可持续生物质能源系统(英文)最新文献_第5页

Experimental Study of Biogas Production from Cow Dung as an Alternative for Fossil Fuels 牛粪制沼气替代化石燃料的实验研究

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2019-08-07 DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2019.93007

Moutaz Benali, T. Hamad, Y. Hamad

引用次数: 2

Development of Highly Digestible Grain Sorghum Lines Suitable for Efficient Dry-Grind Ethanol Production 适用于高效干磨乙醇生产的高消化性高粱品系的开发

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2019-08-07 DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2019.93008

Joan R. Hernandez, S. Capareda

{"title":"Development of Highly Digestible Grain Sorghum Lines Suitable for Efficient Dry-Grind Ethanol Production","authors":"Joan R. Hernandez, S. Capareda","doi":"10.4236/JSBS.2019.93008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JSBS.2019.93008","url":null,"abstract":"Low-world oil prices but supportive government policies provide growing environmental and energy security support favorable for the bioethanol market. The need to generate large and sustainable supply of biomass to make bioethanol will require the development of crops grown specifically for bioenergy production. Given the existing history of genetic improvement and infrastructure available for sorghum, (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) hybrids will be one of the several species dedicated as energy crop and the subject of this study. Texas A & M University Sorghum Breeding Program has developed hybrid sorghum varieties with high protein digestibility and improved starch digestibility. Most of the previous research on grain sorghum focused on the digestibility of sorghum protein from the nutritional point of view. The aim of the current study was to select best sorghum lines from relatively large and diverse sorghum samples that breeders are currently working with for the development of new low energy input liquefaction, saccharification and fermentation methodologies to produce bioethanol. Limited researches studies report on the performance of sorghum varieties in ethanol fermentation in relation to the protein and starch digestibility of sorghum.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42114430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Prospect of Sustainable Biofuel in Bangladesh: Challenges and Solution 孟加拉国可持续生物燃料的前景:挑战和解决方案

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2019-08-07 DOI: 10.4236/jsbs.2019.93009

Washim Akram, A. Jafor, A. Monem

{"title":"The Prospect of Sustainable Biofuel in Bangladesh: Challenges and Solution","authors":"Washim Akram, A. Jafor, A. Monem","doi":"10.4236/jsbs.2019.93009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jsbs.2019.93009","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to \u0000review the articles corresponding to the potentiality of biodiesel generation \u0000in Bangladesh. Many researchers gave their opinions and results related to \u0000their experiments for producing bio-fuel in Bangladesh. The potentiality of \u0000biofuel from different edible sources like mustard oil, \u0000coconut oil, sesame oil, mosna oil, \u0000soybean oil etc. and different non-edible sources like castor oil, rice bran \u0000oil, Jatropha curcas oil, karanja oil, microalgae oil, rubber seed oil, neem oil, linseed oil etc. are studied here. The properties and the \u0000uses of biofuels in diesel engine and their performances are also reviewed in \u0000this paper. The emission characteristics are reviewed and investigated too. \u0000Moreover, the cost analysis of biofuel compared to the other fuels is inspected \u0000here. All types of research related to biofuel are thoroughly reviewed. The \u0000main and important challenges to use biofuel and their solutions are given by authors in this research article. This \u0000paper presents the scopes of applying technologies to improve the \u0000sustainability of bio-fuel in respect of Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44284987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Energy Efficiency of Briquettes Derived from Three Agricultural Waste’s Charcoal Using Two Organic Binders 用两种有机粘合剂对三种农业废弃物木炭制煤的能效研究

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2019-06-12 DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2019.92006

Pali Kpelou, D. Kongnine, Saboillié Kombate, Essowè Mouzou, K. Napo

{"title":"Energy Efficiency of Briquettes Derived from Three Agricultural Waste’s Charcoal Using Two Organic Binders","authors":"Pali Kpelou, D. Kongnine, Saboillié Kombate, Essowè Mouzou, K. Napo","doi":"10.4236/JSBS.2019.92006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JSBS.2019.92006","url":null,"abstract":"Waste management could contribute significantly to reducing environmental degradation. Studies showed that briquetting provides with or without binder helps to manage wastes as energy fuels. However, the properties of many binders are not investigated extensively. This work investigated the effect of two organic binders’ low rate on energy efficiency of Briquettes produced from charcoals of Tender Coconut Husks (TCH), Palm Kernel Shells (PKS) and Corn Cobs (CC). Bombax Costatum calyx (B) and Cissus Repens barks (C) were used separately as binders to elaborate briquettes. The briquettes were compared based on their energy efficiency parameters with wood charcoal as control. Energy efficiency parameters such as water boiling time (WBT), mass of biomass used (MB), burning rate (BR), temperature rise rate (TR) and maximum temperature in the furnace (Tmax) were measured from each biomass charcoal briquette and wood charcoal combustion. Water boiling test was applied to determine briquettes thermal properties. The results of WBT, BR, TR and Tmax were respectively within the ranges 3.4 - 12.3 min, 2.90 - 7.71 g/min, 4.63°C/s - 16.10°C/s and 623°C - 900°C. Corn Cobs charcoal briquettes with Bombax binder took the shortest time to boil water and also presented a high temperature rise rate and the highest maximum temperature. The lowest burning rates were obtained for Tender coconut husks charcoal briquettes with Cissus binder. They showed good material conservation for bombax bound briquettes. The results of our investigations showed that binders content increasing enhanced the thermomechanical stability and affected negatively the energy efficiency parameters of the studied briquettes.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45963549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Fish Processing and Its Energy Dynamics in Zambia 赞比亚的鱼类加工及其能源动态

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2019-05-24 DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2019.92004

E. Kwofie, E. Ellis, Sven Genschick, M. Ngadi, S. Thilsted

{"title":"Fish Processing and Its Energy Dynamics in Zambia","authors":"E. Kwofie, E. Ellis, Sven Genschick, M. Ngadi, S. Thilsted","doi":"10.4236/JSBS.2019.92004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JSBS.2019.92004","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents field data and results on local fish processing, its energy supply, and consumption in the Northern Province of Zambia. The study also evaluates the impact of processing conditions on fish quality and cost for the different processing systems available in the selected communities. The result shows that fuelwood is the primary source of energy for fish processing used either in a modified three-stone fire (MTSF) system or a recently developed kiln. The charcoal smoking alternative had the least fuel consumption, yet was not considered as the preferred option due to the high cost of the fuel, a smaller quantity of fish processed per batch and longer processing time. The result also revealed that irrespective of the system used, the type of fish being processed and the pre-smoking drying time had a significant impact on the total energy consumption. Overall, the smoking kiln was found to increase the quantity of fish processed by five folds, reduce fuel use by 48% and reduce the overall smoking time per kilogram fish processed by 39%. A relatively higher fish quality was obtained with the use of the smoking kiln in comparison with the MTSF and the charcoal smoking system. The use of the smoking kiln as a fish processing system is recommended because it improves the quality of the fish, can scale up fish processing due to its capacity and reduces energy use with its associated costs.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47032373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a Consolidated Anaerobic Digester and Microbial Fuel Cell to Produce Biomethane and Electricity from Cellulosic Biomass Using Bovine Rumen Microorganisms 利用瘤胃微生物利用纤维素生物质生产生物甲烷和电能的厌氧消化池和微生物燃料电池的研制

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2019-04-16 DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2019.92002

R. Chung, Eunice Y. Kang, Y. Shin, Justin J Park, P. S. Park, Chang Hyun Han, Byungjun Kim, S. Moon, Jooheon Park, P. Chung

{"title":"Development of a Consolidated Anaerobic Digester and Microbial Fuel Cell to Produce Biomethane and Electricity from Cellulosic Biomass Using Bovine Rumen Microorganisms","authors":"R. Chung, Eunice Y. Kang, Y. Shin, Justin J Park, P. S. Park, Chang Hyun Han, Byungjun Kim, S. Moon, Jooheon Park, P. Chung","doi":"10.4236/JSBS.2019.92002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JSBS.2019.92002","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioelectrochemical systems that convert chemical energy contained in organic matter into electrical energy by using the catalytic (metabolic) activity of living microorganisms. Mediator-less two chamber H-type MFCs were constructed in the current study, using dairy digester microbial population as anode inocula to convert finely ground pine tree (Avicel) at 2% (w/v) to electricity. MFCs were placed at 37°C and after the circuit voltage was stabilized on d9, bovine rumen microorganisms cultured anaerobically for 48 hrs in cellulose broth media were added to treatment group of MFC at 1% v/v dosage. MFC power and current across an external resistor were measured daily for 10 d. At the end of incubation on d19 head space gas and anode chamber liquid solutions were collected and analyzed for total gas volume and composition, and volatile fatty acids, respectively. Addition of enriched rumen microorganisms to anaerobic anode chamber increased cellulose digestibility and increased both CO2 and methane production; however, it decreased the methane to CO2 ratio. Over the experimental period, electricity generation was increased with rumen microorganism addition, and power density normalized to anode surface area was 17.6 to 67.2 mW/m2 with average of 36.0 mW/m2 in treatment, while control group had 3.6 to 21.6 (AVE 12.0) mW/m2. These observations imply that biocatalysis in MFCs requires additional cellulolytic activities to utilize structural biomass in bioenergy production.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47752281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Effect of Drying Air Velocity on Drying Kinetics of Tomato Slices in a Forced-Convective Solar Tunnel Dryer 干燥空气速度对强制对流式太阳能隧道干燥机中番茄切片干燥动力学的影响

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2019-04-15 DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2019.92005

Mamouda Moussa Na Abou, S. Madougou, Makinta Boukar

{"title":"Effect of Drying Air Velocity on Drying Kinetics of Tomato Slices in a Forced-Convective Solar Tunnel Dryer","authors":"Mamouda Moussa Na Abou, S. Madougou, Makinta Boukar","doi":"10.4236/JSBS.2019.92005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JSBS.2019.92005","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work is to analyse the extent to which a change in the drying air velocity may affect the drying kinetics of tomato in a forced-convective solar tunnel dryer. 2 m⋅s−1 (V1) and 3 m⋅s−1 (V2) air speeds were applied in similar drying air temperature and humidity conditions. Main drying constants calculated included the drying rate, the drying time and the effective water diffusivity based on the derivative form of the Fick’s second law of diffusion. Henderson and Pabis Model and Page Model were used to describe the drying kinetics of tomato. We found that solar drying of tomato occurred in both constant and falling-rate phases. The Page Model appeared to give a better description of tomato drying in a forced-convective solar tunnel dryer. At t = 800 min, the drying rate was approximately 0.0023 kg of water/kg dry matter when drying air velocity was at 2 m/s. At the same moment, the drying rate was higher than 0.0032 kg of water/kg dry matter when the drying air velocity was 3 m/s. As per the effective water diffusivity, its values changed from 2.918E−09 m2⋅s−1 to 3.921E−09 m2⋅s−1 when drying air velocity was at 2 and 3 m⋅s−1 respectively, which is equivalent to a 25% increase. The experimentations were conducted in Niamey, on the 1st and 5th of January 2019 for V2 and V1 respectively. For both two experiments, the starting time was 9:30 local time.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47111445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Influence of Agitation and Aeration on Single Cell Oil Production by Rhodotorula glutinis from Glycerol 搅拌和曝气对粘红酵母单细胞产油的影响

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2019-04-15 DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2019.92003

T. F. M. Bento, Vitoria Viana, L. Carneiro, J. Silva

{"title":"Influence of Agitation and Aeration on Single Cell Oil Production by Rhodotorula glutinis from Glycerol","authors":"T. F. M. Bento, Vitoria Viana, L. Carneiro, J. Silva","doi":"10.4236/JSBS.2019.92003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JSBS.2019.92003","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis has been assessed with the aim of producing microbial lipids from glycerol under different aeration conditions. For such a purpose, experiments were carried out in shake flasks, under different conditions of agitation (150 to 250 rpm) and aeration (2.5 to 5.0 of flask volume-to-medium volume ratio). Furthermore, their influence on fermentative parameters (lipid and cell concentration, biomass yield; lipid yield; and lipid volumetric productivity) has been investigated using a 22 full factorial design. The statistical analysis has revealed a strong influence of both variables on substrate consumption, lipid accumulation, cell growth and lipid productivity. As a whole, results suggest that higher aeration levels provide greater cell and lipid concentrations, and lipid volumetric productivity. The best results (4.5 g/L of lipids and QP = 0.95 g/L⋅day) were achieved at the highest aeration (5.0 flask volume-to-medium volume ratio) and agitation (250 rpm) levels. Their fatty acid profile showed that oleic acid was produced in greater quantity (53.5%), followed by linoleic acid (18.7%), palmitic acid (6.8%) and stearic acid (9.9%). The microbial oil presented viscosity of 39.3 cP at 50°C and free fatty acid content of 1.93% ± 0.08%. These are significant results and contribute to establishing operational conditions that maximize single-cell oil production from glycerol by Rhodotorula glutinis, i.e. an alternative source as renewable raw material for lipid-based biorefineries.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42227118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Impact of Alternative Raw Materials on the Profitability of a Large-Scale Bio-Coal Pellet Plant in Finland 替代原材料对芬兰大型生物煤球团厂盈利能力的影响

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2019-03-29 DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2019.91001

J. Föhr, R. Kc, K. Karttunen, T. Ranta

{"title":"Impact of Alternative Raw Materials on the Profitability of a Large-Scale Bio-Coal Pellet Plant in Finland","authors":"J. Föhr, R. Kc, K. Karttunen, T. Ranta","doi":"10.4236/JSBS.2019.91001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JSBS.2019.91001","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper was to compare the annual economic impact of a large-scale bio-coal pellet plant by raw material specifically for the Finnish Lakeland region. In this study, the total production volume of the theoretical plant was 200,000 tons per year and the raw wood materials used were birch pulpwood, spruce pulpwood, pine pulpwood, and energy wood. These wood materials were young delimbed wood from early thinnings. The main goal of the paper was to illustrate that the energy content differences of raw wood materials affect the economic profitability of a bio-coal pellet plant at regional level. In this case, wood type also has a regional economic impact, which the pellet plant can influence through its raw wood material choices. The raw material comparison was based on measured data and not computational or literary data alone. The study found that lower solid wood energy densities caused higher relative costs for the total supply chain. A parallel phenomenon occurred with the required gross margin of the pellets, where lower energy content caused higher required gross margin for pellet sales. The gross margin was also sensitivity analyzed at different discount rates from 5% to 20%. At each required discount rate, the highest annual economic impact on the region was found for birch pellets, with values of 36.95 - 42.66 million � Spruce pellets had the smallest annual economic impact, although it had the highest final pellet price in the same cases. The different economic effects were caused by the energy volumes sold.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48014067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Continuous Ethanol Fermentation at Very High Gravity in the Presence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae : A Bifurcation Analysis 酿酒酵母存在下超高浓度乙醇连续发酵的分岔分析

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2018-12-21 DOI: 10.4236/jsbs.2018.84009

Ghanem-Lakhal Abdelghani

引用次数: 2