可持续生物质能源系统(英文)最新文献_第6页

Production of Ethanol from Cassava Peelings Using a Developed Percolation Reactor 利用先进的渗透反应器从木薯皮中生产乙醇

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2018-11-20 DOI: 10.4236/jsbs.2018.84008

T. Femi, Ibitowa Olayinka Ahmed, Ogunsuyi Olayinka Helen, Jagannadh Satyavolu

{"title":"Production of Ethanol from Cassava Peelings Using a Developed Percolation Reactor","authors":"T. Femi, Ibitowa Olayinka Ahmed, Ogunsuyi Olayinka Helen, Jagannadh Satyavolu","doi":"10.4236/jsbs.2018.84008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jsbs.2018.84008","url":null,"abstract":"Bioethanol is an important product in the fuel market obtainable from biomass through fermentation process but direct conversion of cassava peelings to bioethanol as energy by-product is difficult because of its lignocellulosic content. This paper therefore, considers the intermediate route of converting lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugar through acid hydrolysis and consequent ethanol production, in a developed percolation reactor. Cassava tuber consists of the starchy flesh and peelings that can be converted into bioethanol but the main agro-waste from cassava crop, aside from the leaves and stem is the peelings. The level of cultivating of the crop in Nigeria is exceptionally high as practised in other developing nations, yet there is no significant use for its peelings which is generated in thousands of metric tonnes annually. Therefore, apercolation reactor is designed for the thermochemical pre-treatment of the lignocellulosic biomass through hydrolysis process with a view to recovering the reducing sugars for fermentation. The reactor is designed to hold 2 kg of pulverised cassava peelings of 0.5≤ and ≥0.3 mm particle size and circulate 3 L of acid liquor for each hydrolysis run. The reactor comprised of a 0.0261 m3 perforated basket, 1.83 W capacity circulation pump in power rating, and a heating chamber containing 3 kW heater. The reactor is designed to operate within the temperature range of 20°C - 180°C, pressure ≤ 45 Nm−2, and liquor flow rate of 4.33 × 10−4 m3·S−1. The reactor was used to convert 500 g of pulverised cassava peelings to sugar laden hydrolysate that subsequently yielded 118 mL of bioethanol through fermentation process in three replicated experiments. The designed percolation reactor could therefore serve as a veritable tool in converting biomass of lignocellulosic origin to chemical and energy products, reduce wastes and promote cleaner environment.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"107-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42743876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Innovative Consortia of Micro and Macro Fungal Systems: Cellulolytic Enzyme Production from Groundnut Shell Biomass and Supportive Structural Analysis 微观和宏观真菌系统的创新联盟:花生壳生物质纤维素水解酶生产和支持结构分析

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2018-09-05 DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2018.83004

S. Thota, P. Badiya, Y. Guragain, P. Vadlani, M. Pandey, R. Dandamudi, S. Ramamurthy, S. Belliraj

{"title":"Innovative Consortia of Micro and Macro Fungal Systems: Cellulolytic Enzyme Production from Groundnut Shell Biomass and Supportive Structural Analysis","authors":"S. Thota, P. Badiya, Y. Guragain, P. Vadlani, M. Pandey, R. Dandamudi, S. Ramamurthy, S. Belliraj","doi":"10.4236/JSBS.2018.83004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JSBS.2018.83004","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable biomass-derived fuels are essential to meet the blend mandates and the sustainability goals. In our first-to-date study, we investigated individual and synergistic consortia of fungal cultures comprising Pycnoporous sanguineus (PS) in combination with Aspergillus oryzae (AO) and Trichoderma harzianum (TH) for production of cellulolytic enzymes using groundnut shell under solid state and submerged liquid fermentation conditions. The innovative consortia closely align with the microbial ecosystems found in nature; consequently, we anticipate a potent and effective cellulolytic enzyme system, which maximises the breakdown of biomass polymers to sugars. Under ternary combination of cultures, cellulase production was highest at 123.0 ± 1 FPU/gds; β-glucosidase production at 875.6 ± 26.4 IU/g dry substrate (gds); and CMCase at 474.95 ± 45.5 IU/gds. β-glucosidase production was highest on the 2nd day at 987.03 ± 64.2 IU/gds while CMCase peaked at 514.97 ± 21.4 IU/gds on 2nd day for PS, maximum cellulase enzyme production was observed on the 6th day at 192.2 ± 0.96 FPU/gds (AO + PS). Present work showed that synergistic combination of fungal cultures for releasing balanced enzyme activities that can efficiently saccharify biomass, such as groundnut shell to sugars, which can subsequently be fermented to various bioproducts and biomaterial monomers. Elaborate characterization studies of enzyme treated groundnut shell revealed prominent physicochemical changes in the hydrolysate, which indicates the changes in biomass are due to the enzymatic action and the growth effects of the consortia; thereby, leading to promising applications for the microbial fortified biomass.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":"8 1","pages":"47-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47113258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Bioelectricity from Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Organic Solid Wastes and Sewage Sludge Using Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) 微生物燃料电池(MFCs)厌氧共消化有机固体废物和污泥产生的生物电

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2018-09-05 DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2018.83007

Rasel Sheikh, S. Karmaker, Md. Solayman, Jebunnahar Mayna

{"title":"Bioelectricity from Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Organic Solid Wastes and Sewage Sludge Using Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs)","authors":"Rasel Sheikh, S. Karmaker, Md. Solayman, Jebunnahar Mayna","doi":"10.4236/JSBS.2018.83007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JSBS.2018.83007","url":null,"abstract":"Recently microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have been considered as an alternative power generation technique by utilizing organic wastes. In this study, an experiment was carried out to generate bioelectricity from co-digestion of organic waste (kitchen waste) and sewage sludge as a waste management option using microbial fuel cell (MFC) in anaerobic process. A total of five samples with different sludge-waste ratio were used with zinc (Zn) and cupper (Cu) as cell electrodes for the test. The trends of voltage generation were different for each sample in cells such as 350 mV, 263 mV, 416 mV maximum voltage were measured from sample I, II and III respectively. It was observed that the MFC with sewage sludge showed the higher values (around 960 mV) of voltages with time whereas 918 mV obtained with organic waste. Precisely comparing cases with varying the organic waste and sewage sludge ratio helps to find the best bioelectricity generation option. Using MFCs can be appeared as the solution of electricity scarcity along the world as an efficient and eco-friendly manner as well as organic solid waste and sewage sludge management.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":"8 1","pages":"95-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44338873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Innovative Approaches to Energy Provision in Off-Grid Rural Communities—A Case of Botswana 离网农村社区能源供应的创新方法——以博茨瓦纳为例

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2018-09-05 DOI: 10.4236/jsbs.2018.83006

C. Ketlogetswe, J. Gandure

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Oil Producing Potential of a New Isolate—Chlorella lewinii SUB3545914 for Biodiesel Production under Heterotrophic Cultivation 异养培养条件下新分离株lewinii小球藻SUB3545914生产生物柴油的潜力评价

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2018-09-05 DOI: 10.4236/jsbs.2018.83005

I. O. Ogbonna, J. Ogbonna

{"title":"Evaluation of Oil Producing Potential of a New Isolate—Chlorella lewinii SUB3545914 for Biodiesel Production under Heterotrophic Cultivation","authors":"I. O. Ogbonna, J. Ogbonna","doi":"10.4236/jsbs.2018.83005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jsbs.2018.83005","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgae with high oil productivities are most desired in biodiesel production. Chlorella lewinii SUB3545914, was isolated and assessed for its growth rates, lipid productivities and fatty acid profiles under heterotrophic cultivation. The alga was isolated after enrichment in BG-11 medium (pH = 7.3) under a light intensity of approximately 17.5 μE·m-2·s-1 at 30°C ± 2°C. In addition to morphology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and metagenomics were used for isolate identification. The DNA was sequenced and multiple sequence alignment of the BLASTED results revealed 95% similarity to Chlorella lewinii. Maximum growth (3.15 ± 0.06 g·L-1), lipid content (44.0%) and lipid volumetric productivities (118.80 ± 3.02 mg·L-1·day-1) in glucose supplemented media were more appreciable in comparison with the glycerol counterparts. Similarly, the highest growth (2.03 ± 0.68 g·L-1), lipid content (31.47%) and lipid productivities (47.21 ± 2.08 mg·L-1·day-1) in glycerol supplemented media were more than those got under autotrophic cultivation. Chlorophyll contents did not vary remarkably in heterotrophic cultures. The major fatty acids obtained by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) were oleic and Octadecanoic acids for all the culture conditions. Chlorella lewinii is appropriate for accumulating lipids for biodiesel under heterotrophic cultivation on glucose because of high lipid volumetric productivities.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"67-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45640712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Cellulolytic Bacteria R. albus for Improving the Efficiency of Microbial Fuel Cell 纤维素水解菌对提高微生物燃料电池效率的研究

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2018-06-15 DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2018.82003

R. Chung, Diane J. Moon, Yoo Na Chang, David S. Chung, Taekwon Kong, Justin Kim

{"title":"The Cellulolytic Bacteria R. albus for Improving the Efficiency of Microbial Fuel Cell","authors":"R. Chung, Diane J. Moon, Yoo Na Chang, David S. Chung, Taekwon Kong, Justin Kim","doi":"10.4236/JSBS.2018.82003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JSBS.2018.82003","url":null,"abstract":"The current study has been undertaken to examine the beneficial effect in the power output of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) by adding cellulolytic bacteria Ruminococcus albus (R. albus) into the anodic chamber. Mediator-less H-type MFCs were set up where the anode chamber contained anaerobic digester microorganisms as inocula on finely ground pine tree (Avicel) at 2% (w/v) and the cathode chamber of 10mM phosphate buffered saline conductive solution, both separated by a cation exchange membrane. The functioning of the MFCs for generation of electrical power and the amounts of gaseous byproducts was monitored over a 9-day period. The addition of cellulolytic bacteria caused an increase of average power density from 7.9 m W/m2 to19.5 m W/m2, about 245% increase over a 9-day period. For both groups of MFCs; with R. albus and the control, the head space gases collected were methane and CO2. While the methane: CO2 ratios were found unchanged at 1.7:1 throughout the 9 days of operation, the total gas production increased from 248 mL to 319 mL due to the presence of R. albus addition. This study confirms that whereas the biocatalytic activity of anode microbial population determines the energy production, the addition of external cellulolytic bacteria into anode microbial population can improve and extend the biomass utilization.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"36-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48725522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Development and Optimisation of Drying Parameters for Low-Cost Hybrid Solar Dryer Using Response Surface Method 基于响应面法的低成本混合太阳能干燥机干燥参数开发与优化

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2018-06-15 DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2018.82002

A. Adefemi, D. Ilesanmi

引用次数: 2

Phenotyping Winter Dormancy in Switchgrass to Extend the Growing Season and Improve Biomass Yield 柳枝稷冬休眠表型分析延长生长季节和提高生物量产量

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2018-03-28 DOI: 10.4236/jsbs.2018.81001

R. Razar, A. Missaoui

{"title":"Phenotyping Winter Dormancy in Switchgrass to Extend the Growing Season and Improve Biomass Yield","authors":"R. Razar, A. Missaoui","doi":"10.4236/jsbs.2018.81001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jsbs.2018.81001","url":null,"abstract":"Switchgrass is a prominent bioenergy crop. Like most perennial warm season species, switchgrass undergoes growth suspension in winter as a surviving strategy in temperate climates to protect their meristems from cold injuries and dehydration, while storage organs below ground drive spring regrowth when conditions become favourable. In this paper, we describe a reliable phenotyping method for winter dormancy in switchgrass using various traits including regrowth height after clipping in early fall (FRH), senescence percentage, date of spring regrowth (SRD), and flowering date (FD). FRH and senescence percentage appear to be reliable indicators of the onset of winter dormancy, whereby accessions that initiated dormancy early have a low FRH and a high senescence percentage. Even though it is difficult to have an exact assessment of the duration of dormancy because it is hard to determine with precision the date of growth suspension, SRD can be used as a surrogate indicator of the duration. Flowering date showed low correlations with all the traits and biomass yield suggesting that it may not be a reliable indicator for winter dormancy in switchgrass. Combining the variables FRH, senescence, and SRD in a selection index may provide a reliable tool to phenotype winter dormancy in switchgrass. The strong correlation of these variables with biomass yield makes them useful candidates for the manipulation of the duration of dormancy to increase the growing season and consequently improving biomass production. In southern regions with mild winters, it might be possible through intense selection to develop germplasm with much reduced dormancy or even non-dormant switchgrass germplasm.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47247524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

The Effectiveness of Animal Dungs and Leaf Mold for Bioelectricity Generation Using Microbial Fuel Cell with Soils 动物粪便和叶霉用于微生物燃料电池与土壤结合发电的效果

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2017-11-09 DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2017.74012

Tun Ahmad Gazali, M. Moqsud

引用次数: 7

Effect of Soaking Pre-Treatment on Reactive Extraction/ in situ Transesterification of Nannochloropsis occulata for Biodiesel Production 浸泡预处理对纳米绿藻反应性提取/原位酯交换制备生物柴油的影响

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2017-10-23 DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2017.74011

K. A. Salam, S. Velasquez-Orta, A. Harvey

{"title":"Effect of Soaking Pre-Treatment on Reactive Extraction/ in situ Transesterification of Nannochloropsis occulata for Biodiesel Production","authors":"K. A. Salam, S. Velasquez-Orta, A. Harvey","doi":"10.4236/JSBS.2017.74011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JSBS.2017.74011","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgal phospholipid bilayer contributes to the molar excesses of methanol and high acid concentration required in reactive extraction to achieve high fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield. This study reports an investigation into the effects of pre-soaking Nannochloropsis occulata in methanol at 600:1 and 1000:1 methanol to oil molar ratios prior to acid-catalyzed in situ transesterification at 8.5:1 and 15:1 H2SO4 to oil molar ratios on the FAME yield. The results showed that the pre-soaked Nannochloropsis occulata produced a higher FAME yield at the two tested methanol to oil molar ratios and acid concentrations than the un-soaked, resulting in a reduction in methanol volume and acid concentration. A maximum FAME yield of 98.4% ± 1.3% was obtained for the pre-soaked Nannochloropsis occulata at 1000:1 methanol to oil molar ratio and 15:1 H2SO4 to oil molar ratio. Both the phosphorus mass balance and conversion of the isolated phospholipids into FAME revealed that pre-soaking solubilizes the phospholipid bilayer to some degree, and contributes to an increased FAME yield.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":"07 1","pages":"149-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43332708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1