Advanced Studies in Biology最新文献

{"title":"Comprehensive oral care program for intubated intensive care unit patients","authors":"A. Batiha, F. Alhalaiqa, I. Bashayreh, A. Saifan, Ibtisam M. Al-Zaru, S. Omran","doi":"10.12988/ASB.2015.5213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ASB.2015.5213","url":null,"abstract":"Background VAP is among the most widespread intensive care unit nosocomial infection; it can be prevented by oral care. Aim To explore the impact of implementing American Association of Critical Care Nurses Endotracheal Tube and Oral Care procedure (AACN ETT& OC) on the rate of Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) development in Jordanian mechanically ventilated patients. Methods A quasi-experimental design with control group was used. Results VAP was statistically significantly higher among the control group, as compared to the intervention group (12.5% and 4% respectively, P <0.01). In the intervention group, the VAP rates decreased by 50% and the mean length of mechanical ventilator usage decreased from 7.3 to 5 days. The mean time to start VAP was extended from 2.3 days in the intervention group to 4.9 days in the control group. A significant decrease was found in mortality rates; from 20% (15/72) in the control group to 13.9% (10/75) in the intervention group, P <0.01. Conclusion Implementation of this procedure reduces hospitalization, morbidity, mortality 260 Abdul-Monim Batiha et al. and improves quality of care. Implications for nursing and health policy The implementation of an AACN ETT& OC can significantly reduce VAP rates, and encourages health policy makers to adapt evidence-based oral and ETT care.","PeriodicalId":7194,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Studies in Biology","volume":"68 1","pages":"259-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89392144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchihal Bayesian parameter estimation for HIV dynamic models","authors":"Mokaedi V. Lekgari","doi":"10.12988/ASB.2015.517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ASB.2015.517","url":null,"abstract":"Most studies on parameter estimation for HIV dynamic models have ignored pre-treatment viral load data hence utilizing only post-treatment viral load data. In this study we utilize pre-treatment viral load data to estimate parameters of the HIV dynamic model in the absence of therapy. By employing hierarchical Bayesian parameter estimation approach, we were able to get reasonably robust estimates of the model parameters. Using simulated data, the parameter estimation was done at both the individual and population levels with the implementation carried out via Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods.","PeriodicalId":7194,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Studies in Biology","volume":"90 1","pages":"217-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73556386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifetime-independent risk of a second primary cancer in artificial populations subjected to frailty and cell senescence effects","authors":"Luis Soto-Ortiz, J. Brody","doi":"10.12988/ASB.2015.514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ASB.2015.514","url":null,"abstract":"In the past, the age-specific incidence of most forms of cancer was widely thought to increase monotonically with age. However, cancer registry data show that the specific incidence for many forms of cancer increases with age, reaches a maximum, and then decreases. At least two hypotheses have been proposed to explain this decrease: the cell senescence hypothesis and the frailty hypothesis. The objective of our work was to formulate a stochastic model of cancer incidence to estimate the lifetime-independent odds ratio (LIOR) measuring the risk of developing a second primary cancer, conditioned on a first cancer diagnosis, relative to the risk of developing a first primary cancer, in two artificial populations: one where cancer susceptibility is universal and one where only a small proportion of individuals are born susceptible, or frail, to developing one or more cancers. The predicted LIOR values were significantly greater than 1, only 180 Luis Francisco Soto-Ortiz and James P. Brody when a frailty effect was introduced in the model. This result suggests that if a limited proportion of the United States population were innately susceptible to developing cancer, this would be reflected in a LIOR value significantly greater than 1. In addition, the model predicts that the smaller the pool of susceptibles in a population, the larger the computed LIOR value would be. This one-to-one mapping between a LIOR value and the corresponding proportion of susceptibles indicates that a LIOR value could be used to indirectly estimate the proportion of individuals born predisposed to developing a particular type of cancer. Moreover, this result raises the possibility that a LIOR value could be used as a metric to assess how the relative risk of developing a second primary cancer, varies by cancer type in a given geographical region.","PeriodicalId":7194,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Studies in Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"179-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75179637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Matrix-Assisted Refolding and Purification of Proteins by a Novel Designed Anion Exchange Chromatography","authors":"A. Dashbolaghi, S. Khatami, S. Sardari, R. A. Cohan, M. Ghorbani, D. Norouzian","doi":"10.12988/ASB.2015.5635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ASB.2015.5635","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The refolding of recombinant human interferon α-2b is accompanied by low yield that could be due to high aggregation and multiplicity of steps in downstream processing. It is therefore essential to refold and purify the protein to simultaneously increase the production yield and reduce the required downstream steps. Methods: Inclusion bodies were dissolved in Tris-HCl buffer containing 6 M guanidine and applied to a newly designed poly-arginine anion exchange chromatography system. Different reduced-oxidized glutathione amount were employed for refolding the target protein. The refolded proteins were applied to gel filtration chromatography and subjected to biological activity assessment. Results: By increasing the sample volume, the refolding efficacy, purification factor and potency were significantly decreased. This reduction can be highest when only 2 column volumes of the glutathione redox pair presented in the column. The highest values of these factors were obtained when 4 column volumes of the glutathione redox pair offered to the column. To achieve better results, the proportion of sample volume and the amount of passed glutathione redox pair through column should be optimized. Consistent with the increase of sample volume to 1250 μl at any levels of glutathione redox pair there was a significant drop in all factor values. Conclusion: Poly-arginine anion exchange matrix is a new artificial chaperone that can improve the refolding and purification process simultaneously with high efficacy. Therefore, we present poly-arginine anion exchange chromatography as an alternative method for protein refolding with promising commercial and developmental potential.","PeriodicalId":7194,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Studies in Biology","volume":"3 1","pages":"365-375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75833749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different levels of vermicompost and fungal compost on several traits of Ziziphora clinopodioides lam. in Northern Khorasan, Iran","authors":"S. Karimi, K. Hemati, M. Kheirkhah","doi":"10.12988/ASB.2015.519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ASB.2015.519","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7194,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Studies in Biology","volume":"23 1","pages":"203-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81745444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from calves’ diarrhoea samples by molecular and serological methods","authors":"H. Pourtaghi, Sina Ghaznavi, H. Sodagari, Amir Ghadimianazar","doi":"10.12988/ASB.2015.5316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ASB.2015.5316","url":null,"abstract":"This study was performed to estimate the prevalence of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in calves’ diarrhoea samples by molecular and serological methods. Rectal swabs from 127 diarrhoeaic calves were collected from 10 different farms of Tehran province during March to September 2014. ETEC was detected by both mPCR and ELISA. According to the results, ETEC was detected in 14 (11%) and 5 (3.9%) diarrhoea samples by mPCR and ELISA methods respectively. All 14 positive samples were detected by mPCR method had three virulence genes including K99 (F5), F41 and STa. Although 11 (78.5%) and 3 (21.4%) positive cases were identified from traditional and semi-industrial farms respectively, no isolates were identified related to the industrial farms. The results represented that detection assays such as ELISA which is only able to detect fimbriae (F5), will follow false-positive cases. For this reason mPCR assay has been developed and recognized as effective, rapid and reliable tools for detection of ETEC.","PeriodicalId":7194,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Studies in Biology","volume":"515 1","pages":"293-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77088131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cadmium tolerance fungi isolated from polluted sites in the Mae Tao creek, Thailand","authors":"T. Netpae, Sawitree Suckley, C. Phalaraksh","doi":"10.12988/ASB.2015.41050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ASB.2015.41050","url":null,"abstract":"This research were aimed at determining water and sediment quality and screening for high Cd tolerance fungi from the Mae Tao creek in Mae Sot District, Tak Province, Thailand. The study results revealed that mostly the surface water quality of the Mae Tao creek was suitable for people to consume and industrial purposes under sanitary controlled process and agriculture. The concentrations of Cd in water were low compared to the surface water quality standards of Thailand, but Cd levels in the sediment were found to exceed the UK Health Protection Agency standard of soil and sediment. Totally five isolates (Humicola sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp. 1, Aspergillus sp. 2 and Alternaria sp.) could grow on potato dextrose agar containing 1 mg l Cd. Altogether, Humicola sp. could grow in the presence of high concentration Cd and was considered as high Cd resistance fungi, which makes it an attractive potential candidate for further investigation regarding its ability to remove Cd from polluted water. 30 Tinnapan Netpae, Sawitree Suckley and Chitchol Phalaraksh","PeriodicalId":7194,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Studies in Biology","volume":"35 1","pages":"29-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85679618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular typing of staphylococcus aureus strains from Iranian raw milk and dairy products by coagulase gene polymorphisms","authors":"A. Dehkordi, E. Tajbakhsh, F. Tajbakhsh, F. Khamesipour, m m Shahraki, H. Momeni","doi":"10.12988/ASB.2015.516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ASB.2015.516","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most important pathogen in food poisoning and causes gastroenteritis in humans. This study was carried out to determine coagulase gene (coa gene) polymorphisms among S. aureus strains in raw milk and dairy products. A total of 320 samples of raw milk from cow, sheep and goat and 350 samples of traditional dairy products were investigated for S. aureus contamination and their genotypes of coa gene. Among the 320 raw milk samples, S. aureus were detected in 88 (27.5%) samples, and in the 350 dairy products, 87 samples (24.8%) were positive for S. aureus. S. aureus strains isolated from dairy products belong to genotype I and VIII, 45.9% and 18.3% respectively. Among S. aureus strains from raw milk samples, coa gene polymorphisms were observed only in cow milk samples and genotype I and VIII","PeriodicalId":7194,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Studies in Biology","volume":"64 1","pages":"169-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85569463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of endophytic fungi in drought resistance of Lolium perenne in Iran (Isfahan) condition","authors":"J. Vahid, R. Mohamad, M. Islam, Darvish Farrokh","doi":"10.12988/ASB.2015.5423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ASB.2015.5423","url":null,"abstract":"It has been long that the symbiotic relationship among some members of poaceae family and endophyte fungi has been identified and under focus. They belong to genus Epchloe (Clavipitaceae), which reside in the leaf sheath of Lolium perenne. The presence of endophytes in a plant leads to its resistance to a range of biotic and abiotic stresses. To conduct the study, more than 640 fresh plant materials (Natural samples) of Lolium perenne, of which 32 had endophytes, were collected from the native rangelands in north-east, west, north and northwest of Iran. To insure the presence of fungal endophyte in the samples, leaf sheaths were stained with Rose Bengal. The genomic DNA was also extracted from the isolates to confirm the identity of fungi. According to the morphological characteristics and specific primers, all the isolated fungi from Lolium perenne were identified as Epichloe endophytes. Then 32 endophyte-infected genotypes and 32 endophytefree genotypes of Lolium perenne were planted in a farm in Isfahan. In order to study the role of endophytic fungi in drought resistance of Lolium perenne, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with two replications. To impose the drought stress, after determining the FC and PWP and 246 Jajarmi Vahid et al. drawing the moisture diagram, when the soil moisture reached 40% of the field capacity, the field was irrigated with a volume of water that was calculated during the experiment appropriate with the root depth. In the present study, height, crown, dry weight, leaf length, leaf width, wet weight, number of tillers and leaf water content were measured. To analyze the data, SAS was employed and to compare the means LSD was used. The WARD was used to cluster-analyze the data and the Stat Graphic was used to draw the biplot. The stress conditions reduced all traits except leaf width and water content and this reduction was significantly lower in endophyte-infected genotypes. In other words, under the stress condition, endophyte-infected samples had higher tillers number, dry weight, crown, leaf length and wet weight. The cluster analysis separated the genotypes into 3 groups in the normal condition and four groups in the stress condition. The endophyte-infected genotypes and endophyte-free genotypes were accurately isolated. Most of the genotypes infected with endophytes were in the second group in normal condition. Enjoying most of the traits, the genotypes of this group had a better average than the other groups. The genotypes of this group are a very suitable source for breeding and performance increase. The isolation of the endophyte-infected and endophyte-free genotypes was properly carried out in the stress conditions of the cluster analysis and the endophyte-infected genotypes could go in the third group. The factor analysis also determined two factors that accounted for 88.92% of variation in the normal condition. In the genotype dispersion observed and evaluated in normal cond","PeriodicalId":7194,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Studies in Biology","volume":"11 1","pages":"245-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83161430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal concentration of PEG-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles for generation of reactive oxygen species in human-derived amniotic membrane stem cells","authors":"Maryam Naseroleslami, K. Parivar, S. Khoei, N. Aboutaleb","doi":"10.12988/ASB.2015.5634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ASB.2015.5634","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7194,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Studies in Biology","volume":"31 1","pages":"377-388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76918308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}