可持续生物质能源系统(英文)最新文献_第4页

Hydraulically Powered Wood Chip Blower in Test and Its Use Opportunity in Biofuel Supply Chain 试验中的液压木屑鼓风机及其在生物燃料供应链中的应用机会

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.4236/jsbs.2020.103007

J. Föhr, R. Kc, T. Ranta, M. Miettinen

{"title":"Hydraulically Powered Wood Chip Blower in Test and Its Use Opportunity in Biofuel Supply Chain","authors":"J. Föhr, R. Kc, T. Ranta, M. Miettinen","doi":"10.4236/jsbs.2020.103007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jsbs.2020.103007","url":null,"abstract":"Most forest chips are delivered to large-sized, combined heat and power plants in Finland. In this study, we introduce and demonstrate the small-scale delivery of forest wood chips to potential clients, with the wood chips being delivered in a container truck and pneumatically blown into a storage facility. This arrangement of wood chips being blown through a pipe into a storage eliminates the ground handling while requiring a relatively small space. In the demonstration tests, we tested the volumetric flow of biomass in the hose and its noise level while the blower was blowing the material and the flow speed of the material in the hose. This study discusses the test conditions in which the compatibility and suitability of the truck and its hydraulic system were used in conventional chip delivery in Finland and the selected blower type was investigated. According to the results, the biomass volume flow was higher (~0.46 m3/min) when the blower revolution was lower (2392 - 2566 RPM). However, when the RPM was increased to ~3000, the volumetric flow decreased to ~0.24 m3/min. Similarly, the speed of the chips was higher with a lower RPM; 29.9 m/s at an RPM of 2400 and 25 m/s at an RPM of 2700. This is potentially due to both the blower and screw conveyer using the same power source. Additional optimization research would be needed to conclusively state the root cause of this phenomenon. On the other hand, chips from pruned stems had better flow than the chips from whole trees, since chips from whole tree have a wider range of chips sizes, including 1.3% of chips being in the range of 31.5 - 40 mm. The larger chips clogged the hose, which hindered the flow. Finally, the noise tests showed that it was louder at 0 degrees, which contrasted with the situation for the blower, with an aside at 90 degrees.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42237844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

One-Dimensional Study of Thermal Behavior of Typha Panel: Spectroscopy Characterization of Heat Exchange Coefficient on Front Face 台风面板热行为的一维研究——正面换热系数的光谱表征

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2020-05-11 DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2020.102005

Sokhna Khadidiatou Ben Thiam, A. Ba, M. Ndiaye, I. Diagne, Youssou Traoré, S. Faye, C. Thiam, Pape Touty Traore, Ablaye Fame, G. Sissoko

引用次数: 5

Influence of Substrate Proximate Properties on Voltage Production in Microbial Fuel Cells 基质邻近性质对微生物燃料电池电压产生的影响

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2020-05-11 DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2020.102004

J. K. Mbugua, D. Mbui, J. Mwaniki, F. Mwaura, S. Sheriff

{"title":"Influence of Substrate Proximate Properties on Voltage Production in Microbial Fuel Cells","authors":"J. K. Mbugua, D. Mbui, J. Mwaniki, F. Mwaura, S. Sheriff","doi":"10.4236/JSBS.2020.102004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JSBS.2020.102004","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study, we investigate the influence of proximate properties of five different fruits on voltage and current generated from a double chamber microbial fuel cell. Fruits comprising of avocado, tomato, banana, watermelon and mango were analyzed for proximate properties using standard methods. Rumen fluid was used as the inoculum in fabricated H-shaped double chamber fuel cells with graphite rods electrodes at room temperature. The voltage and current generated were monitored daily for 30 days using a DT9205A digital multi-meter. The average moisture content for the fruits samples ranged from 82.86% - 95.16% while the crude fat was in the range of 0.12% - 0.33% with avocado having fat levels at 9.03%. Carbohydrates level was the highest in banana at 19.24% and the lowest in tomato waste at 2.93%. Tomato waste produced the highest voltage of 0.702 V on day 20 while lower voltage was noted in watermelon fruit wastes at 0.019 V. The voltage and current increased linearly with time for all the fruit wastes. These results indicate that substrate proximate properties influence the voltage and current generated in microbial fuel cell. In addition, moisture content and carbohydrates level were the major factors that influence microbial fuel cells performance.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48279616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Assessment of Municipal Organic Solid Waste, as a Potential Feedstock for Briquette Production in Kampala, Uganda 乌干达坎帕拉城市有机固体废物作为型煤生产潜在原料的评估

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2020-05-11 DOI: 10.4236/jsbs.2020.102006

Richard Basona Abondio, A. Komakech, R. Kambugu, N. Kiggundu, J. Wanyama, A. Zziwa, S. Kyamanywa

{"title":"Assessment of Municipal Organic Solid Waste, as a Potential Feedstock for Briquette Production in Kampala, Uganda","authors":"Richard Basona Abondio, A. Komakech, R. Kambugu, N. Kiggundu, J. Wanyama, A. Zziwa, S. Kyamanywa","doi":"10.4236/jsbs.2020.102006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jsbs.2020.102006","url":null,"abstract":"The \u0000current shortage of energy resources coupled with environmental degradation \u0000problems resulting from deforestation in Uganda has contributed to increased \u0000demand for renewable energy resources including municipal organic solid waste \u0000and agricultural residues. However, organic waste from Municipal Solid Waste \u0000(MSW) may contain contaminants that are harmful to public health and the \u0000environment. This study determined the heavy metal concentration in MSW in \u0000Kampala City, Uganda. Also, the physicochemical properties of briquettes \u0000produced from the MSW were compared with charcoal. The waste samples were collected \u0000from residential, institutional and market areas over a period of two weeks. They were then analyzed for the presence of \u0000heavy metals. Briquettes were made from the bio-waste and were subjected to calorific and proximate analysis. \u0000Results indicated that the mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Pb were \u00001.25 mg/kg, 2.04 mg/kg, 38.2 mg/kg, 3.97 mg/kg and 1.99 mg/kg respectively \u0000while Hg was not detected. The calorific values of briquettes ranged from 8.9 \u0000to 15.3 MJ/kg and were lower than those of charcoal. Heavy metal concentrations \u0000in bio-waste collected were below the permissible acceptable limits. These findings indicate that the sampled MSW does not pose a health hazard \u0000arising from the presence of such heavy metals and therefore could be a safe \u0000source of renewable energy.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45482686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Public Perceptions of MSW Management in Wrocław City, Poland 波兰Wrocław市公众对城市固体废物管理的看法

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2020-01-15 DOI: 10.4236/jsbs.2020.101002

Anas Zyadin, K. Natarajan, S. Kuittinen, Tanja Kähkönen, B. Igliński, M. Dąbrowska, Maxim Trishkin, A. Pappinen

{"title":"Public Perceptions of MSW Management in Wrocław City, Poland","authors":"Anas Zyadin, K. Natarajan, S. Kuittinen, Tanja Kähkönen, B. Igliński, M. Dąbrowska, Maxim Trishkin, A. Pappinen","doi":"10.4236/jsbs.2020.101002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jsbs.2020.101002","url":null,"abstract":"Elevating public awareness of waste management at the household level is \u0000a cost effective and a win-win social, economic and environmental approach on \u0000the table of policymaking. Modern and effective waste management bring about \u0000broader economic efficiency and social equity, mitigate consumerism, thus, \u0000promoting the conservation of natural resources. In this article, a survey study \u0000was conducted among the citizens of Wroclaw city, Poland. The city is dynamic, \u0000touristic, and industrial. Through random sampling, 160 respondents filled in the \u0000questionnaire. The results revealed that the participants appeared aware of the \u0000benefits of waste management (WM); however \u0000the current WM systems and infrastructures are not very satisfying. The \u0000participants identified several shortcomings in the current WM systems such as \u0000the lack of sufficient colored bins for glass recycling, overfilled bins and \u0000heavy lids, and irregular waste collection system. The study proposes a public-oriented \u0000outreach campaign targeting waste separation and less-waste behaviors as \u0000economically and environmentally beneficial, accompanied by continuous \u0000development of WM regulations and infrastructures and linked it to \u0000waste-to-energy systems and technologies to assist in achieving the long-term \u0000energy and emissions-reduction targets.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42290843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Biomass Cogeneration Technologies: A Review 生物质热电联产技术综述

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2020-01-15 DOI: 10.4236/jsbs.2020.101001

Theleli Abbas, M. Issa, A. Ilinca

引用次数: 25

Comparative Evaluation of Thermogravimetric and Refractive Index Techniques in Determining Biodiesel Yield 热重法和折射率法测定生物柴油收率的比较评价

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2020-01-15 DOI: 10.4236/jsbs.2020.101003

Sirui Li, E. Kwofie, M. Ngadi

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Thermogravimetric and Refractive Index Techniques in Determining Biodiesel Yield","authors":"Sirui Li, E. Kwofie, M. Ngadi","doi":"10.4236/jsbs.2020.101003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jsbs.2020.101003","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel is a clean and renewable resource that consists of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acid, which could be obtained from the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils and animal fats with alcohols and catalysts. Biodiesel yield has typically been determined using expensive and laborious techniques. The attempt of this study was to examine the potential of quantifying the biodiesel conversion in real time using refractive index in transesterification process of canola oil with methanol and KOH. Biodiesel yields at five different mixing intensities and reaction times were measured using a refractometer. The measured results were then compared with analytical data obtained from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) technique over a temperature range of 25℃ - 600℃. Experimental results indicated that the FAME conversions at different mixing intensity and reaction time measured from refractometer correlated well to the relative weight losses from TGA method with R2 = 0.93 (p ≤ 0.05); however, the refractometer may over-estimate the biodiesel yield when the reaction rate was too low. Overall, the refractometer technique is cheaper and easier to manage and could provide a reliable prediction of biodiesel yield in real time.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"30-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43017379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Implementation of National Renewable Energy Obligations at the Regional Level 在区域一级履行国家可再生能源义务

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2019-11-19 DOI: 10.4236/jsbs.2019.94010

M. Laihanen, A. Karhunen, T. Ranta

引用次数: 0

Influence of Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Addition on Bioenergy Production in Microbial Fuel Cells 辣椒对微生物燃料电池生物能量产生的影响

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2019-11-19 DOI: 10.4236/jsbs.2019.94012

Sohyun Chang, Min Jae Shin, Yujin Kim, Sung Jun Jang, S. Moon, Seoyeon Jeong, Richard Shim, F. Shen, Sara Kang, P. Chung

{"title":"Influence of Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Addition on Bioenergy Production in Microbial Fuel Cells","authors":"Sohyun Chang, Min Jae Shin, Yujin Kim, Sung Jun Jang, S. Moon, Seoyeon Jeong, Richard Shim, F. Shen, Sara Kang, P. Chung","doi":"10.4236/jsbs.2019.94012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jsbs.2019.94012","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was performed to evaluate the beneficial effect in the power output of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) through supplementation of dried red pepper (Capsicum annuum) powder into the anodic chamber. Mediator-less H-type MFCs were set up where the anode chamber contained rumen microorganisms as inocula on cellulose (Avicel) and the cathode chamber of phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4), both separated by cation exchange membrane. Electrical power generation in MFC was monitored daily over a 10-day period and the accumulated amounts and components of gaseous byproducts were measured at the end of 10 d operation of MFC. For both groups of MFCs with red pepper and the control, the head space gases collected were methane and CO2, and its volume and composition were similar between treatments. Methane and CO2 produced for 10 d operation were 210.7 and 106.5 mL, respectively, in MFC. The addition of red pepper powder caused an average power density to increase from 24.0 mW/m2 to 39.6 mW/m2 (P 2 for control and bellflower, respectively. This study provides the strong evidence that red pepper (Capsicum annuum) supplementation might modify the anaerobic fermentation characteristics of rumen microorganisms in anode chamber and improve the cellulosic bioenergy production in MFC.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44066193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Enhancement of Power Generation in Microbial Fuel Cells through Supplementation of Platycodon grandiflorum in Doraji Roots 多拉吉根中添加桔梗提高微生物燃料电池发电能力

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2019-11-19 DOI: 10.4236/jsbs.2019.94011

Jungyu Park, Hyun-jin Kim, Dae Kyung Go, P. S. Park, Sang Heon Lee, Min Jung Koh, Jonathan Jo, Dong Hoon Lee, SeungShin Lee, P. Chung

{"title":"Enhancement of Power Generation in Microbial Fuel Cells through Supplementation of Platycodon grandiflorum in Doraji Roots","authors":"Jungyu Park, Hyun-jin Kim, Dae Kyung Go, P. S. Park, Sang Heon Lee, Min Jung Koh, Jonathan Jo, Dong Hoon Lee, SeungShin Lee, P. Chung","doi":"10.4236/jsbs.2019.94011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jsbs.2019.94011","url":null,"abstract":"The current study reports the evidence of enhancement in power generation from cellulosic biomass in microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems by supplementing dried Doraji (Platycodon grandiflorum) roots powder. Mediator-less two chamber H-type MFCs were prepared using rumen fluid as anode inocula to convert finely ground pine tree (Avicel) at 2% (w/v) to electricity. Dried Doraji roots were ground to pass 1 mm sieve and added to the anode of MFC at 0.1% w/v dosage for treatment. MFC power and current across an external resistor were measured daily for 10 d. At the end of incubation on d10, collected gases were measured for total gas volume and analyzed for gas composition on gas chromatography. Supplementation of Doraji roots powder to MFC anode chamber increased power generation and CO2 production. Over the 10d experimental period, power density normalized to anode surface area were between 17.0 and 37.7 with average of 32.5 mW/m2 in Doraji MFCs, and between 16.8 and 19.8 with average of 18.2 mW/m2 in control group. CO2 production increased and methane to CO2 ratio decreased in Doraji root treatment comparing to control group. These observations imply that Doraji root components would inhibit methanogenesis and alter microbial fermentation of cellulose compounds favorable to produce bioenergy efficiently in MFC.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44128438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1