LCS consumption and body weight (BW) influence their findings and whether MA results can provide a consistent estimated effect.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Systematic searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were conducted in November 2022 to identify SR of randomized controlled trials (RCT) or non-randomized studies (NRS) investigating the association between LCS consumption and BW. The methods, MA results, and conclusions were extracted from each eligible SR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 985 search results, 20 SR evaluated the association between LCS and BW, drawing from publications of 75 RCT, 42 prospective cohort studies, and 10 cross-sectional studies. There was a considerable lack of overlap of studies included within each SR attributed, in part, to the inclusion of studies based on design; thus, each SR synthesized results from distinctly different studies. Evidence synthesis methods were heterogeneous and often opaque, making it difficult to determine why results from certain studies were excluded or why disparate results were observed between SR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SR investigating the effect of LCS on BW implement different methodologies to answer allegedly the same question, drawing from a different set of heterogeneous studies, ignoring the basic assumptions required for MA, resulting in disparate results and conclusions. Previous MA show the large effects of study design, which results in inconsistent estimates of the effect of LCS on BW between MA of RCT and NRS. Given the availability of long-term RCT, these studies should be the basis of determining causal relationships (or lack thereof) between LCS and BW. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022351200.</p>","PeriodicalId":72101,"journal":{"name":"Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142115476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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