Shuai-Chi Liu , Yu-Tong Li , Yu-Qing Qin , Ling Yang , Meng-Ying Liu , Ji Liu , Yang Li , Cheng-Fei Cao , Li-Xiu Gong , Shi-Neng Li , Guo-Dong Zhang , Long-Cheng Tang
{"title":"Mechanically strong, stretchable and self-healable silicone elastomers with designed dynamic networks for exceptional self-adhesion under harsh conditions","authors":"Shuai-Chi Liu , Yu-Tong Li , Yu-Qing Qin , Ling Yang , Meng-Ying Liu , Ji Liu , Yang Li , Cheng-Fei Cao , Li-Xiu Gong , Shi-Neng Li , Guo-Dong Zhang , Long-Cheng Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicone elastomers with wide-temperature stability and excellent mechanical flexibility have attracted considerable interest in both academic and industrial fields. However, the highly cross-linked networks cannot self-heal and usually show poor adhesion to other substrates, limiting their sustainable applications in emerging fields. Developing self-adhesive organosilicon elastomers with high mechanical strength, superior stretchability, and exceptional self-healing performance remains a significant challenge. Herein, we propose a facile method to synthesize self-adhesive organosilicon elastomers with high mechanical strength, flexibility, and self-healing performance by designing dynamic networks. Specifically, multiple reversible physical and chemical bonds, such as disulfide bonds, hydrogen bonds, and Zn<sup>2+</sup> coordination bonds, are integrated into the organosilicon chains via click reactions, carboxylic acid-amine condensation, and ionic coordination. The optimized organosilicon elastomers exhibit exceptional stretchability and mechanical properties, including an elongation at break of ∼5600 %, high strength (2.2 MPa), and toughness (54.38 MJ/m<sup>3</sup>), outperforming traditional organosilicon elastomers. Additionally, the as-prepared elastomers demonstrate remarkable self-healing ability, with 80–93 % healing efficiency at 25–60 <sup>o</sup>C, and excellent self-adhesion to various substrates (0.3–1.0 MPa on aluminum, steel, and wood). These properties are maintained under harsh conditions, including low temperature (−10 <sup>o</sup>C), saltwater, and organic solvents. Clearly, the organosilicon elastomers developed in this work hold significant potential as green and sustainable candidates for various self-adhesive applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 422-432"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144630561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qianshun Zhang , Wenzhuo Wu , Wenqi Zheng , Qi Huang , Zhanyu Zhou , Junpeng Wang , Xuerui Xiao , Hua Wang , Siwei Xiong , Luoxin Wang , Shiwen Yang
{"title":"Highly thermally conductive and insulating aramid/polyphenylene sulfide composite paper with gradient and sandwich structures","authors":"Qianshun Zhang , Wenzhuo Wu , Wenqi Zheng , Qi Huang , Zhanyu Zhou , Junpeng Wang , Xuerui Xiao , Hua Wang , Siwei Xiong , Luoxin Wang , Shiwen Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2025.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2025.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With rapid industrial development, effective thermal management has become essential for modern insulating materials. However, conventional aramid paper-based materials face substantial challenges in meeting these evolving demands due to their low thermal conductivity. This study demonstrates a novel fabrication method combining natural sedimentation filtration and thermal lamination to integrate hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) into aramid/polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) composite paper, resulting in high thermal conductivity insulating aramid composite paper with a gradient structure and sandwich structure. At 60 wt% h-BN loading, the composite exhibits remarkable through-plane thermal conductivity (0.461 W/mK) and breakdown strength (40.96 kV/mm). These values show 255 % and 31.8 % improvements, respectively, over the h-BN-free control sample prepared under identical conditions. The thermal conductivity network formed by h-BN significantly enhances the TC of the composite. The exterior PPS film layer of the sandwich structure substantially augments the composite paper's resilience against thermal stress, chemical corrosion, and electromagnetic radiation. This enhanced durability renders the material highly promising for applications in various domains, including but not limited to electronics and electrical engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 443-453"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144630564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-pressure hydrogen effects on thermoplastics: A comprehensive review of permeation, decompression failure, and mechanical properties","authors":"Jiacheng Zhao , Guozhen Ding , Peng Feng , Chao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen energy is widely regarded as a clean and sustainable alternative to fossil fuel. Among various hydrogen storage options, high-pressure gas cylinders, especially Type IV composite cylinders, are increasingly used due to their light weight and high storage efficiency. Since the thermoplastic liner plays a significant role as a permeation barrier of the total cylinder, the current research findings and gaps related to its properties under high-pressure hydrogen environments are reviewed. Firstly, the potential thermoplastics and processing techniques of the liner are presented. Then, the review focuses on three key properties of thermoplastic liners including permeability, decompression failure and mechanical properties under high-pressure hydrogen environments. The mechanism and key influencing factors of these properties are systematically discussed, followed by the proposal of targeted and valuable improvement strategies. Moreover, testing and standards, quantification and physical models of these three properties are also outlined to provide guidance and reference for future research and applications. In the end, the research gaps and future perspectives related to the thermoplastic liner are identified. This review provides a valuable reference for the performance optimization and engineering application of the thermoplastic liners of Type IV cylinders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 387-407"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144630557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Triethylenetetramine-modified ammonium polyphosphate as charring agent for enhanced flame retardancy in ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer","authors":"Yi-Song Wang , Wen Ye , Yan Jiang , De-Yi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel charring agent (TETA-APP) was prepared via ion exchange reaction between triethylenetetramine (TETA) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP). It was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM), X-ray photoelectron analysis (XPS), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), etc. Furthermore, the obtained TETA-APP was blended with APP to act as flame retardant in ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and the comprehensive properties of the composites were tested. Compared with IFR@EVA-1 (30 wt% APP in EVA), IFR@EVA-3 with 15 wt% TETA-APP and 15 wt% APP in EVA resin resulting in 32.1 % of limiting oxygen index (LOI) and V-0 grade of vertical burning test (UL-94), and showed a significant decrease in both the values of pHRR (reduced by 54.5 %) and SPR (reduced by 46.0 %) in cone calorimetric (CC) analysis. These results demonstrated that TETA-APP performed obviously synergistic effect in APP/EVA system. Then thermogravimetric-infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy were used to further investigate the flame-retardant mechanism. In gaseous phase, the degraded CO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O acted as diluents reducing oxygen density, and the formed PO· performed quenching effect to capture free radicals. In condensed phase, a large number of -P-N-C-, -P-C- bonds produced by the decomposition of TETA-APP were helpful for forming a more stable char layer, which restricted the exchange of heat and flammable pyrolysates. Both the effects in gaseous and condensed phases were the principal reason for the much better flame retardancy in EVA resin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 433-442"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144630563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiansheng Hong , Yunlong Li , Yuying Zheng , Qian Li
{"title":"Constructing a biomass flame retardant for fire-safe, thermal management, and compressive strength application of polybutylene adipate terephthalate/ polylactic acid foams","authors":"Xiansheng Hong , Yunlong Li , Yuying Zheng , Qian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and polylactic acid (PLA) as a biodegradable thermoplastic material have been expected to replace traditional undegradable plastics. However, PBAT resins are highly flammable and have poor thermal stability and lower compressive strength performance. For enhancing PBAT compressive strength, thermal stability, and flame retardancy performance, polylactic acid (PLA) resin was used to mix with the PBAT matrix. Meanwhile, a biomass additive (PA@CS) was prepared through phytic acid (PA) solution as the grinding medium modifying cellulose (CS) particles by the ball milling process. As the PBAT/10PLA/PA@CS foam presented, PA@CS implanted into pore walls which supported the structure integrity of foams and presented the lowest surface temperature when heating at 170 °C for 180 s. The compressive strength of PBAT/10PLA/PA@CS foam with 5 wt% of PA@CS addition reached 1.05 MPa at 20 % strain. During the combustion process, PA@CS, as flame retardants, demonstrated excellent suppressing heat dispassion and fire-resistance performance. For instance, 5 wt% of PA@CS presented the highest ultimate oxygen index (LOI) (27.9 %), and UL-94 V-0 rating. In detail, 5 wt% of PA@CS also reduced the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) from 851.47 kW m<sup>−2</sup> to 524.45 kW m<sup>−2</sup> by 38 %, total heat release (THR) from 84.34 MJ m<sup>−2</sup> to 66.45 MJ m<sup>−2</sup> by 21 %. In this work, PA@CS as an efficient biomass flame retardant provided technical support for the development of high-performance compressive strength, thermal insulation, and flame retardancy PBAT/PLA foams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 251-263"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Reinoso Arenas , Eimear Magee , Stephen Hodge , Les Bell , Tony McNally
{"title":"Graphene nanoplatelet induced microphase separation in poly(ether-block-amide)s","authors":"David Reinoso Arenas , Eimear Magee , Stephen Hodge , Les Bell , Tony McNally","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inclusion of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) in segmented block copolymers offers a route to manipulate microphase separation for tailoring the mechanical properties of thermoplastic elastomers. GNP loading, lateral size, surface chemistry, interactions with the copolymer hard (HS) and soft (SS) segments and the relative ratio of HS:SS determine the mechanical properties achievable. To test this hypothesis, two different GNPs with similar surface chemistry but which differed in lateral dimensions by one order of magnitude (GNP1, ∼2 μm and GNP2, ∼20 μm) were melt mixed with three different poly(ether-block-amide)s (PE-b-A)s with variable HS and SS content from high to low. The inclusion of the larger lateral sized GNP2 had a more pronounced effect on PE-b-A morphology as it was more effective at hindering SS chain mobility resulting in microphase separation and suppression of the glass transition temperature (T<sub>g</sub>) of the PE-b-A with the largest SS content. At low loadings GNP2 preferentially locates to the HS region, inducing reorganisation of this phase resulting in increased microphase separation. Strain induced crystallisation (SIC) phenomena were also observed for the lowest HS content PE-b-A, behaviour not evident for the PE-b-A with the largest HS content as the SS are not long enough to allow SIC. Inclusion of GNP2 to the PE-b-A with the largest HS content resulted in the largest increase in Young's modulus (E) of 46 %, tensile strength (σ) of 37 % and elongation at break (ε) of 53 % relative to the unfilled polymer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 211-225"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sehwan Song , Youlim Lee , Woochul Lee , Sang-Hee Yoon
{"title":"Physicochemically modified polymer-based fluidic gates with tunable wetting properties for intelligent liquid manipulations","authors":"Sehwan Song , Youlim Lee , Woochul Lee , Sang-Hee Yoon","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The creation of a selective flow path and the regulation of a flow rate are of critical importance for polymer-based devices that manipulate liquid at the microscale. <em>The formation of a 3D interconnected network of voids (i.e., physical volumetric modification) and the addition of a nonionic surfactant, Silwet L-77, (i.e., chemical volumetric modification)</em> are expected to affect the wetting properties of polymers, thereby achieving selective gating effect in the polymer-based devices as an <em>appropriate technology</em>. Here, a set of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based fluidic gates (F-gates) were developed to enable selectivity for liquids and flow-rate control of the liquids by tuning the wetting properties of PDMS with the physicochemical volumetric modifications. For water and oil with different surface tensions (STs), the effects of the physical and chemical volumetric modifications on the fluidic gating of PDMS were quantitatively characterized in terms of contact angle, mass flow rate, and liquid absorption speed. The applicability of PDMS-based F-gates to the selective separation of oil and water even from oil-in-water emulsion was demonstrated by fabricating Janus PDMS-based F-gates. Our physicochemical volumetric modifications were also extensively analyzed to examine whether they satisfy the technological, economic, and ecological requirements of appropriate technology. This is the first effort to tailor the wetting properties of PDMS through physicochemical volumetric modifications, thus configuring a set of PDMS-based F-gates that act both as a separator for liquids of different STs and as a switch for fluid flows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 236-250"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhangzhang Tang , Gao Deng , Yiyuan Sun , Liming Tao , Chao Wang , Zenghui Yang , Peng Liu , Qihua Wang , Yaoming Zhang , Tingmei Wang
{"title":"4D printing of high-performance shape memory polymer with double covalent adaptive networks","authors":"Zhangzhang Tang , Gao Deng , Yiyuan Sun , Liming Tao , Chao Wang , Zenghui Yang , Peng Liu , Qihua Wang , Yaoming Zhang , Tingmei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving 4D printing of shape memory polymers with both high strength and high transition temperature remains challenging due to the inherent incompatibility between the rigid molecular structure required for high strength and the molecular structure that moves on demand necessary for the shape memory effect, the limitations of high-performance polymer reaction kinetics, as well as internal stress during the printing process. Here, a direct ink writing (DIW) printed high-precision cyanate ester-urethane (CU) shape memory polymer with excellent performance was accomplished by incorporating two dynamic covalent bonds (carbamate and cyanuric acid) through copolymerizing cyanate ester with polyurethane acrylates. During curing, carbamate and cyanuric acid enable stress relaxation and polymer network rearrangement, facilitating the permanent reconfiguration of CU to form a novel triazine network structure. As a result, a high mechanical properties CU with excellent strength (83 MPa) and superior Young's modulus (2.37 GPa) were obtained, besides, the transition temperature (near 250 °C) is the highest in comparison to currently reported 4D-printed shape memory polymers. Furthermore, this reconfigurability was demonstrated by imprinting various surface patterns at microscopic level. Moreover, the reconfigurability of CU provides a novel strategy for smart molds in deformation and easy demolding. Overall, this study opens up a new avenue for the development of high-performance 4D printed shape memory polymers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 226-235"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mojtaba Ahmadi , Omid Zabihi , Zahra Komeily Nia , Vishnu Unnikrishnan , Colin J. Barrow , Minoo Naebe
{"title":"Engineering flame and mechanical properties of natural plant-based fibre biocomposites","authors":"Mojtaba Ahmadi , Omid Zabihi , Zahra Komeily Nia , Vishnu Unnikrishnan , Colin J. Barrow , Minoo Naebe","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating global concerns surrounding unsustainable petroleum consumption have fueled interest in natural plant fiber polymer biocomposites (NFPCs) as eco-friendly alternatives. NFPCs offer advantages such as low density, specific mechanical properties, recyclability, and biodegradability. Despite their potential for addressing environmental issues and serving as cost-effective alternatives for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) remediation, challenges exist due to their poor thermal stability and flammability. This comprehensive review delves into efforts to enhance the flame resistance of NFPCs, focusing on flammability testing methods, the impact of flame retardants, and underlying flammability mechanisms. Emphasizing the delicate balance between flame resistance and structural integrity, the review establishes a framework for understanding the thermo-structural response of burning NFPCs. Additionally, it explores sustainability and recycling aspects, offering insights crucial for comprehending fire-induced damage processes in NFPCs, especially in high-performance applications where exposure to high temperatures is inevitable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 168-195"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synergistic effects of Psidium guajava and copper nanoparticles reinforced hybrid Hydrogel for tissue engineering","authors":"D.V. Krishna , M.R. Sankar , P.V.G.K. Sarma , E.L. Samundeshwari","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogels are biopolymers proficient in engrossing much water in their 3D network structure. However, single-polymer hydrogels frequently experience poor physio-mechanical properties, confining their border applications. The present work concentrated on developing chemically crosslinked hydrogels using the terpolymerization of gelatin (GEL), guar gum (GGM), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava leaf (EPG) and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were added to enhance the biomechanical properties of the developed hydrogels. Hydrogels' viscoelastic, mechanical, swelling, and cytotoxicity properties were assessed. All the hydrogels exhibited a porous-like structure with a swelling index of 230–280 %. A compressive strength of 5 MPa with splendid chondrocyte viability was noticed in the hydrogels comprised of EPG and CuNPs. The multiple interactions among the polymer chains impart better frequency and shear strain-dependent behavior. The time-dependent frictional behavior of hydrogel under the lubrication of artificial synovial fluid reveals the decreased coefficient of friction over time. The performance of the hybrid hydrogel enhanced with EPG and CuNPs was superior, making it a promising material for tissue engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 264-278"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}