Acta radiologica openPub Date : 2022-10-07eCollection Date: 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1177/20584601221131481
Luz M Morán, Jesús Vega, Nieves Gómez-León, Ana Royuela
{"title":"Myxomas and myxoid liposarcomas of the extremities: Our preliminary findings in conventional, perfusion, and diffusion magnetic resonance.","authors":"Luz M Morán, Jesús Vega, Nieves Gómez-León, Ana Royuela","doi":"10.1177/20584601221131481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20584601221131481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The differentiation between myxomas and myxoid liposarcomas (MLPS) often is a serious challenge for the radiologists. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most useful imaging technique in characterization of the soft tissue tumors (STT).</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate in a sample of myxomas and MLPS of the extremities, what morphological findings in conventional MRI allow us to differentiate these two types of myxoid tumors, in addition to analyzing the validity of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Magnetic resonance imaging studies in myxomas and MLPS of extremities searched in our PACS between 2015 and 2019. All studies had conventional MRI with T1, T2, and PD SPAIR sequences, while DW-MRI with ADC mapping and perfusion MRI with a T1 sequence repeated for 4 minutes after contrast injection were additional sequences only in some explorations. Two radiologists evaluated independently the MRI studies by examining the qualitative parameters. Apparent diffusion coefficient values were calculated using two methods-ADC global and ADC solid, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were applied for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The features were consistent with MLPS: size greater than 10 cm, heterogeneous signal on T1, and nodular enhancement, while the common findings for myxomas were a homogenously hypointense signal on T1 and diffuse peritumoral enhancement. The solid and global ADC values were higher in myxomas. We observed that the solid ADC value less than 2.06 x 10<sup>-3</sup>mm<sup>2</sup> x s would support the diagnosis of MLPS against myxoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, MRI with its different modalities improved the diagnostic accuracy when differentiating myxomas from MLPS of extremities.</p>","PeriodicalId":72063,"journal":{"name":"Acta radiologica open","volume":"11 10","pages":"20584601221131481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a9/a7/10.1177_20584601221131481.PMC9549112.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33504897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype with leptomeningeal metastasis to Meckel's cave: A case report.","authors":"Toshiki Murata, Masazumi Matsuda, Tetsugaku Shinozaki, Koichi Ishiyama","doi":"10.1177/20584601221131480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20584601221131480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Meckel's cave or the trigeminal cistern is a subarachnoid space near the apex of the petrous portion of the temporal bone and contains cerebrospinal fluid and the Gasserian ganglion, which divides into the ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3) nerves. Infectious, inflammatory, congenital, and neoplastic lesions can occur in Meckel's cave. Leptomeningeal metastasis of glioblastoma (GBM), IDH-wildtype to Meckel's cave is rare. We encountered a case of leptomeningeal metastasis of GBM to Meckel's cave in an elderly female patient who presented with pain around her right eye. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed enhancing lesions in the right temporal lobe and cervical spinal cord. The pathological diagnosis of GBM was confirmed after biopsy of the cervical spinal cord lesion, which showed hyperaccumulation of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) on FDG-positron emission tomography. This case indicates that metastatic lesions can also occur in Meckel's cave.</p>","PeriodicalId":72063,"journal":{"name":"Acta radiologica open","volume":"11 10","pages":"20584601221131480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/72/bc/10.1177_20584601221131480.PMC9549091.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33504899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta radiologica openPub Date : 2022-10-07eCollection Date: 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1177/20584601221131477
Elena Tonkopi, Eline Jahre Wikan, Tor Olav Hovland, Sivert Høgset, Thomas Alexander Kofod, Selasi K Sefenu, Emily Hughes-Ryan, Dakota D Entremont-O Connell, Catherine Gunn, Tanja Holter, Safora Johansen
{"title":"A survey of local diagnostic reference levels for the head, thorax, abdomen and pelvis computed tomography in Norway and Canada.","authors":"Elena Tonkopi, Eline Jahre Wikan, Tor Olav Hovland, Sivert Høgset, Thomas Alexander Kofod, Selasi K Sefenu, Emily Hughes-Ryan, Dakota D Entremont-O Connell, Catherine Gunn, Tanja Holter, Safora Johansen","doi":"10.1177/20584601221131477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20584601221131477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Computed tomography (CT) contributes to 60% of the collective dose in medical imaging. Literature has demonstrated that patient dose varies across regions and countries. Establishing diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) contributes to the optimization of clinical practices and radiation protection.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To survey the dose indices (CTDIvol and dose-length product) for frequently performed CT examinations from the chosen hospitals in Norway and Canada and to determine local DRLs (LDRLs) based on the collected data.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The survey included eight scanners from two Norwegian hospitals and four scanners from four Canadian hospitals. Dosimetry data were collected for the following routine CT examinations: head, contrast-enhanced thorax, and abdomen and pelvis. Overall 480 adult average-sized patients from Norway and 360 from Canada were included in the survey. The LDRLs were determined as the 75th percentile of distributions of median values of dose indicators from different CT scanners. The differences in dose between scanners were determined using single-factor ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The LDRLs determined in Norway were higher overall than in Canada. The obtained values were compared to the national DRLs. The dose from several scanners in Norway exceeded national Norwegian DRLs, while Canadian LDRLs were below the Canadian reference levels. The differences between the means of the dose distributions from each scanner were statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) for all examinations with exception of identical scanners located in the same hospital and using the same protocols.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Observed dose variations even in the same hospital, or from the same scanner model confirmed the need for CT protocol optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":72063,"journal":{"name":"Acta radiologica open","volume":"11 10","pages":"20584601221131477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c7/69/10.1177_20584601221131477.PMC9549116.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33504898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantitative bone SPECT/CT for evaluating treatment response in patient with sternoclavicular arthritis.","authors":"Hisashi Komoto, Kazuhiro Kitajima, Naoto Azuma, Masao Tamura, Hiroyuki Yokoyama, Tatsuya Tsuchitani, Koichiro Yamakado","doi":"10.1177/20584601221128409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20584601221128409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report here a case of sternoclavicular arthritis due to SAPHO syndrome in a 60-year-old female in which quantitative values determined using bone SPECT/CT were useful to evaluate response. After celecoxib and alendronate sodium hydrate therapy, the chief complaints were well relieved and post-treatment Tc-99m HMDP bone SPECT/CT examination showed decreased uptake. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV), peak SUV, mean SUV, metabolic bone volume, and total bone uptake of the untreated lesion were 18, 16, 10, 17 mL, and 180, respectively, which were decreased to 8, 7, 5, 15 mL, and 75, respectively, after the treatment. In comparison with pre-treatment situation, those parameters were decreased by -56%, -56%, -50%, -12%, and -58%, respectively, following celecoxib and alendronate sodium hydrate therapy, likely reflecting treatment response. Quantitative bone SPECT/CT may be useful to evaluate joint inflammatory activity and treatment response in a patient with osteoartritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":72063,"journal":{"name":"Acta radiologica open","volume":"11 10","pages":"20584601221128409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3f/73/10.1177_20584601221128409.PMC9536095.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33517221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonas Auer, Joachim Braun, Julian Lenk, Johannes Gollrad, Sa-Ra Ro, Bernd Hamm, Maximilian de Bucourt
{"title":"Tunneled hemodialysis catheter insertion: Above, within, or below the right atrium-Where is the tip?","authors":"Jonas Auer, Joachim Braun, Julian Lenk, Johannes Gollrad, Sa-Ra Ro, Bernd Hamm, Maximilian de Bucourt","doi":"10.1177/20584601221122421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20584601221122421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One major challenge when inserting a tunneled, cuffed central venous catheter (CVC) for hemodialysis under fluoroscopy is to accurately place the catheter tip by assessing its position in relation to the cardiac silhouette to approximate the right atrium (RA).</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate whether a weighted mean calculated from published results for two two-dimensional landmark reference distances may be useful in assessing CVC tip positions in relation to the RA.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Central venous catheter tip positions attained under fluoroscopic imaging during insertion using the cardiac silhouette as approximation were retrospectively related to two reference distances (carina to cranial RA border and craniocaudal RA extent), which were used to group catheter tip locations above (1), within (2), or below (3) the RA (henceforth referred to as landmark technique approximation, LTA). The LTA-derived catheter tip locations were validated by correlation with postinterventional computed tomography (CT) datasets acquired shortly after implantation (if available).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on LTA, 45 catheter tips (10.6%) were above, 179 (42.2%) within, and 200 (47.2%) below the RA. Postinterventional CT (<i>n</i> = 57; 13.4%) visualized 26.3% above, 66.7% within, and 7.0% below the RA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The LTA reference distances appear to lead to a rather low categorization of the CVC tips, or the tips have been placed rather low in the study population. Validation using postinterventional CT indicated an underestimation of the RA in the LTA. Patient characteristics with a higher risk of false estimation through LTA have been defined.</p>","PeriodicalId":72063,"journal":{"name":"Acta radiologica open","volume":"11 9","pages":"20584601221122421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a5/bd/10.1177_20584601221122421.PMC9483979.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9318100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta radiologica openPub Date : 2022-08-16eCollection Date: 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1177/20584601221088922
Sine Hylenius, Wei Uldall, Gro Qvamme, Niels Kroman
{"title":"Radioactive seed localization of foreign body.","authors":"Sine Hylenius, Wei Uldall, Gro Qvamme, Niels Kroman","doi":"10.1177/20584601221088922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20584601221088922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radioactive seed localization is a method widely used within breast cancer treatment. This case represents a 43-year-old male patient with a foreign body in his left axilla. We used radioactive seed localization for marking the foreign body, which made the subsequent surgery possible, quick, and minimal invasive.</p>","PeriodicalId":72063,"journal":{"name":"Acta radiologica open","volume":"11 8","pages":"20584601221088922"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/37/05/10.1177_20584601221088922.PMC9386870.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40715456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta radiologica openPub Date : 2022-08-11eCollection Date: 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1177/20584601221117251
Sachila Niroshani, Tokiko Nakamura, Nikaidou Michiru, Toru Negishi
{"title":"Evaluation of exposure factors of dual-energy contrast-enhanced mammography to optimize radiation dose with improved image quality.","authors":"Sachila Niroshani, Tokiko Nakamura, Nikaidou Michiru, Toru Negishi","doi":"10.1177/20584601221117251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20584601221117251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dual-energy contrast-enhanced mammography (DECEM) is an advanced breast imaging technique of digital mammography.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the total radiation dose received from complete DECEM using different combinations of exposure parameters for low- and high-energy images.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A dedicated phantom with three different concentrations of iodine inserts was used. Each iodine insert was 10 mm in diameter and concentration of 1.0 mgI/cm<sup>3</sup>, 2.0 mgI/cm<sup>3</sup>, and 4.0 mgI/cm<sup>3</sup>. The phantom was exposed at varying kVp levels. Mean glandular dose (MGD) was estimated. Contrast to noise ratio (CNR) and figure of merit (FOM) of the iodine inserts were used to assess the image quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimum CNR of the recombined images was obtained by using 28 kVp + 49 kVp tube voltage combination for 50 mm thickness, 50% fibroglandular phantom only with a 26% dose increase compared to the highest voltages (32 kVp + 49 kVp) that can be used for low energy (LE) and high energy (HE) imaging. The CNR value was increased with increasing iodine concentration (<i>R</i> <sup><i>2</i></sup> > 0.99).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of as low as possible tube voltage for the LE imaging of standard 50% fibroglandular-50% adipose, 50 mm thickness breast while using the highest tube voltage for HE imaging has reduced the MGD while keeping optimum image quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":72063,"journal":{"name":"Acta radiologica open","volume":"11 8","pages":"20584601221117251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/de/6a/10.1177_20584601221117251.PMC9379970.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40638209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Observer performance evaluation of the feasibility of a deep learning model to detect cardiomegaly on chest radiographs.","authors":"Pranav Ajmera, Amit Kharat, Tanveer Gupte, Richa Pant, Viraj Kulkarni, Vinay Duddalwar, Purnachandra Lamghare","doi":"10.1177/20584601221107345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20584601221107345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) is the ratio of the diameter of the heart to the diameter of the thorax. An abnormal CTR (>0.55) is often an indicator of an underlying pathological condition. The accurate prediction of an abnormal CTR chest X-rays (CXRs) aids in the early diagnosis of clinical conditions.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We propose a deep learning (DL)-based model for automatic CTR calculation to assist radiologists with rapid diagnosis of cardiomegaly and thus optimise the radiology flow.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study population included 1012 posteroanterior CXRs from a single institution. The Attention U-Net DL architecture was used for the automatic calculation of CTR. An observer performance test was conducted to assess the radiologist's performance in diagnosing cardiomegaly with and without artificial intelligence assistance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>U-Net model exhibited a sensitivity of 0.80 [95% CI: 0.75, 0.85], specificity >99%, precision of 0.99 [95% CI: 0.98, 1], and a F1 score of 0.88 [95% CI: 0.85, 0.91]. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the reviewing radiologist in identifying cardiomegaly increased from 40.50% to 88.4% when aided by the AI-generated CTR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our segmentation-based AI model demonstrated high specificity (>99%) and sensitivity (80%) for CTR calculation. The performance of the radiologist on the observer performance test improved significantly with provision of AI assistance. A DL-based segmentation model for rapid quantification of CTR can therefore have significant potential to be used in clinical workflows by reducing radiologists' burden and alerting to an abnormal enlarged heart early on.</p>","PeriodicalId":72063,"journal":{"name":"Acta radiologica open","volume":"11 7","pages":"20584601221107345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/40/b4/10.1177_20584601221107345.PMC9309780.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40663632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of the axillary lymph node between rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis with computed tomography.","authors":"Takeshi Fukuda, Reina Kayama, Sho Ogiwara, Takenori Yonenaga, Hiroya Ojiri","doi":"10.1177/20584601221112616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20584601221112616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Backgrounds: </strong>There is a lack of universally available biomarker to differentiate rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA).</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>to see if the size of the axillary lymphnodes (ALNs) and the frequency of lymphadenopathy are useful biomarker to differentiate RA and PsA.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Forty RA and 19 PsA patients without previous biologics usage were retrospectively included. Chest CT was assessed for the presence of lymphadenopathy and the size of the largest ALN. Frequency of lymphadenopathies was statistically compared between RA and PsA. The short axis and the long axis of the largest ALN were also compared and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Frequency of axillary lymphadenopathy was significantly higher in RA than in PsA (80% vs 31.6%, <i>p</i> < .001). Number of lymphadenopathies in each patient was also significantly higher in RA than in PsA (3.0 vs 1.2 per patient, <i>p</i> = .005). Sensitivity and specificity for differentiating RA from PsA by the presence of at least one axillary lymphadenopathy were 0.8 and 0.68, respectively.The short axis of the largest ALNs in RA was significantly longer than in PsA (6.5 ± 1.6 mm vs 4.7 ± 1.7 mm, <i>p</i> < .001). ROC curve analysis of the short axis showed AUC of 0.75 (<i>p</i> = .002) and the cutoff value of 5.1 mm with a sensitivity of 0.83 and specificity of 0.74, when differentiating RA and PsA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Presence of ALN lymphadenopathy and the short axis of the largest ALN may have a potential utility in differentiating RA and PsA.</p>","PeriodicalId":72063,"journal":{"name":"Acta radiologica open","volume":"11 7","pages":"20584601221112616"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/37/59/10.1177_20584601221112616.PMC9284224.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40600214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"\"GatorSign\" for severe lumbar spinal canal stenosis: Magnetic resonance imaging evidence of lumbar perineural edema in the central canal.","authors":"Dharam Persaud-Sharma, Ashlyn Mason, Sanjeev Kumar","doi":"10.1177/20584601221112615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20584601221112615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lumbar spinal stenosis is one of the most commonly diagnosed pathological conditions of the spine. Patients with lumbar spinal stenosis can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Regardless of the clinical presentation, a combination of radiological imaging modalities including magnetic resonance imaging, CT, and dynamic X-rays can be used to evaluate the severity. An often underrecognized aspect of severe lumbar spinal stenosis is its effect on nerve roots. We propose coining the term \"GatorSign\" to describe nerve root edema above the area of severe central canal stenosis. This radiological finding can help identify patients with severe central canal stenosis in patients who would likely be neurologically symptomatic, requiring an invasive intervention such as epidural injections or surgical decompression for relief as conservative treatments such as physical therapy and/or medications are less likely to be effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":72063,"journal":{"name":"Acta radiologica open","volume":"11 7","pages":"20584601221112615"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/01/24/10.1177_20584601221112615.PMC9272058.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40520828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}