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An Update on Viral Infection-Associated Collapsing Glomerulopathy 病毒感染相关塌陷性肾小球病的最新进展。
Advances in kidney disease and health Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.akdh.2023.12.007
Molly Fisher , Michael Ross , Lanny DiFranza , Kimberly Reidy
{"title":"An Update on Viral Infection-Associated Collapsing Glomerulopathy","authors":"Molly Fisher ,&nbsp;Michael Ross ,&nbsp;Lanny DiFranza ,&nbsp;Kimberly Reidy","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2023.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2023.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The COVID-19 era has been a reminder to clinicians around the world of the important role that viral infections play in promoting glomerular disease. Several viral infections including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and parvovirus B19 can cause podocyte injury and present with a collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or minimal change disease. CG associated with COVID-19 has been termed COVID-19-associated nephropathy due to its striking resemblance to HIV-associated nephropathy. Host susceptibility is a major determinant of viral infection-associated CG, and the presence of two <em>APOL1</em> risk variants explains most of the racial predilection to viral-associated CG observed in individuals of African ancestry. Interactions between <em>APOL1</em> risk variants, viral genes, and the systemic inflammatory response to viral infection all contribute to kidney injury. This review will summarize our current knowledge of viral infection-associated CG, focusing primarily on the clinical presentation, histological features, mechanisms, and disease course of HIV-associated nephropathy and COVID-19-associated nephropathy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"31 4","pages":"Pages 317-325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141861831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Minimal Change Disease 最小变化疾病。
Advances in kidney disease and health Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.akdh.2024.02.002
Alexis C. Gomez , Keisha L. Gibson , Harish Seethapathy
{"title":"Minimal Change Disease","authors":"Alexis C. Gomez ,&nbsp;Keisha L. Gibson ,&nbsp;Harish Seethapathy","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Minimal change disease represents a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in both pediatric and adult patients. Although much remains to be discovered, there have been significant recent advancements in our understanding of the pathophysiology of minimal change disease, including the discovery of antinephrin antibodies as a marker for diagnosis of disease. Here we will review what is known about the pathophysiology, treatment, and prognosis of minimal change disease and the differences between pediatric and adult patients. Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of disease will be noted. We will discuss how this may change the treatment of minimal change disease going forward and what remains to be studied.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"31 4","pages":"Pages 267-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141861788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Updates on the Diagnosis and Management of Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis 纤维性肾小球肾炎诊断和治疗的最新进展。
Advances in kidney disease and health Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.akdh.2024.03.006
Rose Mary Attieh , Yihe Yang , Jordan L. Rosenstock
{"title":"Updates on the Diagnosis and Management of Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis","authors":"Rose Mary Attieh ,&nbsp;Yihe Yang ,&nbsp;Jordan L. Rosenstock","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fibrillary glomerulonephritis (FGN) is a rare kidney disease typically affecting individuals in middle age, frequently presenting with advanced renal failure, proteinuria, and hypertension. FGN can be associated with autoimmune diseases, hepatitis C infection, and malignancies. Its exact pathogenesis remains elusive, and the exact role of DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 9 is yet to be determined. On renal biopsy, FGN exhibits distinctive Congo-red-negative, nonbranching fibrils, approximately 20 nm in diameter. DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 9 immunohistochemical staining has become a gold standard for diagnosis. Atypical variants exist, including congophilic, monotypic, and crescentic FGN, highlighting the disease's heterogeneity. Treatment with immunosuppression, including rituximab, has shown variable success, with no standard therapy established. FGN often leads to end-stage kidney disease, with a median progression time of 2-4 years postdiagnosis. Kidney transplantation is a viable option for FGN-related end-stage kidney disease, but recurrence in transplanted kidneys is not rare.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"31 4","pages":"Pages 374-383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141861792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Collapsing Glomerulopathy 崩解性肾小球病
Advances in kidney disease and health Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.akdh.2024.03.008
Abbal Koirala , Shreeram Akilesh , J. Ashley Jefferson
{"title":"Collapsing Glomerulopathy","authors":"Abbal Koirala ,&nbsp;Shreeram Akilesh ,&nbsp;J. Ashley Jefferson","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) is a pattern of kidney injury characterized by segmental or global collapse of the glomerular tuft associated with overlying epithelial cell hyperplasia. Although CG may be idiopathic, a wide range of etiologies have been identified that can lead to this pattern of injury. Recent advances have highlighted the role of inflammatory and interferon signaling pathways and upregulation of apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) within podocytes in those carrying a high-risk APOL1 genotype. In this review, we describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, and clinical course of CG, focusing on nonviral etiologies. We also describe current treatments and explore potential therapeutic options targeting interferon/APOL1 pathways in CG.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"31 4","pages":"Pages 290-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141861832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Genetic Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome and Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis 肾病综合征以及局灶性和节段性肾小球硬化症的遗传原因。
Advances in kidney disease and health Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.akdh.2024.04.001
Emine Bilge Caparali , Vanessa De Gregorio , Moumita Barua
{"title":"Genetic Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome and Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis","authors":"Emine Bilge Caparali ,&nbsp;Vanessa De Gregorio ,&nbsp;Moumita Barua","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The field of nephrology has a long-standing interest in deciphering the genetic basis of nephrotic syndrome (NS), motivated by the mechanistic insights it provides in chronic kidney disease. The initial era of genetic studies solidified NS and the focal segmental glomerulosclerosis lesion as podocyte disorders. The likelihood of identifying a single gene (called monogenic) cause is higher if certain factors are present such as positive family history. Obtaining a monogenic diagnosis enables reproductive counseling and screening of family members. Now, with a new era of genomic studies facilitated by technological advances and the emergence of large genetically characterized cohorts, more insights are apparent. This includes the phenotypic breadth associated with disease genes, as evidenced in Alport syndrome and congenital NS of the Finnish type. Moreover, the underlying genetic architecture is more complex than previously appreciated, as shown by genome-wide association studies, suggesting that variants in multiple genes collectively influence risk. Achieving molecularly informed diagnoses also holds substantial potential for personalizing medicine, including the development of targeted therapeutics. Illustrative examples include coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> for <em>ADCK4</em>-associated NS and inaxaplin, a small molecule that inhibits apolipoprotein L1 channel activity, though larger studies are required to confirm benefit.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"31 4","pages":"Pages 309-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141861834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nephrotic Syndrome: Have We Entered a New Era? 肾病综合征：我们是否进入了一个新时代？
Advances in kidney disease and health Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.akdh.2024.05.004
{"title":"Nephrotic Syndrome: Have We Entered a New Era?","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"31 4","pages":"Pages 265-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949813924001113/pdfft?md5=b0bf2b8b7011a70620f61a659db2c1e3&pid=1-s2.0-S2949813924001113-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Immunotactoid Glomerulopathy 免疫性肾小球疾病
Advances in kidney disease and health Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.akdh.2024.03.003
Matthew Abramson , Aisha Shaikh
{"title":"Immunotactoid Glomerulopathy","authors":"Matthew Abramson ,&nbsp;Aisha Shaikh","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Immunotactoid glomerulopathy (ITG) is a rare glomerular disease that typically presents with proteinuria, hematuria, and kidney dysfunction. A kidney biopsy is essential to establish the diagnosis of ITG. ITG is characterized by glomerular electron-dense immunoglobulin deposits with hollow-cored microtubules. ITG is classified as either monoclonal or polyclonal based on immunofluorescence staining of the immunoglobulin deposits. Monoclonal ITG is associated with an underlying hematologic disorder in two-thirds of the cases, lymphoma and plasma cell dyscrasias being the most common. Polyclonal ITG is associated with autoimmune diseases but can be seen with hematologic disorders and chronic infections. Due to the preponderance of hematologic disorders in both monoclonal and polyclonal ITG, a thorough hematologic workup must be performed in all cases of ITG. In monoclonal ITG with a detectable clone, clone-directed therapy is administered to achieve hematologic remission, as the renal response is highly dependent on the hematologic response. In clone-negative monoclonal ITG, anti-B cell therapy is often used as a first-line therapy. Management of polyclonal ITG without an underlying hematologic disorder is poorly defined. Compared to monoclonal ITG, patients with polyclonal ITG have a higher risk of progression to end-stage kidney disease. Recurrence of ITG following kidney transplantation is common and is often associated with hematologic relapse.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"31 4","pages":"Pages 326-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141861786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Paraneoplastic Glomerular Diseases 副肿瘤性肾小球疾病。
Advances in kidney disease and health Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.akdh.2024.04.008
Aarthi Muthukumaran , Rimda Wanchoo , Surya V. Seshan , Prakash Gudsoorkar
{"title":"Paraneoplastic Glomerular Diseases","authors":"Aarthi Muthukumaran ,&nbsp;Rimda Wanchoo ,&nbsp;Surya V. Seshan ,&nbsp;Prakash Gudsoorkar","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Paraneoplastic glomerular disease (PGD) develops from tumor cell products, leading to renal dysfunction. Unlike direct tumor effects, PGD illustrates the complex association between cancer and diverse clinical presentations and outcomes. Initially detected in a Hodgkin's disease patient, current research has defined diagnostic criteria based on PGD symptoms and cancer progression. PGDs, although rare (found in &lt;1% of adult cancer patients with overt renal manifestations), are crucial, as they can signal cancer onset and frequently resist standard glomerulonephritis treatments. The emerging field of onconephrology studies this relationship between kidney disorders and cancers. The exact cause of many PGD cases remains unknown. This review examines PGDs, their clinicopathological features, related cancers, and mechanisms, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis and tailored treatment for kidney disease and linked cancer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"31 4","pages":"Pages 346-357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141861790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Paraprotein-Mediated Glomerular Diseases 副蛋白介导的肾小球疾病。
Advances in kidney disease and health Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.akdh.2024.02.005
Jing Miao , Sandra M. Herrmann , Zainab Obaidi , Tiffany Caza , Marco Bonilla
{"title":"Paraprotein-Mediated Glomerular Diseases","authors":"Jing Miao ,&nbsp;Sandra M. Herrmann ,&nbsp;Zainab Obaidi ,&nbsp;Tiffany Caza ,&nbsp;Marco Bonilla","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Paraproteinemias are a group of complex diseases associated with an overproduction of a monoclonal immunoglobulin that can cause a diversity of kidney disorders and end-organ damage. In this review, we focus on paraprotein-mediated glomerular diseases. Kidney biopsy plays a crucial role in diagnosing these disorders, enabling the identification of specific histological patterns. These lesions are categorized into organized (such as amyloidosis, immunotactoid glomerulopathy, fibrillary glomerulonephritis, cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis, and monoclonal crystalline glomerulopathies) and nonorganized deposits (such as monoclonal Ig deposition disease and proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal Ig deposits) based on the characteristics of immunofluorescence findings and the ultrastructural appearance of deposits on electron microscopy. This review aims to provide an update, highlight, and discuss clinicopathological aspects such as definition, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, mechanisms of kidney injury, histological features, and diagnostic procedures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"31 4","pages":"Pages 358-373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141861791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis 局灶性肾小球硬化症
Advances in kidney disease and health Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.akdh.2024.03.009
Varsha Suresh , Isaac E. Stillman , Kirk N. Campbell , Kristin Meliambro
{"title":"Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis","authors":"Varsha Suresh ,&nbsp;Isaac E. Stillman ,&nbsp;Kirk N. Campbell ,&nbsp;Kristin Meliambro","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) is a histological lesion characterized by sclerosis in sections (segmental) of some glomeruli (focal) in association with podocyte injury. Historically, FSGS has often been characterized as a disease, but it is a heterogeneous entity based on etiology, clinical course, and therapeutic approach. A unifying feature is podocyte injury and loss, which can be primary or the result of secondary maladaptive responses to glomerular stressors. FSGS has been demonstrated over time to carry a large health burden and remains a leading glomerular cause of ESRD globally. Recent clinical practice guidelines highlight the unmet scientific need for better understanding of disease pathogenesis, particularly for immunologic etiologies, as well as more targeted therapeutic drug development. In this review, we will discuss the current FSGS classification scheme, pathophysiologic mechanisms of injury, and treatment guidelines, along with emerging and investigational therapeutics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"31 4","pages":"Pages 275-289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141861833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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