3D printing in medicine最新文献

{"title":"Stereolithography (STL) measurement rubric for the evaluation of craniomaxillofacial STLs.","authors":"Henra Muller,&nbsp;Annabel Fossey","doi":"10.1186/s41205-022-00151-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41205-022-00151-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Facial deformities often demand reconstructive surgery and the placement of three-dimensional (3D) printed craniomaxillofacial prostheses. Prostheses manufacturing requires patients' computed tomography (CT) images. Poor quality images result in incorrectly sized prostheses, necessitating repeat imaging and refitting. The Centre for Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing (CRPM) produces most facial prostheses in South Africa but does not have a prescribed optimised CT protocol. Therefore, this study was undertaken.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A collection of CRPM STLs used in the design and manufacturing of craniomaxillofacial prostheses is available. The image quality of stereolithography (STL) files of CRPM CT scans was evaluated to determine what constitutes good image quality. This collection was scrutinised for inclusion in the image quality evaluation. After scrutiny, 35 STLs of individuals ≥15 years of age were selected and included metadata attached to the DICOM file. Furthermore, only STLs created without manipulation by the same designer were included in the collection. Before the qualitative evaluation of the STLs, eight different critical anatomical reference points (CARPs) were identified with the assistance of an expert team. A visual acuity rating scale of three categories was devised for each CARP, where 1 was allocated to poor visual acuity, 2 to partial, and 3 to good visual acuity. Similarly, rating scales were devised for the presence of concentric rings and the overall impression score awarded by the two designers involved in the design and manufacturing of the prostheses. This stereolithography measurement rubric (SMR) was then applied to the 35 STLs by a team of three experts, including the two designers, during a structured evaluation session. The scores were used to calculate summary and inferential statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Scores grouped around the central rating of partial visual acuity. The three evaluators' mean total CARP scores ranged from 13.1 to 14.4 (maximum possible score 24), while the mean total CARP + ring scores ranged from 15.8 to 17.1 (maximum possible score 27). No significant differences were detected between the evaluators' scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This SMR appears to be the first of its kind. This image quality assessment of STLs provides the groundwork for finer CT image quality evaluation to formulate a CT imaging protocol for the CRPM to design and manufacture accurate internal cranial prostheses.</p>","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9358852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40686589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical surface function-based design and 3D printing of airway stents.","authors":"Bengi Yilmaz,&nbsp;Bilge Yilmaz Kara","doi":"10.1186/s41205-022-00154-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41205-022-00154-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a method applied to build a 3D object of any shape from a digital model, and it provides crucial advantages especially for transferring patient-specific designs to clinical settings. The main purpose of this study is to introduce the newly designed complex airway stent models that are created through mathematical functions and manufactured with 3D printing for implementation in real life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mathematical modeling software (MathMod) was used to design five different airway stents. The highly porous structures with designated scales were fabricated by utilizing a stereolithography-based 3D printing technology. The fine details in the microstructure of 3D printed parts were observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mechanical properties of airway stents with various designs and porosity were compared by compression test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The outputs of the mathematical modeling software were successfully converted into 3D printable files and airway stents with a porosity of more than 85% were 3D printed. SEM images revealed the layered topography of high-resolution 3D printed parts. Compression tests have shown that the mathematical function-based design offers the opportunity to adjust the mechanical strength of airway stents without changing the material or manufacturing method.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A novel approach, which includes mathematical function-based design and 3D printing technology, is proposed in this study for the fabrication of airway stents as a promising tool for future treatments of central airway pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9356489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40685163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Workflow to develop 3D designed personalized neonatal CPAP masks using iPhone structured light facial scanning.","authors":"Amika A Kamath,&nbsp;Marielle J Kamath,&nbsp;Selin Ekici,&nbsp;Anna Sofia Stans,&nbsp;Christopher E Colby,&nbsp;Jane M Matsumoto,&nbsp;Mark E Wylam","doi":"10.1186/s41205-022-00155-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41205-022-00155-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a common mode of respiratory support used in neonatal intensive care units. In preterm infants, nasal CPAP (nCPAP) therapy is often delivered via soft, biocompatible nasal mask suitable for long-term direct skin contact and held firmly against the face. Limited sizes of nCPAP mask contribute to mal-fitting related complications and adverse outcomes in this fragile population. We hypothesized that custom-fit nCPAP masks will improve the fit with less skin pressure and strap tension improving efficacy and reducing complications associated with nCPAP therapy in neonates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After IRB approval and informed consent, we evaluated several methods to develop 3D facial models to test custom 3D nCPAP masks. These methods included camera-based photogrammetry, laser scanning and structured light scanning using a Bellus3D Face Camera Pro and iPhone X running either Bellus3D FaceApp for iPhone, or Heges application. This data was used to provide accurate 3D neonatal facial models. Using CAD software nCPAP inserts were designed to be placed between proprietary nCPAP mask and the model infant's face. The resulted 3D designed nCPAP mask was form fitted to the model face. Subsequently, nCPAP masks were connected to a ventilator to provide CPAP and calibrated pressure sensors and co-linear tension sensors were placed to measures skin pressure and nCPAP mask strap tension.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Photogrammetry and laser scanning were not suited to the neonatal face. However, structured light scanning techniques produced accurate 3D neonatal facial models. Individualized nCPAP mask inserts manufactured using 3D printed molds and silicon injection were effective at decreasing surface pressure and mask strap pressure in some cases by more than 50% compared to CPAP masks without inserts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found that readily available structured light scanning devices such as the iPhone X are a low cost, safe, rapid, and accurate tool to develop accurate models of preterm infant facial topography. Structured light scanning developed 3D nCPAP inserts applied to commercially available CPAP masks significantly reduced skin pressure and strap tension at clinically relevant CPAP pressures when utilized on model neonatal faces. This workflow maybe useful at producing individualized nCPAP masks for neonates reducing complications due to misfit.</p>","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9341126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40661756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D printed integrated bolus/headrest for radiation therapy for malignancies involving the posterior scalp and neck.","authors":"Eric J Hsu,&nbsp;David Parsons,&nbsp;Tsuicheng Chiu,&nbsp;Andrew R Godley,&nbsp;David J Sher,&nbsp;Dat T Vo","doi":"10.1186/s41205-022-00152-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41205-022-00152-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malignancies of the head and neck region, encompassing cutaneous, mucosal, and sarcomatous histologies, are complex entities to manage, comprising of coordination between surgery, radiation therapy, and systemic therapy. Malignancies of the posterior scalp are particular challenging to treat with radiation therapy, given its irregular contours and anatomy as well as the superficial location of the target volume. Bolus material is commonly used in radiation therapy to ensure that the dose to the skin and subcutaneous tissue is appropriate and adequate, accounting for the buildup effect of megavoltage photon treatment. The use of commercially available bolus material on the posterior scalp potentially creates air gaps between the bolus and posterior scalp.</p><p><strong>Case presentations: </strong>In this report, we created and utilized a custom 3D-printed integrated bolus and headrest for 5 patients to irradiate malignancies involving the posterior scalp, including those with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, and dermal sarcoma. Treatment setup was consistently reproducible, and patients tolerated treatment well without any unexpected adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found that the use of this custom 3D-printed integrated bolus/headrest allowed for comfortable, consistent, and reproducible treatment set up while minimizing the risk of creating significant air gaps and should be considered in the radiotherapeutic management of patients with posterior scalp malignancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9290275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40512089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From the ground up: understanding the developing infrastructure and resources of 3D printing facilities in hospital-based settings.","authors":"Kristy M Shine,&nbsp;Lauren Schlegel,&nbsp;Michelle Ho,&nbsp;Kaitlyn Boyd,&nbsp;Robert Pugliese","doi":"10.1186/s41205-022-00147-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41205-022-00147-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>3D printing is a popular technology in many industries secondary to its ability to rapidly produce inexpensive, high fidelity models/products, mainly through layer-by-layer fusion of various substrate materials. In healthcare, 3D printing has garnered interest for its applications in surgery, simulation, education, and medical device development, and 3D printing facilities are now being integrated into hospital-based settings. Yet, little is known regarding the leadership, resources, outputs, and role of these new onsite entities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The purpose of this research was to survey features of North American hospital-based 3D printing facilities to understand their design and utility in anticipation of future expansion. Hospital-based 3D printing labs were recruited through online special interest groups to participate via survey response. Anonymous, voluntary data were collected from 21 facilities over 9 weeks and reported/analyzed in aggregate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the respondents, > 50% were founded in the past 5 years and 80% in the past decade, indicating recent and rapid growth of such facilities. Labs were most commonly found within large, university-affiliated hospitals/health systems with administration frequently, but not exclusively, through radiology departments, which was shown to enhance collaboration. All groups reported collaborating with other medical specialties/departments and image segmentation as part of the workflow, showing widespread interest in high fidelity, personalized medicine applications. Lab leadership was most often multidisciplinary, with physicians present on nearly all leadership teams. Budgets, personnel, and outputs varied among groups, however, all groups reported engagement in multiple 3D printing applications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This preliminary study provides a foundation for understanding the unique nature of hospital-based 3D printing labs. While there is much to learn about such in-house facilities, the data obtained reveal important baseline characteristics. Further research is indicated to validate these early findings and create a detailed picture of the developing infrastructure of 3D printing in healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9275538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40584380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the value of a 3D printed model for hands-on training of gynecological pelvic examination.","authors":"Matthias Kiesel,&nbsp;Inga Beyers,&nbsp;Adam Kalisz,&nbsp;Achim Wöckel,&nbsp;Anne Quenzer,&nbsp;Tanja Schlaiß,&nbsp;Christine Wulff,&nbsp;Joachim Diessner","doi":"10.1186/s41205-022-00149-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41205-022-00149-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Simulation in the field of gynecological pelvic examination with educational purposes holds great potential. In the current manuscript we evaluate a 3D printed model of the female pelvis, which improves practical teaching of the gynecological pelvic examination for medical staff.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated the benefit of a 3D printed model of the female pelvis (Pelvisio®) as part of a seminar (\"skills training\") for teaching gynecological examination to medical students. Each student was randomly assigned to Group A or B by picking a ticket from a box. Group A underwent the skills training without the 3D printed model. Group B experienced the same seminar with integration of the model. Both groups evaluated the seminar by answering five questions on Likert scales (1-10, 1 = \"very little\" or \"very poor\", 10 equals \"very much\" or \"very good\"). Additionally, both groups answered three multiple-choice questions concerning pelvic anatomy (Question 6 to 8). Finally, Group B evaluated the 3D printed model with ten questions (Question 9 to 18, Likert scales, 1-10).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two of five questions concerning the students' satisfaction with the seminar and their gained knowledge showed statistically significant better ratings in Group B (6.7 vs. 8.2 points and 8.1 vs. 8.9 points (p < 0.001 and p < 0.009). The other three questions showed no statistically significant differences between the traditional teaching setting vs. the 3D printed model (p < 0.411, p < 0.344 and p < 0.215, respectively). The overall mean score of Question 1 to 5 showed 8.4 points for Group B and 7.8 points for Group A (p < 0.001). All three multiple-choice questions, asking about female pelvic anatomy, were answered more often correctly by Group B (p < 0.001, p < 0.008 and p < 0.001, respectively). The mean score from the answers to Questions 9 to 18, only answered by Group B, showed a mean of 8.6 points, indicating, that the students approved of the model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presented 3D printed model Pelvisio® improves the education of female pelvic anatomy and examination for medical students. Hence, training this pivotal examination can be supported by a custom designed anatomical model tailored for interactive and explorative learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9261074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40475137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of guide wire placement for femoral neck stabilization using 3D printed drill guides.","authors":"Gregory R Roytman,&nbsp;Alim F Ramji,&nbsp;Brian Beitler,&nbsp;Brad Yoo,&nbsp;Michael P Leslie,&nbsp;Michael Baumgaertner,&nbsp;Steven Tommasini,&nbsp;Daniel H Wiznia","doi":"10.1186/s41205-022-00146-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41205-022-00146-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The goal of stabilization of the femoral neck is to limit morbidity and mortality from fracture. Of three potential methods of fixation, (three percutaneous screws, the Synthes Femoral Neck System, and a dynamic hip screw), each requires guide wire positioning of the implant(s) in the femoral neck and head. Consistent and accurate positioning of these systems is paramount to reduce surgical times, stabilize fractures effectively, and reduce complications. To help expedite surgery and achieve ideal implant positioning in the geriatric population, we have developed and validated a surgical planning methodology using 3D modelling and printing technology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using image processing software, 3D surgical models were generated placing guide wires in a virtual model of an osteoporotic proximal femur sawbone. Three unique drill guides were created to achieve the optimal position for implant placement for each of the three different implant systems, and the guides were 3D printed. Subsequently, a trauma fellowship trained orthopedic surgeon used the 3D printed guides to position 2.8 mm diameter drill bit tipped guide wires into five osteoporotic sawbones for each of the three systems (fifteen sawbones total). Computed Tomography (CT) scans were then taken of each of the sawbones with the implants in place. 3D model renderings of the CT scans were created using image processing techniques and the displacement and angular deviations at guide wire entry to the optimal sawbone model were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across all three percutaneous screw guide wires, the average displacement was 3.19 ± 0.12 mm and the average angular deviation was 4.10 ± 0.17^o. The Femoral Neck System guide wires had an average displacement of 1.59 ± 0.18 mm and average angular deviation of 2.81 ± 0.64^o. The Dynamic Hip Screw had an average displacement of 1.03 ± 0.19 mm and average angular deviation of 2.59 ± 0.39^o.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of custom 3D printed drill guides to assist with the positioning of guide wires proved to be accurate for each of the three types of surgical strategies. Guides which are used to place more than 1 guide wire may have lower positional accuracy, as the guide may shift during multiple wire insertions. We believe that personalized point of care drill guides provide an accurate intraoperative method for positioning implants into the femoral neck.</p>","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9254431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9536621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Algorithms used in medical image segmentation for 3D printing and how to understand and quantify their performance.","authors":"Magdalene Fogarasi, James C Coburn, Beth Ripley","doi":"10.1186/s41205-022-00145-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41205-022-00145-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>3D printing (3DP) has enabled medical professionals to create patient-specific medical devices to assist in surgical planning. Anatomical models can be generated from patient scans using a wide array of software, but there are limited studies on the geometric variance that is introduced during the digital conversion of images to models. The final accuracy of the 3D printed model is a function of manufacturing hardware quality control and the variability introduced during the multiple digital steps that convert patient scans to a printable format. This study provides a brief summary of common algorithms used for segmentation and refinement. Parameters for each that can introduce geometric variability are also identified. Several metrics for measuring variability between models and validating processes are explored and assessed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a clinical maxillofacial CT scan of a patient with a tumor of the mandible, four segmentation and refinement workflows were processed using four software packages. Differences in segmentation were calculated using several techniques including volumetric, surface, linear, global, and local measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Visual inspection of print-ready models showed distinct differences in the thickness of the medial wall of the mandible adjacent to the tumor. Volumetric intersections and heatmaps provided useful local metrics of mismatch or variance between models made by different workflows. They also allowed calculations of aggregate percentage agreement and disagreement which provided a global benchmark metric. For the relevant regions of interest (ROIs), statistically significant differences were found in the volume and surface area comparisons for the final mandible and tumor models, as well as between measurements of the nerve central path. As with all clinical use cases, statistically significant results must be weighed against the clinical significance of any deviations found.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Statistically significant geometric variations from differences in segmentation and refinement algorithms can be introduced into patient-specific models. No single metric was able to capture the true accuracy of the final models. However, a combination of global and local measurements provided an understanding of important geometric variations. The clinical implications of each geometric variation is different for each anatomical location and should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis by clinicians familiar with the process. Understanding the basic segmentation and refinement functions of software is essential for sites to create a baseline from which to evaluate their standard workflows, user training, and inter-user variability when using patient-specific models for clinical interventions or decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9229760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40395420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D printed models in pregnancy and its utility in improving psychological constructs: a case series","authors":"J. J. Coté, Brayden Patric Coté, A. Badura-Brack","doi":"10.1186/s41205-022-00144-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41205-022-00144-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65780756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D printing for surgical planning of canine oral and maxillofacial surgeries","authors":"Yu-hui Huang, Bonnie Lee, J. A. Chuy, Stephanie L Goldschmidt","doi":"10.1186/s41205-022-00142-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41205-022-00142-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47694671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}