[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health最新文献

{"title":"[Considerations for the current situation and expected support systems for families of individuals with alcohol use disorders, substance use disorders, or behavioral addictions].","authors":"Yukari Senoo, Hideki Fujii, Hongja Kim, Yuki Kuwabara, Aya Kinjo, Yoneatsu Osaki","doi":"10.11236/jph.25-005","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.25-005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"167-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145440171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Survey on child-rearing expenditures for households in Japan: Web-based questionnaire conducted in 2024].","authors":"Nana Misawa, Kenji Takehara","doi":"10.11236/jph.25-023","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.25-023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　The financial burden of raising children is a societal concern in Japan. Since the 2009 Cabinet Office survey on child-rearing costs, which was conducted online, a few comprehensive assessments of the total cost of raising children in Japanese households have been subsequently conducted. This study aimed to estimate both annual and cumulative child-rearing costs from birth to age 18, categorizing expenses by preschool, elementary school, junior high school, and high school years, and examine changes in expenditure since 2009.Methods　A web-based survey on child-rearing expenses was conducted in November 2024, targeting mothers with children aged 0-18 years, who had their first child in Japan. Child-rearing costs were assessed across 13 expenditure categories, ensuring comparability with the Cabinet Office survey. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of annual costs were calculated for each category across schooling years, excluding extreme values exceeding three SDs. The total annual cost was derived by summing categorized expenditures. The results were compared with those of the 2009 Cabinet Office survey to evaluate cost trends over time.Results　In total, 6408 responses were collected, including 4166 valid responses. The total estimated expenditure for raising a child from birth through the third year of high school was approximately JPY 25,701,956. When excluding savings and insurance, the cost was approximately JPY 21,727,154. Annual child-rearing expenses tended to increase with the age of the child, with a pronounced increase observed in educational costs during the transitions to junior high and high schools. The cumulative cost from birth through the third year of junior high school was JPY 18,995,250 in the 2009 survey and JPY 19,530,626 in the present study.Conclusion　This study revealed that households with lower incomes tend to allocate a higher proportion of their income to living expenses and that the financial burden on these households is particularly high during the high school years and during transitions to new educational stages, such as entry into junior high or high schools. Developing economic support programs for households raising children should be guided by data, including the expenditure patterns identified in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"176-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145304831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Strategies to improve specific health checkup participation rates: An analysis using the \"Health Promotion Programs Chart\"].","authors":"Yoshino Yokoyama, Kyoko Nakao, Haruko Uemura, Hiroo Ide, Yuji Furui","doi":"10.11236/jph.25-052","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.25-052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　To maximize the effectiveness of Specific Health Checkups (SHC), participation rates must be improved. Municipalities have implemented various strategies to achieve these goals. However, these strategies are often not explicitly documented and remain tacit knowledge, resulting in the fragmentation of such knowledge. This study aimed to document and clarify the strategies adopted by municipalities to improve SHC participation rates and to examine the implementation of these strategies in relation to the target population size and participation rates.Methods　Strategies to improve SHC participation rates were gathered from the National Health Insurance (NHI) records of all 35 municipalities using a standardized format, the \"Health Promotion Programs Chart,\" and through interviews with two municipalities in the Yamagata Prefecture. These strategies were classified into six categories by specialists in health promotion programs based on workflow processes. A questionnaire containing 47 items across these six categories was administered to all 35 municipalities. Differences between groups based on the target population size and participation rates regarding strategy implementation were statistically analyzed using Fisher's exact test.Results　The questionnaire had a 100% response rate. The most frequently reported strategies were those related to encouraging participation (19 items), followed by public awareness initiatives (10 items). Municipalities with larger populations were significantly more likely to \"hold regular meetings and discussions with medical associations on program progress and challenges\". In contrast, three strategies were significantly more prevalent in municipalities with lower participation rates: \"targeted encouragement for specific individuals,\" \"outsourcing of mailing encouragement activities,\" and \"sending participation reminders at least twice\" (P ＜ 0.05 for all). However, none of the strategies showed a significant positive correlation with participation rates.Conclusion　This study documented and clarified the strategies implemented by municipalities to improve SHC participation rates. This study also highlighted the differences in strategy implementation based on the target population size, providing valuable insights for municipalities to adapt their approaches accordingly. However, no specific strategies were more commonly adopted by municipalities with higher participation rates. As this study was limited to a single prefecture, further research incorporating data from other regions was required to accumulate knowledge and develop effective measures to enhance SHC participation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"199-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145440146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Knowledge of menstrual health issues among male workers in relation to their age, job position, and marital status].","authors":"Hidehiko Yamada, Hajime Iwasa, Kayoko Ishii, Takayuki Idaka, Seiji Yasumura","doi":"10.11236/jph.25-010","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.25-010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　Female workers have various work-related challenges associated with menstrual health. A prior study has revealed that 50% of surveyed females reported a lack of understanding of menstrual health issues in their workplace. To date, only a few studies have evaluated menstrual health knowledge among male workers. This study aimed to examine the relationship between knowledge of menstrual health issues among male workers and their basic attributes (age, job position, and marital status), as well as implications for occupational health practice.Methods　A self-administered, anonymous survey was conducted between August 7 and August 28, 2023 among male workers in two manufacturing establishments in Fukushima Prefecture. The survey included demographic questions and assessed knowledge of menstruation-related topics, such as the presence of health issues before and during menstruation, menstrual abnormalities, and social trends. Participants were requested to select, \"know\" or \"don't know\", for each item. Participant demographics and knowledge of menstruation were evaluated using descriptive statistics, and the associations between knowledge of menstruation and basic attributes were analyzed using chi-square tests and residual analysis.Results　Of the 311 distributed questionnaires, 190 were returned (response rate: 61.1%), and 165 were included in the analysis. More than 70% of the respondents were familiar with health issues appearing before and during menstruation, and menstrual abnormalities, including \"becoming angry\", \"heavy bleeding\", and \"amenorrhea\". However, only 20% of the respondents were aware of menstrual health issues such as \"itching\", \"sweating\", and \"hot flashes\". Approximately 70% of the respondents did not identify \"prolonged menorrhea\" as a menstrual abnormality, and 90% were unaware of social trends related to menstruation. Age of the respondents was associated with the presence or absence of knowledge of menstrual health issues. Teen-aged respondents were aware of \"increased appetite\", and respondents in their 20s identified \"breast tenderness\", \"sleepiness\", and \"increased appetite\". Respondents in their 50s were less aware of menstrual health issues such as \"sleepiness\" or \"increased appetite\", and those in their 60s were not aware of \"breast tenderness\" or \"increased appetite\". Additionally, managers demonstrated knowledge about \"becoming angry\", \"heavy bleeding\", \"lower abdominal pain\", \"difficulty concentrating\", and \"sweating\". A significant association was observed only between knowledge of \"hot flashes\" and marital status.Conclusions　Most respondents were aware of the common health issues associated with menstruation. However, many were unaware of the less common menstrual health issues, menstrual abnormalities, and social trends associated with menstruation. Further studies are required to identify effective measures for improving menstrual knowledge among male workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"188-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145304829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Perceptions of community-based connectedness with people among older individuals and related factors].","authors":"Asuka Yoshida, Michiyo Hirano","doi":"10.11236/jph.25-014","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.25-014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　Social isolation among older individuals whose living environment is changing is an issue that should be addressed. Retirement, social inclusion (SI), and building connections with community-dwelling individuals are important for preventing social isolation. Particularly in the case of older adults, it is important to clarify their subjective connections with community-dwelling individuals to build connections with them. The aim of this study was to clarify older adults' perceptions of community-based connectedness and related factors.Methods　The participants, 800 men and women in their 70s and 80s living in urban areas, were surveyed in February 2024 using a self-administered, anonymous postal questionnaire. The survey items included attributes, perceptions of community-based connectedness, social networks (SN), SI, and community relationships. Multiple regression analysis using the forced entry method was conducted, with perceptions of community-based connectedness with people as the dependent variable; SN, SI, and community relationships as independent variables; and attributes as covariates.Results　We collected 338 questionnaires and 316 valid responses (valid response rate: 39.5%). The participants' mean age was 79.0 ± 5.4 years, and 172 (54.4%) were men. The mean score for perceptions of community-based connectedness with people was 83.4 ± 17.6, with minimum and maximum scores of 36 and 131, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that SN (standardized partial regression coefficient (β) = 0.124, P = 0.012) and SI \"connectedness\" (β = 0.132, P = 0.023), SI \"participation\" (β = 0.100, P = 0.047), and community relationships (β = 0.469, P < 0.001) were significantly asso-ciated with perceptions of community-based connectedness with people.Conclusion　The subjective connectedness of older adults was related to the objective connectedness of SN and SI in terms of \"connectedness\" and \"participation.\" The results suggested that the perception of the community as a whole as connected is related to older adults' perceptions of community-based connectedness with people. We concluded that the spread of individual behaviors within the community and improvements in overall community quality are linked to perceptions of community-based connectedness.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"147-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145304860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Occupational injuries among migrant workers in Japan: A scoping review].","authors":"Mao Nakazawa, Ai Hori, Yukari Isaka, Masao Ichikawa","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-135","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　The number of occupational injuries among migrant workers in Japan has increased. This increase corresponds with the increase in the number of migrant workers in Japan, which has more than doubled over the past 10 years, from approximately 720,000 in 2013 to a record high of over two million in 2023. There were 5,672 work-related deaths and injuries in 2023. To prevent occupational injuries, it is necessary to strengthen countermeasures, by considering the specific risks present in each industry. In this study, we conducted a scoping review to identify problems associated with occupational injuries for various industry types and examined preventive measures.Methods　The review targeted literature published from 1990 up to October 2023. Academic databases (CiNii Research, Ichushi Web, and PubMed) were searched, along with \"Kakehashi\" published by the Japan International Trainee & Skilled Worker Cooperation Organization (JITCO) and the official websites of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and JITCO. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts and selected documents that mentioned occupational injuries among migrant workers. Subsequently, they independently reviewed the full text (or the abstract, if the full text was unavailable) to determine eligibility. The studies were categorized as case reports (based on a single-case analysis) or survey reports (based on multiple-case analyses). The industries addressed in the literature were classified according to the Japan Standard Industrial Classification.Results　Two reviewers screened 885 reports and selected 73 for review, including 37 survey reports and 36 case reports. Of the survey reports, three focused on \"agriculture and forestry,\" two on \"construction,\" three on \"manufacturing,\" and one on \"transport and postal services,\" while 28 did not focus on specific industries. The identified issues included insufficient understanding of machinery use and failure to retain operational skills, in the agriculture and forestry sector; inadequate knowledge of basic safety practices on construction sites in the construction sector; and malfunctioning safety devices on press machines, general machine malfunctions, and a lack of safety training in the manufacturing sector. Some efforts to address these problems through targeted measures were observed in the agriculture and forestry and construction sectors. Some industries did not exhibit industry-specific problems.Conclusion　To prevent occupational injuries among migrant workers, it is necessary to collect industry-specific information that is currently lacking.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"3-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145287863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Corrigendum: Effects of a multifactorial intervention for improving frailty on risk of long-term care insurance certification, death, and long-term care cost among community-dwelling older adults: A quasi-experimental study using propensity score matching].","authors":"Yuri Yokoyama, Satoshi Seino, Seigo Mitsutake, Mariko Nishi, Hiroshi Murayama, Miki Narita, Tatsuro Ishizaki, Yu Nofuji, Akihiko Kitamura, Shoji Shinkai","doi":"10.11236/jph.67.10_752e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11236/jph.67.10_752e","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":"73 7","pages":"662-663"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148622712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A study on the effectiveness of dental health guidance in the workplace in Aomori Prefecture: Implementation of the Dental Lifestyle Support Program focusing on primary prevention of dental diseases].","authors":"Rumi Ito, Motoki Ohnishi","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-146","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective　The study aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of dental health guidance in improving self-reported oral symptoms and oral health behaviors through two interventions: dental checkups using the Dental Lifestyle Support Program questionnaire and dental health guidance provided by dental hygienists in workplace settings.Methods　This study targeted employees without dental checkups at five workplaces in the Aomori Prefecture. Support materials (\"tools\") were created based on the Dental Lifestyle Support Program. An initial 21-item questionnaire survey was conducted at each facility. After completing the survey, participants were alternately assigned to ensure equal numbers in both groups: the individualized guidance group, who received the survey results and tools, followed by a five-minute individual dental health guidance session using the tools; and the information-only group, who received only the results and tools without further guidance. Three months later, the same questionnaire survey was conducted. Changes within groups were analyzed using McNemar's test, and between-group changes were assessed using a logistic regression.Results　Of 448 participants, 411 were analyzed (individual guidance group: 204; information-only group: 207). The male-to-female ratios were 74:130 and 67:140, respectively, with median ages of 45 (IQR36-53) years and 42 (IQR34-54) years. Within-group comparisons revealed significant improvements in oral symptoms and behaviors in both groups. The individualized guidance group showed improvements in one item related to oral health issues, two oral condition items, and four oral health behavior items, whereas the information-only group showed improvements in one item related to oral issues, one environmental support item, and one oral health behavior item. Between-group comparisons revealed a significant improvement in \"snack intake\" for the individualized guidance group.Conclusion　Both groups showed positive changes in oral symptoms and health behaviors with minimal differences between them. Results of the intervention suggest that dental health guidance is effective in improving oral symptoms and health behaviors in workplaces where dental checkups are not provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"921-931"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Learning from the United Kingdom on public health human resource development: A report of the Committee on Public Health Nursing].","authors":"Masako Kageyama, Karen Whittaker, Reiko Okamoto, Keiko Nakamura, Mariko Sakamoto, Masayuki Endo, Eri Osawa, Tomofumi Sone","doi":"10.11236/jph.25-085","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.25-085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　We aimed to learn about public health human resource development in the United Kingdom (UK), where recent reforms have been made in public health nursing education. Our objective was to obtain transferable lessons that could inform the education of public health professionals in Japan.Methods　The Committee on Public Health Nursing organized an online lecture cosponsored by the Internationalization Promotion Committee and the Japan Academy of Public Health Nursing. The lecture, titled \"Supporting the development of the public health nursing workforce in the UK: the example of health visiting,\" was given in June 2024 by Dr. Karen Whittaker, Senior Education and Workforce Lead at the Institute of Health Visiting (iHV). It was available live and on-demand for one month. Members of each committee were present on the day of the lecture to deepen their understanding through dialogue.Results　The lecturer introduced the position of public health in the UK, the challenge of health inequalities, and an overview of the relevant service systems. Specific attention was given to the Universal Healthy Child Program for England, public health nursing with a focus on health visiting, and iHV activities. The Q&A session expanded the discussion to cover topics such as service design, workforce education on diversity to address health inequalities, and multi-disciplinary team working. It also explored the potential career pathways for health visitors and requirements for education, which now include a post-graduate Specialist Community Public Health Nurse (SCPHN) - Health Visiting qualification. Additionally, the importance of professional proficiency and continuing professional development (CPD) was emphasized, as these are required to renew registration every three years with the independent regulator, the Nursing and Midwifery Council. The role and purpose of iHV in supporting health visitors and the issues addressed by iHV were also covered. Including both live and on-demand participation, the session received a total of 636 views.Conclusion　The UK approach to health inequalities is based on proportionate universalism. In the UK, a multi-ethnic country, education on ethnic diversity is provided to personnel involved in public health, which is helpful when considering education in Japan. In the UK, basic education and CPD based on uniform standards for SCPHN are systematically provided and are considered necessary to support quality assurance as a profession. Since basic education and CPD for public health nurses are not standardized in Japan, there is a need to systematically provide education based on common standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"968-974"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145304767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Characteristics of respondents to Internet survey collecting screenshots of step-count on iPhone: A cross-sectional study].","authors":"Marimo Mori, Shiho Amagasa, Hiroki M Adachi, Noritoshi Fukushima, Tomoki Nakaya, Shigeru Inoue, Masamitsu Kamada","doi":"10.11236/jph.25-034","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.25-034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　Recently, step-count, as an objective measure of physical activity, has become available on smartphones and is recorded by default on an iPhone (Apple Inc.). Using screenshot images of the step-count graph of the iPhone healthcare application, an image analysis tool was developed to enable a large-scale and retrospective physical activity assessment. However, the characteristics of the respondents involved in the collection of such step-count images remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the characteristics of iPhone users and respondents who provided step-count images via an Internet survey.Methods　We conducted an Internet survey in December 2022 among 5,346 Kobe residents aged ≥ 20 years from a survey company's panel population. They previously responded to a web-based survey on physical activity, health, and community environment administered in 2021. The participants were asked to provide their demographics and walking time. iPhone users were additionally asked to take and upload two screenshots of step-count graphs on their iPhones; one-month and one-year graphs. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis to examine the factors associated with iPhone use and image provision.Results　Among 3,308 respondents, 349 (11%) provided images, 1,138 (34%) were iPhone users who did not provide images, and 1,821 (55%) did not use an iPhone. Those aged ≤ 64 years exhibited a higher likelihood of iPhone usage compared to older adults (odds ratio; 2.45, [95% confidence interval; 2.04-2.94]), as did women compared to men (1.47 [1.26-1.71]), those with a household income of ≥ 6 million JPY compared to those with lower income (1.39 [1.20-1.62]), and those with a college degree or higher compared to the others (1.17 [1.01-1.36]). Furthermore, those aged ≤ 64 years were more likely to provide step-count images than older adults (3.58 [2.17-5.90]), as were those with a college degree or higher compared to the others (1.71 [1.32-2.23]) and those with longer walking time compared to those with shorter walking time (1.66 [1.21-2.28]).Conclusion　Age, sex, household income, and education were associated with iPhone use, whereas age, education, and physical activity level were associated with step-count screenshots. Possible biases must be considered among iPhone users and image providers in collecting and using step-count images in Internet surveys.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"942-950"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}