可持续生物质能源系统(英文)最新文献

{"title":"Heat Transfer within Direct Heating Integrated Moving Bed Torrefier by Method of Lines","authors":"Bosikawa Mosi Fabrice, Sumuna Temo Vertomene, Mbuyi Katshiatshia Haddy","doi":"10.4236/JSBS.2021.111001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JSBS.2021.111001","url":null,"abstract":"This work deals with the \u0000determination of the temperature profile within a direct heating moving bed torrefier in \u0000order to determine its minimum column height. A thermal model based on eulerian-eulerian two-phase solid-gas theory was performed and solved with the \u0000method of lines. In addition, this study \u0000allows to investigate the effect of the \u0000biomass particle size on the minimum torrefier column height. This investigation was performed by changing, simultaneously, the diameter of particles and \u0000the minimum fluidization velocity of the bed. Then, the calculations were made \u0000for a counter-current torrefaction reactor of 30 cm in diameter and for 5 kg/h of the feed rate of raw \u0000sugarcane bagasse. Results show that the height \u0000of the reactor column must be at least 30 cm for that are 1 mm in diameter and \u0000108 cm for particles that are 2 mm in diameter.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45443295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Current Status, Potential Benefits and Future Prospects of the Australian Biogas Sector","authors":"T. Ngo, A. Ball, E. Shahsavari","doi":"10.4236/JSBS.2021.111002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JSBS.2021.111002","url":null,"abstract":"Anaerobic \u0000digestion technology provides a new approach to treat organic waste while \u0000generating greenhouse gas (GHG) savings. Moreover, the \u0000methane gas produced during the process can be used to generate electricity. In order to ensure that Australia stays on its \u0000trajectory towards a carbon neutral future, the use of anaerobic digestion technology to treat its abundant organic \u0000waste streams should be considered. Thirty million tonnes (Mt) of organic waste was produced in 2017. The use of \u0000anaerobic digestion to treat 1 tonne of waste could result in 0.143 tonne of \u0000CO2-e in GHG savings. In contrast, other more widely employed waste \u0000disposal methods such as landfilling, composting and incineration may generate GHG emissions. Additionally, the use \u0000of methane for electricity production also generates the least GHG emissions \u0000per MWh. This is approximately 3 times \u0000lower than crude oil, 4 times lower than black coal and 5 times lower than brown coal. However, the adoption and \u0000implementation of anaerobic digestion technology in Australia face several \u0000immediate constraints. Firstly, anaerobic digestion technology is deemed \u0000unprofitable, incurring high initial \u0000capital cost, operating costs and extremely long payback periods. Secondly, there is a lack of government support \u0000in terms of a national target for biogas production via anaerobic digestion. \u0000This review will provide an in-depth analysis into the current state of the Australian biogas sector. In addition, the review discusses the opportunities to make \u0000anaerobic digestion technology more financially viable and to accelerate the \u0000growth of the Australian biogas sector.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45614673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Cooking Cultures and Practices in Rural Uganda","authors":"H. K. Nsamba, R. Ssali, S. Ssali, F. Matovu, J. Wasswa, H. Balimunsi","doi":"10.4236/JSBS.2021.111003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JSBS.2021.111003","url":null,"abstract":"Many communities across the globe still practice \u0000poor cooking cultures as part of their well-being to prepare food and other \u0000heating activities. Such bad cooking practices are not environmentally friendly, \u0000are wasteful and have adverse health \u0000effects. This work presents the results of the survey that was conducted to \u0000establish the existing cooking practices commonly used in Uganda, identify the \u0000commonly used fuel during cooking, identify perceptions on improved cooking \u0000stoves (ICS), perceived preferences during cooking as well as identify whether \u0000users are aware of the health challenges due to poor cooking and describe \u0000community opinions of ICS for rural communities in Uganda. The interviews were \u0000conducted on household levels across all the regions covering Uganda’s major \u0000rural regions. It was observed that the largest population of rural Ugandans still use the 3 stone stove fire for cooking with \u0000a percentage of 53.5%, Charcoal stove, 27.3%, Improved cooking stove, 16.9%, \u0000Electric cookers,1.2%, LPG 0.7% and biogas 0.5% for the preparation of their various types of cooked foods while \u0000forest firewood is the commonly used biomass fuel for cooking with a percentage \u0000of 66.8% compared to Charcoal, Briquettes, Saw \u0000dust and others with a percentage of 27.1%, 0.7%, 0.7%, 1.1% \u0000respectively. This reveals the great majority of users whose life is at risk as \u00003 stone stoves are characterized by low efficiency and high smoke production \u0000which increases the health risks of the users as well as increase the risk of \u0000deforestation rates. Household cooks showed great willingness to pay for a \u0000novel stove type in all the 4 regions but \u0000from the survey data, it was indicated that the preferences varied from one \u0000region to another with a great majority preferring minimal smoke production \u0000with increased heat retention capacity. It was revealed that 91.4% of the \u0000interviewed households were aware of the health challenges due to poor cooking \u0000methods which they resolved by using \u0000open space during cooking. There was variation in the quantity of food cooked \u0000in a day, time spent on cooking and how \u0000often the cooking is done from one region to another due to the difference in \u0000economic activities as well as the different climate factors. While using \u0000cooking stoves, users preferred large cooking pot space with minimal smoke \u0000production and rapid heating. Such information can act as a basis for the design \u0000of an improved cooking stove for the rural Ugandan community as engineered \u0000products must be designed to suit the needs of the end-user.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":"11 1","pages":"33-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44309527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Getting Fuel from Sucrose (Table Sugar)","authors":"Al-Baraa Akram","doi":"10.4236/jsbs.2021.114017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jsbs.2021.114017","url":null,"abstract":"This idea is based mainly on the most important biochemical process, which is the process of bioremediation, it is based on the use of anaerobic fermentation yeast/Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the conversion of sugar to alcohol and then oxidizing it to get food vinegar followed by some reactions of neutralization and heating using catalysts and increasing pressure to get water gas, or what it is called natural gas. This method produces three liters of natural gas using one liter of sugar solution. The main result of this process is getting 3 folds of natural gas from 1 liter of sugar in addition that the source of biofuel is agricultural so it is free from the organic impurities that are always present with fossil fuels would be obtained and the biofuel obtained does not cause air pollution. Glucose is fermented under anaerobic conditions to avoid the formation of bread yeast.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70427477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelisation and Optimization of a Microbial Desalination Cell System","authors":"Hedia Khaled, A. Zrelli, M. Hamed, B. Chaouachi","doi":"10.4236/jsbs.2021.113009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jsbs.2021.113009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70426685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ancillary Impacts of Harvest Residue Pelletization","authors":"Ryan Jacobson, S. Sokhansanj, Dominik Roeser, Jason Hansen, Bhushan Gopaluni, X. Bi","doi":"10.4236/jsbs.2021.113011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jsbs.2021.113011","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the implications on employment, taxation, and wildfire fuel reduction costs when using mobile pellet mills to remove biomass and reduce wildfire fuels. Wildfire suppression costs in British Columbia have exceeded the set budget in 9 of the last 10 years and the province has only reduced the fuel load on a fraction of the high-risk hectares. Using a novel high-moisture mobile pellet mill allows the production of 89,000 tonnes of wood pellets each year for a price of $293 tonne −1 . Each tonne produced also provides $546 tonne −1 in additional benefits from employment, taxation, and reductions in the cost to perform fuel treatments. The presented research found that 11 employees are needed to operate a mobile pellet mill, with total employment of 242 for 22 systems across BC. The assessed system can also avoid $5.5 million in employment insurance payments. The 22 systems also provide $323,000 in taxable profits and $524,000 from income taxes from employees. Fuel treatment with the researched systems costs $1112 ha −1 . A cost-benefit analysis shows that the system provides $2.97 in benefits for every dollar in-vested.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70426739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design Considerations of a Flexible Biogas Digester System for Use in Rural Communities of Developing Countries","authors":"J. N. Mungwe, D. Asoh, E. Mbinkar","doi":"10.4236/jsbs.2021.114016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jsbs.2021.114016","url":null,"abstract":"Several challenges are associated with the development, adoption and deployment of biogas digesters in developing countries. Amongst these challenges is a comprehensive and systematic procedure for the design of digesters suitable for rural communities. This paper proposes the Flexible Biogas Digester System (FBDS) as a viable option for rural communities in developing countries and provides a detailed step-by-step procedure for its design. The biogas production process is a function of the digester operating factors which may be grouped into physical, process and performance parameters. The physical design parameters include the digester volume, the volume of the biogas storage tank, and the volume of the installation pit. The process parameters include total solid content of the slurry (TS), organic loading rate (OLR), digester operating temperatures, pH of the slurry inside the digester. The performance parameters include biogas production rate, biogas productivity and biogas quality. The Net Present Value and the Levelised Cost of Energy are presented for simple economic evaluation of the FBDS.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70427015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects of Bioenergy Production for Sustainable Rural Development in Ghana","authors":"Nii Nelson, J. Darkwa, J. Calautit","doi":"10.4236/jsbs.2021.114015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jsbs.2021.114015","url":null,"abstract":"Biomass supplies about 80% of the energy needs for cooking and heating in rural Ghana. It is predominantly used in traditional and inefficient forms (firewood and charcoal), which presents environmental and health concerns. In order to better the living standard in rural Ghana, efforts must be made to provide modern energy services. Most rural communities in Ghana are so remote that an extension of the national grid is uneconomical, hence biomass electricity provides a viable alternative. Biomass is pivotal to the socio-economic development of rural Ghana due to its easy accessibility and enormous potential in the production of varied energy forms. In this paper, a comprehensive review of biomass resources, biomass energy conversion technologies and bioenergy production potential for rural development in Ghana is provided. The most important feedstock from an energy perspective was found to be crop residues. Based on 2017 statistics, Ghana has a theoretical potential of 623.84 PJ of energy from agricultural crop residues and 64.27 PJ of energy from livestock production. Evidence from literature suggests that biomass gasification is the best conversion technology to expand electricity access rate for rural households in Ghana. The paper concludes that although ample biomass resources exist, cocoa pod husks (CPH) which is very common in rural Ghana can be pelletized and used as feedstock for rural power generation systems.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70427281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of Agricultural Waste: Theoretical Estimation and Experimental Biomethane Yield from Cashew Nut Hulls","authors":"M. Nikiéma, M. Somda, J. Sawadogo, D. Dianou, A. Traoré, A. Ouattara","doi":"10.4236/jsbs.2020.104009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jsbs.2020.104009","url":null,"abstract":"Biomethane potential production from cashew nut \u0000hulls, an agricultural waste, was carried out using old and fresh hulls as \u0000substrates. Samples were taken from old hulls (around 8 years old) and fresh \u0000hulls produced in cashew scale transformation units at Bobo Dioulasso/Burkina \u0000Faso. Physicochemical parameters showed that cashew hulls can be a good candidate for anaerobic \u0000digestion. But high acidity, total phenols and lignin tenor could be a \u0000constraint for anaerobic bacteria. Theoretical biochemical methane potential \u0000showed high value of 666.937 CH4 L. (Kg VS)-1 and 526.206 CH4 L. (Kg VS)-1 for crushed fresh and powdered old hulls, respectively. \u0000Experimental biochemical methane potential showed significantly low potential \u0000of 1.982 CH4 L. (Kg \u0000VM)-1 and 46.840 CH4 L. (Kg VM)-1 for fresh and hold hulls, respectively. Pretreatment for \u0000optimization, chemical composition and co-digestion system must be expected for \u0000a better anaerobic digestion performance.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"113-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49351613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the Bioenergy as a Part of Renewable Energy in the Nordic Countries: A Comparative Analysis","authors":"T. Ranta, M. Laihanen, A. Karhunen","doi":"10.4236/jsbs.2020.103008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jsbs.2020.103008","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative assessment of the bioenergy and renewable energy situation in the Nordic countries, Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Norway, was conducted in this study. What factors have contributed to the current high use of renewable energy and especially bioenergy in the Nordic countries? What are the sources of renewable energy and where renewable energy is being used? The development of renewable energy use is described by time series and compared to the overall development of the EU. All of the Nordic countries have high renewable energy consumption and have already met the target for gross final energy consumption according to the Europe 2020 strategy while the EU is behind the 20% target. In total, 53.1 Mtoe renewable energy was used in the Nordic countries in 2018, which was 51% of the final energy consumption, 103.3 Mtoe. Bioenergy accounts for approximately half of renewable energy, 25.8 Mtoe, and is anticipated to develop further. Especially in Norway and Sweden the share of renewable energy was high (73% and 55%) compared to Finland and Denmark (41% and 36%). Norway is famous for hydropower (81% share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in 2018) and Denmark for wind power production (20%), while Finland utilizes a lot of biomass for co-generation and heating (79%), followed by Denmark (64%) and Sweden (55%) in 2018. At EU level, bioenergy plays even a higher role than in Nordic countries in renewable energy production (56%) in 2017 and is anticipated to continue to grow in all end-use sectors such as heating and cooling, electricity generation and transport, in the 2020s.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42109559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}