Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)最新文献

{"title":"Exercise, Dietary, and Combined Exercise-Dietary Interventions for Metabolic Syndrome: A Bayesian Network and Component Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Jingfeng Chen, Yujia Qu, Yue Cheng, Andrew Mark Edwards, Yanjie Zhang, Fenghua Sun, Chen Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Existing reviews have not clarified how exercise only, dietary only, and combined exercise dietary interventions compare across individual metabolic syndrome (MetS) components. We aimed to compare structured exercise-only, dietary-only, and combined exercise-dietary interventions in adults with MetS and overweight or obesity with an inactive or minimal-intervention control or other active interventions for waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We also assessed whether the combined effects were compatible with the sum of their component effects. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to December 2025 for randomized controlled trials. Comparative effects were estimated using Bayesian random-effects network meta-analysis; a frequentist component network meta-analysis was used to assess additivity, and certainty was assessed using the Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis framework. Seventy-eight trials with 8,452 participants were included. Relative to the control node, all four structured exercise-only interventions were associated with lower SBP and DBP, and resistance training was associated with lower FBG. Among nodes representing combined exercise-dietary interventions, combined exercise plus Mediterranean diet, moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) plus caloric restriction, and MICT plus a low-carbohydrate diet were associated with lower WC, TG, and FBG, respectively, relative to the control node. For WC and TG, the results were consistent with a simple model that adds the estimated effects of exercise and diet, this model did not fit the other four outcomes. Certainty was low to very low for most comparisons. As a Bayesian synthesis, the findings do not identify a preferred intervention, but indicate which exercise, dietary and combined approaches warrant testing in adequately powered direct comparative trials. REGISTRY: This review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD420251134142).</p>","PeriodicalId":72101,"journal":{"name":"Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":" ","pages":"100759"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence of nutritional disorders in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Tong Chen, Zhou Zhou, Mingyue Guo, Yan Pan, Zhenzhen Guo, Wenhui Xie, Shiyu Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The epidemiology of nutritional disorders in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains poorly characterized. Existing evidence is fragmented across specific conditions or confined to single regions, and no study has simultaneously assessed the principal nutritional disorders-malnutrition, overweight or obesity, and sarcopenia-in a unified framework. To address this gap, we systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China Biology Medicine from inception to July 31, 2024 and updated on July 30, 2026. Observational studies reporting prevalence based on standard diagnostic criteria were included. Pooled estimates with 95% confidence interval (CI) and prediction interval (PI) were derived using a random-effects model. Pre-specified subgroup analyses were conducted by sex, age, disease subtype and activity, diagnostic criteria, study setting and gepgraphic variation. Study quality and publication bias were also assessed. After literature screening, 201 studies across 32 countries were included. Underweight affected 11.5% (95% CI: 9.0-14.6%, 95% PI : 1.0-61.7), whereas consensus-based malnutrition [GLIM (Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition), ESPEN (European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism), MNA (Mini Nutritional Assessment), SGA/PG-SGA (Subjective Global Assessment or its variant Patient-Generated SGA) affected 27.6% (95% CI: 20.5-36.1%, 95% PI : 3.6-79.7). Notably, this malnutrition estimate was derived almost exclusively from hospital-based settings (over 80%) and predominantly from a single region. Overweight and obesity affected 23.1% (95% CI : 20.6-25.9, 95%PI : 8.1-50.8) and 13.5% (95%CI : 11.7-15.6, 95%PI : 2.9-44.6), respectively. For muscle depletion, low muscle mass defined by skeletal muscle index was identified in 48.3% (95% CI: 41.8-55.0%, 95% PI : 19.7-78.1), whereas consensus-based sarcopenia [EWGSOP (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People) or AWGS (Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia)] affected 12.6% (95% CI: 6.1-24.2%, 95% PI : 0.9-70.6). Of note, the majority of included studies for malnutrition and sarcopenia were hospital-based. Active disease was associated with significantly higher prevalence of malnutrition. No significant differences were observed between disease subtypes. In conclusion, our findings provide a broad overview of the prevalence of major nutritional disorders in patients with IBD, highlighting that nutritional care in IBD should extend beyond simple weight monitoring. However, given the wide prediction intervals, these pooled estimates should be viewed as averages across highly heterogeneous settings rather than a precise global figure. Future research, particularly population-based studies with standardized diagnostic criteria across diverse regions, is needed to validate our observation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72101,"journal":{"name":"Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":" ","pages":"100758"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149217122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Supplement Intake, Adverse Effects, and Reasons for Use by Military Service Members: A Narrative Review and Proposal for an Adverse Effects Surveillance System.","authors":"Adrienne Hatch-McChesney, Joseph J Knapik, Asma S Bukhari, Lauren A Thompson, Harris R Lieberman","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extensive use of dietary supplements (DSs) by civilians and military service members (SMs) raises safety and efficacy issues. Adequate surveillance systems to detect dangerous DSs in the US marketplace do not exist. This paper reviews studies on SM DS use, safety, adverse effects (AEs), reasons for use, and knowledge as well as SM attitudes regarding DS safety, efficacy, and regulations. The findings are compared to US civilians and foreign SMs. Use of DSs by SMs has increased, from 53% (2006-2007) to 76% (2018-2019) in the Army. Compared to civilians, SMs use more DSs, and consume more potentially dangerous DSs, especially those purported to enhance physical performance and weight loss. The most commonly used DSs by SMs are multivitamins/multiminerals, proteins/amino acids, combination products, and individual vitamins/minerals. Self-reported prevalence of AEs by SMs is about 18%, and highest among those using combination products and prohormones which contain substances that could cause AEs themselves or interact with other DSs or medications. Most SMs using DSs believe they are safe (67%) and efficacious (71%); many (38%) believe government regulations ensure safety. Longitudinal studies indicate experiencing AEs does not deter SMs from DS use, since most AEs appear minor and may indicate the DS has the expected effects. Similar civilian data are not available regarding use of potentially dangerous DSs, attitudes, and AEs. Improved oversight, education, and prevention of AEs from DSs is necessary and could include a continuous surveillance program of SMs to detect potentially dangerous DSs.</p>","PeriodicalId":72101,"journal":{"name":"Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":" ","pages":"100757"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149208271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Japanese-style dietary patterns, mortality, and selected cancer outcomes in Japanese populations: a systematic review integrating meta-analysis, food-group loading visualization, and qualitative synthesis.","authors":"Tao Yu, Marina Yamagishi, Kota Okoshi, Shuhei Nomura, Naoko Yamamoto, Shoichiro Tsugane","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Japanese-style dietary patterns (DPs) are often regarded as healthy, but the food-group combinations needed to develop health-oriented Japanese-style DPs remain unclear. This systematic review synthesized associations between predefined (a priori) Japanese-style DPs and health outcomes in Japanese populations and used data-derived (a posteriori) DPs to examine outcome-specific heterogeneity in food-group composition and loadings. PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science Core Collection were searched for observational studies. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for comparable a priori Japanese-style DPs using adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) comparing the highest and lowest score categories. A posteriori DPs derived by principal component analysis or factor analysis were visualized using reported estimates, investigator-assigned pattern names, relative similarity to the Japanese Diet Index-9 (JDI-9) reference profile, and food-group loadings. Of 37 reports retained in the review, 12 longitudinal reports contributed to meta-analyses or food-group loading visualizations, and 25 were synthesized qualitatively. Across 3 independent studies contributing 5 analytic estimates per outcome, pooled HRs comparing the highest and lowest score categories suggested lower all-cause mortality (HR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.93; I² = 61.1%) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.93; I² = 71.6%), although heterogeneity was substantial; the pooled estimate for total cancer mortality was close to the null. Among 43 a posteriori DPs from 9 studies, 21 were classified as JDI-9-like; however, this relative classification alone did not consistently distinguish reported associations across outcomes; interpretation required examination of the reported component-level food-group loadings. These findings motivate a provisional three-layer framework distinguishing potentially favorable traditional components, high-sodium traditional components, and contemporary dietary components; the framework is hypothesis-generating and requires outcome-specific validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72101,"journal":{"name":"Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":" ","pages":"100756"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149198121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Patterns and Chronic Disease Risk: A Proteomic Framework to Strengthen Causal Inference.","authors":"Rob M van Dam, Charlie G Y Lim, Marilyn C Cornelis","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The strength of evidence in nutrition research is hampered by the difficulty of maintaining long-term dietary compliance in randomized trials. Despite providing valuable evidence, short-term feeding trials typically rely on a limited set of surrogate outcomes, and observational studies are susceptible to measurement error and residual confounding. We propose a complementary research framework that integrates randomized feeding trials with Mendelian randomization (MR) using proteomic markers to strengthen causal inference in nutrition research. In this approach, feeding trials are used to identify proteins that respond to dietary patterns, and MR analyses are subsequently used to assess whether these diet-responsive proteins are relevant to the development of chronic diseases. In addition to instrumenting individual proteins, we propose using genetic scores to instrument proteomic signatures of dietary patterns in MR analyses. We argue that proteins are particularly informative biomarkers because they reflect multiple biological pathways involved in disease pathophysiology and can often be instrumented with cis-protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs), which reduces concerns about horizontal pleiotropy compared with other MR approaches. To illustrate the feasibility of several steps in the proposed approach, we highlight studies of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. This research shows that randomized feeding trials can identify reproducible proteomic changes and that several of these associations can be confirmed in population-based cohort studies. We further note that selected diet-related proteins have been associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in prospective studies and, in some cases, supported by MR and colocalization analyses. We also discuss potential limitations, including incomplete proteomic coverage, measurement error, epitope effects, and challenges in satisfying MR assumptions. In sum, we argue that a cross-design, proteomic-based research strategy can contribute to the triangulation of evidence in nutrition research, generating more specific and robust dietary recommendations for chronic disease prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":72101,"journal":{"name":"Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":" ","pages":"100755"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor: A \"Fair\" Overall AUC May Overstate the Practical Value of Hemoglobin Screening for Iron Deficiency.","authors":"Xiaotong Yao, Nianzhu Zhang, Lifen Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100745","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72101,"journal":{"name":"Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":" ","pages":"100745"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149208291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to X Yao et al.","authors":"Lulu X Pei, Colleen C Farrell, Stella C Mlewa, Cassi Sauer, Kristija Sejane, Nathalie V Kirby, James McKendry, Chris Charles, Jordie Aj Fischer, Tim J Green, Hou Kroeun, Jan Makurat, Aviva I Rappaport, Kyly C Whitfield, Frank T Wieringa, Allison I Daniel, Crystal D Karakochuk","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100744","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72101,"journal":{"name":"Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":" ","pages":"100744"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149217070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the Evidence Underlying Dietary Recommendations on Saturated Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Synthesis of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.","authors":"Julie Marvel Mansfeldt, Martina Abodi, J Thomas Brenna, José M Ordovás, Janet C King, Arne Astrup, Renata Micha, Nina Teicholz, Robert H Eckel, James O Hill, Ronald M Krauss, Carlo Agostoni, Faidon Magkos","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recommendation to limit intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) remains part of dietary guidelines issued by numerous national and international organizations. We performed a search of previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the relationship between SFA intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality, including coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke, and total mortality. We screened 3285 records and included 31 publications [32 systematic reviews/meta-analyses: 23 observational and 9 randomized controlled trial (RCT) based] published between 2001 and 2025. The duration of primary studies ranged from 0.4 to 32 y. The number of assessments included 34 for disease incidence, 39 for mortality, and 2 for composite cardiac endpoints. Most systematic reviews and meta-analyses found no significant relationship between intake of SFA and CVD outcomes. Two found a harmful effect (1 each for CAD and peripheral artery disease), whereas 3 found a beneficial effect (all on stroke in East Asian cohorts). Several others showed mixed results: 6 observational modeling studies suggested harm with SFA compared with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for CVD incidence or mortality, whereas 2 RCT-based reviews found increased CVD incidence but no effect on mortality. We conclude that the currently available evidence does not demonstrate a consistent association between dietary SFA intake and cardiovascular events or mortality. Replacing SFA with PUFA appears to be associated with favorable cardiovascular outcomes in observational and well-conducted short-duration clinical research studies. Overall, these findings suggest that recommendations on SFA intake may be more effective when considered within the broader context of dietary patterns rather than replacement of single nutrients.</p>","PeriodicalId":72101,"journal":{"name":"Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":" ","pages":"100746"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149129499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnesium^†.","authors":"Taylor C Wallace, Rebecca B Costello, Andrea Rosanoff","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100747","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72101,"journal":{"name":"Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":" ","pages":"100747"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149129497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An International Food Guide Pyramid: Dietary Substitution, Carbohydrate Quality, and the Need for Methodological Rigor.","authors":"Lukas Schwingshackl, Sabrina Schlesinger","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100743","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72101,"journal":{"name":"Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":" ","pages":"100743"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149119073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}