Acta paediatrica Taiwanica = Taiwan er ke yi xue hui za zhi最新文献

{"title":"Eicosanoids in asthma.","authors":"Kong-Sang Wan,&nbsp;Wei-Fong Wu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eicosanoids belong to a diverse family of bioactive fatty acids that play important roles in regulating airway inflammation and reactivity. They are the key mediators of the pathobiology of asthma. Among the eicosanoids, lipoxins (LXs) were the first agents to be identified and recognized as potential anti-inflammatory endogenous lipid mediators. Lipoxins are biosynthesized in vivo at inflammation sites. They result mainly from the interaction between 5 and 15-lipoxygenases (LOs), which are distinct from leukotrienes (LTs) and prostaglandins (PGs) in structure and function. Leukotrienes are potent proinflammatory mediators and directly and indirectly stimulate fibroblast chemotaxis, proliferation, and collagen synthesis. Prostaglandins have both bronchoconstrictive and bronchoprotective effects and the bronchoconstriction mediated by PGD2 and PGF2alpha is only occurred in asthmatic patients but not in healthy subjects. Lipoxins counter-regulate the proinflammatory actions of LTs and activate resolution of the inflammatory response. At least two classes of receptors, CysLT1 receptors and Asprin-triggered lipoxin A4 (ALX) receptors, can interact with lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and LXA4 analogs to mediate their biologic actions. Allergen challenge initiates airway biosynthesis of LXA4 and increases expression of its receptor. In addition, LXA4 affects the release of interleukin-8 by blood mononuclear cells, and ALX affects calcium influx into epithelial cells. Therefore, the pivotal role of LXs is mediating airway homeostasis, and LXs may be part of a novel, multipronged approach for treating human asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":7156,"journal":{"name":"Acta paediatrica Taiwanica = Taiwan er ke yi xue hui za zhi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27405679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrapleural streptokinase for the treatment of childhood empyema.","authors":"M. Ho, Hsiang-Yin Chen, Y. Yen, Yao-Shun Yang, S. Lien","doi":"10.7097/APT.200710.0251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7097/APT.200710.0251","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Pleuritis with empyema is a serious complication of bacterial pneumonia, which often causes substantial morbidity and mortality among pediatric patients. Currently percutaneous catheter drainage is the mainstay therapy for loculated empyema. Intrapleural instillation of streptokinase, urokinase, and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator has been reported to facilitate the drainage of viscous fluid and fibrinous debris or multiple loculations from the pleural space of such patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000In this study, we compared with the treatments of pleural empyema by instillation of streptokinase through the chest tube and using the conventional chest tube drainage alone.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000We collected 21 cases from 1999 through 2005. The results of the study showed that streptokinase (SK) group patients revealed a larger volume of drainage in the beginning days of the instillation and required fewer days of drainage than tube drainage (T) group patients [8 (4.5 - 10) days vs. 16 (5.8 - 20.3) days, p = 0.02]; that the SK group patients required average 2.6 instillations. The SK patients had a shorter febrile course than the T group [12.5 (9.5 - 15.5) days vs. 16 (9.5 - 22.5) days, p = 0.14]. None of the SK patients needed additional video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) whereas 5 patients in the T group did. The length of hospitalization in the SK group was 21.5 days and the T group patients was 24 days.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Intrapleural instillation of streptokinase seldom caused clinical adverse effect and appears to be a safe adjunctive therapy to facilitate the drainage of empyema in pediatric patients. Further studies with better research design to compare the fibrinolytic agent instillation and the VATS as the first step treatment of childhood empyema are needed.","PeriodicalId":7156,"journal":{"name":"Acta paediatrica Taiwanica = Taiwan er ke yi xue hui za zhi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79781231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trisomy 18 with multiple rare malformations: report of one case.","authors":"P. Su, Jia-yuh Chen, Chih-Hao Hsu, Suh-Jen Chen, Si-Wa Chan, Li-Ling Lin","doi":"10.7097/APT.200710.0272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7097/APT.200710.0272","url":null,"abstract":"Trisomy 18 syndrome is the second most common multiple malformation syndrome. The incidence is about 0.3 per 100 newborn babies. More than 130 different abnormalities have been noted in the literature on patients with the trisomy 18 syndrome. Trisomy 18 includes a broad spectrum of anomalies and malformations, among which we found Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) rarely mentioned. DWM is estimated to occur in approximately 1 in 25,000 to 30,000 live births. The major components of DWM are the following: partial or complete absence of the cerebellar vermis, a posterior fossa cyst continuous with the fourth ventricle, and hydrocephalus. Although DWM has been associated with many chromosomal abnormalities and genetic syndromes in live birth, trisomy 18 with DWM is a rare condition. Here we present a female newborn with intrauterine growth retardation and multiple congenital abnormalities including: craniofacial anomaly, tracheoesophageal fistula, esophageal atresia, absent radius and thumb, short ulna, clenched hands, ventricular septal defect, coarctation of the aorta, patent ductus arteriosus, Meckel's diverticulum, ectopic pancreas in the ileum, and DWM. Her chromosome karyotype was 47,XX,+18. This is a case of Trisomy 18 with multiple rare malformations.","PeriodicalId":7156,"journal":{"name":"Acta paediatrica Taiwanica = Taiwan er ke yi xue hui za zhi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87247516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endothelial dysfunction links cardiovascular disease to pediatric chronic kidney disease: the role of nitric oxide deficiency.","authors":"Y. Tain","doi":"10.7097/APT.200710.0246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7097/APT.200710.0246","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both types of traditional and CKD-related risk factors for CVD are prevalent in children with CKD. Many of these factors are associated with endothelial dysfunction (ED) and nitric oxide (NO) deficiency. ED with NO deficiency is both a cause and consequence of CKD. Hence, ED links CVD to pediatric CKD because ED plays a major role in the development of CVD. This review discusses how the risk factors for CVD contribute to ED and NO deficiency, leading to CVD in pediatric CKD. With early detection of ED by new non-invasive methods and restoration of NO bioavailability through different therapeutic approaches, the morbidity and mortality of CVD in pediatric CKD patients can be reduced.","PeriodicalId":7156,"journal":{"name":"Acta paediatrica Taiwanica = Taiwan er ke yi xue hui za zhi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86895180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prednisolone oral solution plus inhaled procaterol for acute asthma in children: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Li-Hsin Huang, S. Shyur, D. Wen, Yi-Chi Chang, Yi-Chun Ma, Sheng-Chieh Lin, Wen-Chiu Wu, Jiunn-Yi Wu","doi":"10.7097/APT.200710.0257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7097/APT.200710.0257","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000To evaluate the efficacy of prednisolone sodium phosphate oral solution plus inhaled procaterol in the treatment of acute asthma in children.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Forty-three patients aged 6 to 12 years with an acute exacerbation of asthma were double-blind randomized into one of two treatment groups in a 1:1 ratio:1) prednisolone oral solution +placebo tablets + procaterol MDI or 2) prednisolone tablets +placebo oral solution + procaterol MDI, all given three times daily for 7 days. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), 24-hour reflective asthma symptom scores, spirometry and pulmonary index score (PIS) were recorded before and after treatment. Net changes in PEFR, symptom score, PIS, Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75 percent of the forced vital capacity (FEF(25-75%)) (before and after treatment) and global assessment by the investigator and the subjects or their parents were analyzed.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The two groups were statistically similar at baseline values of these parameters. After a 7-day course of treatment, the net change of PEFR before and after treatment was significantly improved in both groups, but there was no significant difference in the net change of PEFR between the two groups (57.27+/-31.44 L/min vs. 54.29 +/-30.04 L/min, difference 2.99 +/-30.76 L/min, mean +/-SD, P=0.752). The net change in PIS and total symptom score did not differ between the two groups (P=0.091 and 0.827, respectively). Similarly, the FEV1, FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75% all improved with either treatment, and neither group was significantly superior to the other group (P=0.162, 0.48 and 0.081, respectively). Global assessment by the investigator and the subjects or their parents at the end of study indicated an essentially comparable result.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Prednisolone sodium phosphate oral solution plus inhaled procaterol is as efficacious as prednisolone tablets plus inhaled procaterol in the management of acute asthma in children.","PeriodicalId":7156,"journal":{"name":"Acta paediatrica Taiwanica = Taiwan er ke yi xue hui za zhi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91467471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intussusception in children.","authors":"Hung-Chang Lee","doi":"10.7097/APT.200710.0243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7097/APT.200710.0243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7156,"journal":{"name":"Acta paediatrica Taiwanica = Taiwan er ke yi xue hui za zhi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89131171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pheochromocytoma complicated with severe ventricular tachycardia: report of one case.","authors":"Yu-Chih Huang, Chao‐Hsiang Chang, C. Wang, Jeng‐Sheng Chang","doi":"10.7097/APT.200710.0280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7097/APT.200710.0280","url":null,"abstract":"Pheochromocytoma in children shows much worse complications than that in the adult patients. An 11-year-old girl was transferred to our emergency room after suffering from headache, dizziness, cold sweating and palpitation for 3 days. Severe hypertension, remarkable blood pressure fluctuation between 260/160 and 65/50 mmHg, decrease of cardiac contractility, as well as abnormal electrocardiogram findings including ST-T segment elevation and QT interval prolongation were noted soon after admission. Later, a 4x4.5x2.5 cm tumor in the right adrenal gland area was found by computed axial tomogram study. Assessment of the urine catecholamine metabolites showed high levels of vanillylmandelic acid, normetanephrine and norepinephrine indicating an active adrenal pheochromocytoma produced mainly norepinephrine. Although several antihypertensive drugs were used, ventricular tachycardia and Torsade de pointe still occurred on her for 3 times, each was preceded by a period of blood pressure fluctuation and burst out concomitantly at the peak of a hypertension crisis. From this case, we found that when the specific alpha-blocker like phenoxybenzamine or phentolamine was not available to us, labetalol by continuous intravenous infusion was the only effective drug to protect the patient from attacks of hypertensive crisis and ventricular tachycardia. Her right adrenal gland was resected smoothly when BP was well under control. Histological examination showed the adrenal medulla was full of pheochromocytoma cells.","PeriodicalId":7156,"journal":{"name":"Acta paediatrica Taiwanica = Taiwan er ke yi xue hui za zhi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87516532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.","authors":"Kuan-Sheng Wu, C. Hsiao, Hong-Ren Yu, E. Huang, Wanqi Mai, J. Sheen","doi":"10.7097/APT.200710.0263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7097/APT.200710.0263","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Several studies showed some chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients with complete platelet recovery after Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication and cited the cause of persistent thrombocytopenia as inability to eradicate H. pylori. So we studied H. pylori infection status in pediatric ITP patients at diagnosis and address whether such infection played a role in the development of childhood ITP.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000We compared H. pylori infection status by stool H. pylori antigen test of an ITP group including 32 childhood ITP patients at diagnosis from September 2004 to June 2006 and a control group including 30 unselected patients with no history of thrombocytopenia seen consecutively with clinical manifestations of pharyngotonsillitis, bronchitis, or bronchopneumonia in our ward during a one-month span. We further analyzed parameters between H. pylori infection-positive (H. pylori(+)) and H. pylori infection-negative (H. pylori(-)) childhood ITP patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The H. pylori-positive (H. pylori(+)) rate was 19% in the study group and 17% in the control group, with not statistically significant difference. As for the characteristics and treatment response about H. pylori status, they were also not statistically different. Although the ratio of chronic ITP cases showed higher tendency in H. pylori(+) patients (2/6) than the H. pylori(-) ones (3/26), it was not statistically significant.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000It seems that H. pylori infection played a minor role in the development of childhood ITP in this small-scale study. A large-scale study is necessary to further confirm the relationship between H. pylori infection and the development of childhood ITP.","PeriodicalId":7156,"journal":{"name":"Acta paediatrica Taiwanica = Taiwan er ke yi xue hui za zhi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83155895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trisomy 18 with multiple rare malformations: report of one case.","authors":"Pen-Hua Su,&nbsp;Jia-Yuh Chen,&nbsp;Chih-Hao Hsu,&nbsp;Suh-Jen Chen,&nbsp;Si-Wa Chan,&nbsp;Li-Ling Lin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trisomy 18 syndrome is the second most common multiple malformation syndrome. The incidence is about 0.3 per 100 newborn babies. More than 130 different abnormalities have been noted in the literature on patients with the trisomy 18 syndrome. Trisomy 18 includes a broad spectrum of anomalies and malformations, among which we found Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) rarely mentioned. DWM is estimated to occur in approximately 1 in 25,000 to 30,000 live births. The major components of DWM are the following: partial or complete absence of the cerebellar vermis, a posterior fossa cyst continuous with the fourth ventricle, and hydrocephalus. Although DWM has been associated with many chromosomal abnormalities and genetic syndromes in live birth, trisomy 18 with DWM is a rare condition. Here we present a female newborn with intrauterine growth retardation and multiple congenital abnormalities including: craniofacial anomaly, tracheoesophageal fistula, esophageal atresia, absent radius and thumb, short ulna, clenched hands, ventricular septal defect, coarctation of the aorta, patent ductus arteriosus, Meckel's diverticulum, ectopic pancreas in the ileum, and DWM. Her chromosome karyotype was 47,XX,+18. This is a case of Trisomy 18 with multiple rare malformations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7156,"journal":{"name":"Acta paediatrica Taiwanica = Taiwan er ke yi xue hui za zhi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27247773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcatheter therapy of Budd-Chiari syndrome in a child after liver transplantation: report of one case.","authors":"Chi-Lin Ho,&nbsp;Yun-Ching Fu,&nbsp;Chieh-Chung Lin,&nbsp;Shao-Bin Cheng,&nbsp;Sheng-Ling Jan,&nbsp;Ming-Chih Lin,&nbsp;Ching-Shiang Chi,&nbsp;Betau Hwang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Budd-Chiari syndrome is a rare, heterogenous and potentially lethal condition due to hepatic venous outflow obstruction. Classic triads include hepatomegaly, ascites and abdominal pain. Most cases are caused by abnormal coagulopathy, infection, inflammation or tumor invasion. Status post liver transplantation was rarely mentioned in the pediatric group. Here we report a case of 4-year-old girl with biliary atresia status post living donor liver transplantation. Marked ascites developed 2 months later and Budd-Chiari syndrome was diagnosed. Cardiac catheterization showed significant stenoses of the hepatic vein and inferior vena cava. Initial balloon angioplasty of inferior vena cava only resulted in mild improvement. After successful balloon angioplasty of the hepatic vein stenosis, the stenosis of the inferior vena cava improved significantly. The ascites resolved soon, and no more happened up to 8 months' follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":7156,"journal":{"name":"Acta paediatrica Taiwanica = Taiwan er ke yi xue hui za zhi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27247774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}