Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences最新文献_第5页

Dr Association of bone morphogenetic protein 15 and growth differentiation factor 9 with litter size in livestock: a review study 家畜骨形态发生蛋白15和生长分化因子9与产仔数关系的研究综述

Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v45i1.57927

Majeed Ajafar, A. H. Kadhim, T. Al-Thuwaini, M. Al-Shuhaib, T. Hussein

{"title":"Dr Association of bone morphogenetic protein 15 and growth differentiation factor 9 with litter size in livestock: a review study","authors":"Majeed Ajafar, A. H. Kadhim, T. Al-Thuwaini, M. Al-Shuhaib, T. Hussein","doi":"10.4025/actascianimsci.v45i1.57927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v45i1.57927","url":null,"abstract":". Litter size is one of the crucial factors in livestock production and is of high economic value, which is affected by ovulation rate, hormones, and growth factors. Growth factors play a multifaceted role in reproductive physiology. This review aims to investigate the association of bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) with litter size in livestock. The transforming growth factor β (TGF- β) superfamily includes more than 34 members; GDF9 and BMP15 are among the most significant factors for regulating fertility and litter size in most livestock species. Ovarian follicles release BMP15 and GDF9 that are involved in the maturation of primary follicles into the basal form, proliferation of granulosa and theca cells, steroidogenesis, ovulation, and formation of the corpus luteum. Besides, these factors are highly expressed in oocytes and are necessary for female fertility and multiple ovulation in several livestock species. Animals with two inactive copies of these factors are sterile, while those with one inactive copy are fertile. Thus, the present review provides valuable information on the association of BMP15 and GDF9 with litter size in livestock that can be used as biological markers of multiple ovulation or for improving fertility in livestock.","PeriodicalId":7149,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82772605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Nutrient compositional variation and interrelationship in the muscle of wild and plastic-reared brachyuran 野生和塑料养殖短爪鱼肌肉中营养成分的变化及其相互关系

Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v45i1.57882

R. Moruf

{"title":"Nutrient compositional variation and interrelationship in the muscle of wild and plastic-reared brachyuran","authors":"R. Moruf","doi":"10.4025/actascianimsci.v45i1.57882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v45i1.57882","url":null,"abstract":"Edible brachyurans are recognized as a popular source of food due to their delicious taste and nutritional quality. This study investigated the nutrient compositional variation and interrelationship in the muscle of wild and plastic-reared Cardisoma armatum. The plastic-reared crab had 27.81 ± 2.29 g 100 g-1 protein while crab from the wild contained 22.45 ± 2.65 g 100 g-1 protein. The difference in protein content of plastic-reared and its counterpart from the mangrove swamp was not significantly different (p > 0.05). This is also true of other proximate composition except that wild crabs were slightly higher in both crude fat (2.68 ± 0.35 g 100 g-1) and carbohydrate (5.89 ± 3.05 g 100 g-1). Generally, the total energy contributed due to protein, carbohydrate and fat in the tissues of both wild and plastic-reared C. armatum are similar. In the wild crab, contents of calcium (16083.27 ± 2127.90 mg 100 g-1) and phosphorus (1191.42 ± 199.21) were relatively higher, while contents of magnesium (368.69 ± 111.05 mg 100 g-1), sodium (125.30 ± 11.18 mg 100 g-1) and potassium (87.36 ± 7.27 mg 100 g-1) were relatively higher in plastic-reared crabs. All significant mineral ratios in wild and plastic-reared C. amartum fall within acceptable range. The positive relationship in the nutritional quality indicates that changes in proximate composition are associated with changes in mineral contents of the crab tissue.","PeriodicalId":7149,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89647199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quality of refrigerated raw milk according to the bulk transport conditions 冷藏原料奶的质量根据散装运输条件而定

Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v45i1.58353

N. C. Felipus, S. A. B. Bajaluk, A. Thaler Neto, Deise Aline Knob, D. R. M. Alessio

{"title":"Quality of refrigerated raw milk according to the bulk transport conditions","authors":"N. C. Felipus, S. A. B. Bajaluk, A. Thaler Neto, Deise Aline Knob, D. R. M. Alessio","doi":"10.4025/actascianimsci.v45i1.58353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v45i1.58353","url":null,"abstract":"Technical regulations that determine milk quality standards in Brazil establish the minimum criteria that the processing industry's raw material must present. These rules can challenge the logistics sector (transport) to maintain adequate milk conservation levels. We aimed to evaluate the influence of bulk transport and storage conditions on refrigerated raw milk quality. The experiment was carried out in a dairy industry in Santa Catarina State. Information and samples of refrigerated raw milk were collected from dairy farms, from isothermal compartments of milk trucks, and from the industry's storage silo. These samples were submitted to microbiological analysis, somatic cell count (SCC), and physicochemical analysis. The results were evaluated by ANOVA and multivariate analysis (factor analysis). The transport of raw milk in bulk and the transfer of raw material to the industrial silo worsened the milk's microbiological quality (p < 0.0001) for standard plate count (SPC) and psychrotrophic microorganism count (PMC), without affecting, the physicochemical characteristics of the milk (p > 0.05). Poor hygienic conditions in milk storage rooms, in the refrigeration bulk tanks of the dairy farms, and during the transport, as well as the transport on longer routes, were related to higher SPC and psychrotrophic count while receiving milk by the dairy industry with higher temperatures was only associated with higher SPC.","PeriodicalId":7149,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80750835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Toxicological evaluation of different pesticides in Tetragonisca angustula Latreille (Hymenoptera, Apidae) 不同农药对小叶蜂的毒理学评价(膜翅目，蜂科)

Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v45i1.58412

Ana Lúcia Paz Barateiro Stuchi, D. R. Moreira, A. A. Sinópolis-Gigliolli, Douglas Galhardo, J. Falco, Vagner de Alencar Arnaut de Toledo, M. Ruvolo-Takasusuki

{"title":"Toxicological evaluation of different pesticides in Tetragonisca angustula Latreille (Hymenoptera, Apidae)","authors":"Ana Lúcia Paz Barateiro Stuchi, D. R. Moreira, A. A. Sinópolis-Gigliolli, Douglas Galhardo, J. Falco, Vagner de Alencar Arnaut de Toledo, M. Ruvolo-Takasusuki","doi":"10.4025/actascianimsci.v45i1.58412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v45i1.58412","url":null,"abstract":"The stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula is an important pollinator of different agricultural and native crops. This study evaluated changes in the relative activity of esterases and critical electrolyte concentration in brain cells after exposure to pesticides malathion and thiamethoxam. Lethal concentration 50% showed greater toxicity of thiamethoxam in relation to malathion. Esterases EST-3 and EST-4 (carboxylesterase) were partially inhibited after contamination by contact and ingestion of malathion and contamination by contact with thiamethoxam, suggesting participation of these esterases in the metabolization of these compounds. The lowest critical electrolyte concentration (CEC) was found after contamination by malathion ingestion (0.15 M), indicating changes in gene expression. The alterations observed in the intensity of EST-3 and EST-4 and the chromatin structure indicate that pesticides can act in gene expression and be used as biomarkers of contaminant residues. Furthermore, knowing the susceptibility of T. angustula bees to pesticides, it would be possible to use this species for biomonitoring environmental quality in preserved areas and agroecosystems.","PeriodicalId":7149,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90244530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Glyphosate in oat desiccation for haylage harvest at different wilting times 草甘膦在不同干燥时间燕麦干燥收获中的应用

Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v45i1.58323

E. H. Horst, M. Neumann, Murilo Klosovski Carneiro, C. Czelusniak, A. V. I. Bueno, B. Venancio, Marianne Seller, P. Cesar

引用次数: 0

Performance and carcass characteristics of Santa Inês lambs fed different protein sources 不同蛋白质来源对圣诞老人Inês羔羊生产性能及胴体特性的影响

Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.57352

Tiago G. P. Araújo, D. A. Furtado, J. Miranda, C. Marques, Ana Cristina Chacon Lisboa, Alberto Suassuna, A. N. Medeiros

{"title":"Performance and carcass characteristics of Santa Inês lambs fed different protein sources","authors":"Tiago G. P. Araújo, D. A. Furtado, J. Miranda, C. Marques, Ana Cristina Chacon Lisboa, Alberto Suassuna, A. N. Medeiros","doi":"10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.57352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.57352","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance and carcass characteristics of confined Santa Inês sheep, fed different diets, in a Semiarid environment. Twenty whole sheep with 5 ± 0.5 months of age and 27 ± 2.0 kg were used, receiving two different diets for 72 experimental days, one composed of defatted soybean meal and the other of protein-enriched cactus meal. They were evaluated for different diets, consumption, production, carcass characteristics, morphometric measures and edible components. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with two treatments and 10 replications. Performance data and carcass characteristics were evaluated by analysis of variance and means compared by t test at 5% probability level using Statistical Analysis System [SAS]® (1999). Thus, the use of emulsified palm forage protein in the feeding of Santa Inês male lambs proved to be an excellent protein source when compared to the use of defatted soybean meal, since the results of performance and carcass characteristics were similar, being the use of this alternative source advised as it presents the best benefit-cost ratio.","PeriodicalId":7149,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74977908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of dietary fiber on performance and egg quality of laying hens at pre-laying and laying peak 饲粮纤维对产蛋前期和产蛋高峰期蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.57534

P. D. Andrade, Marco Antonio de Freitas Mendonça, F. Cruz, João Paulo Ferreira Rufino, Fernanda Moura Fernandes Silva, Lucas de Almeida Reis

{"title":"Effects of dietary fiber on performance and egg quality of laying hens at pre-laying and laying peak","authors":"P. D. Andrade, Marco Antonio de Freitas Mendonça, F. Cruz, João Paulo Ferreira Rufino, Fernanda Moura Fernandes Silva, Lucas de Almeida Reis","doi":"10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.57534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.57534","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of dietary fiber on the performance and egg quality of laying hens at pre-laying and laying peak periods. The experimental period was divided into three periods: pre-laying (16 to 19 weeks of age), the start of laying (20 to 22 weeks of age) and laying peak (23 to 28 weeks of age). The experimental design was completely randomized with treatments constituted by five levels of fiber (2.00, 2.50, 3.00, 3.50, and 4.00%) in the diets, with five replicates (pens) of six birds each, totalling 180 hens. Performance and egg quality results were evaluated by polynomial regression at 5%. Fiber levels were not influenced (p >0.05) the first laying of the hens. However, levels above 2.50% of fiber provided worst (p <0.05) performance results, regardless of the period evaluated. Shortly after the start of laying, higher levels of fiber also caused a linear reduction (p <0.05) on egg weight and percentages of yolk and albumen, and an increase (p <0.05) on eggshells. Higher fiber levels caused a linear reduction (p <0.05) in the quality of the eggs, regardless of the period evaluated. It was concluded that the fiber levels did not influence the start period of the laying. Both pre-laying and start of the laying, levels above 2.5% of fiber caused a gradual worsening in performance. From the start of laying up to laying peak, levels above 2.5% of fiber also caused a gradual worsening in egg quality.","PeriodicalId":7149,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90841621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reproductive behavior of Pantaneiros sheep, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil 巴西南马托格罗索州Pantaneiros羊的繁殖行为

Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.57518

C. Martins, Arnaldo Santiago Filho, M. B. Ferreira, C. Fernandes, A. C. D. Monreal, C. G. Souza, R. Chagas, F. M. V. Vargas Junior

{"title":"Reproductive behavior of Pantaneiros sheep, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil","authors":"C. Martins, Arnaldo Santiago Filho, M. B. Ferreira, C. Fernandes, A. C. D. Monreal, C. G. Souza, R. Chagas, F. M. V. Vargas Junior","doi":"10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.57518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.57518","url":null,"abstract":"The objective was to evaluate fertility, cyclicality behavior, and sexual performance of Pantaneiro sheep throughout the year’s photoperiods in Mato Grosso do Sul - Brazil. Two experiments were conducted. In experiment one, the ewes used aged between 2 and 4 years, distributed in three homogeneous groups of 54 animals and subjected to reproductive evaluation in three different predefined luminosity periods, consisting of autumn (11h 45 min.), spring (12h 30 min.), and summer (12h 55 min.). The characteristics studied were body weight (BW), body condition score (BCC), estrus distribution (EST), percentage of pregnant females per cycle (%P), plasma progesterone (PP), and fertility (F) in the three predefined seasons. The mating system used was controlled natural nocturnal and lasted for 45 days. Experiment two, evaluated the ram sexual activity. The males (10) were individually exposed to four ovariectomized ewes. The ewes cycled during evaluated seasons, and the highest fertility was observed in animals with BCC >2.75. The PP concentration differed among periods, and higher conception rates (F) were observed in autumn and spring. The rams (75%) had a medium of sexual performance when they performed more than two ejaculations in 20 min throughout the seasons. Pantaneiro sheep of both genders had a similar fertility index, with early and constant activity throughout the year, displaying no photoperiodism or seasonality.","PeriodicalId":7149,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82056385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strategic diagnosis of a property specialized in breeding, rearing and finishing beef cattle in the southern region of Piauí 对Piauí南部地区一家专门从事肉牛繁育、饲养和肥育的企业进行战略诊断

Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.57545

Rosemeire Pereira da Silva, Artur Henrique Sousa Fernandes, Priscila Teixeira de Souza Carneiro, A. Gurgel, V. Santos

{"title":"Strategic diagnosis of a property specialized in breeding, rearing and finishing beef cattle in the southern region of Piauí","authors":"Rosemeire Pereira da Silva, Artur Henrique Sousa Fernandes, Priscila Teixeira de Souza Carneiro, A. Gurgel, V. Santos","doi":"10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.57545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.57545","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to perform a strategic diagnosis on a property specialized in breeding, rearing and finishing beef cattle in the southern region of Piauí. It was conducted at Agropecuária Alvorada, located in the countryside, municipality of Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil. The farm develops the full cycle of beef cattle production, which is divided into breeding, rearing and finishing. A SWOT analysis (which stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) was carried out, consisting of an assessment of the property’s internal and external environments. To evaluate the internal environment, an interview was held for data collection by means of questionnaires. The evaluation included: breeding management, sanitary management, nutritional management, infrastructure, workforce, technologies used in pasture formation, conservation and recovery, pasture management and zootechnical indices. To analyze the external environment, a group of people (experts) with deep knowledge of the subject addressed during the study was used as source of information. A matrix was generated with all the information from the SWOT analysis, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, culminating with the establishment of strategies to increase the productive efficiency of the cattle raising activity.","PeriodicalId":7149,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84168892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Effect of ageing and MAP on quality of striploin from cattle of Holstein-Friesian breed 老化和MAP对荷斯泰因-弗里西亚品种牛条带蛋白品质的影响

Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.57783

M. Cierach, Błażej Błaszak, G. Gozdecka

{"title":"Effect of ageing and MAP on quality of striploin from cattle of Holstein-Friesian breed","authors":"M. Cierach, Błażej Błaszak, G. Gozdecka","doi":"10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.57783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.57783","url":null,"abstract":"There have been determined the features of m. longissimus lumborum steaks from young cattle-for-fattening of Holstein-Friesian breed, Polish black-and-white variety. There were measured pH values, basic chemical composition and colour parameters. The meat was subjected to moist-ageing for 12 days and, next, stored in modified atmosphere for the following 10 days. The amount of heat loss in relation to the temperature of thermal processing was determined. Texture parameters were studied instrumentally and organoleptically. The studied muscles from young cattle-for-fattening characterised with proper and similar pH values. The average fat content was 4.37%. The surface colour of the studied dorsal muscle was relatively bright, the average value L*=37.97, and on the cross-section L*=32.97. The average value of the muscle surface's ‘redness’ was a*=18.98, whereas cross-section's a*=20.27. The amounts of heat leakages were rising along with the increase of temperature from 11.24 to 37.14%. Ageing and storing in MAP led to a significant decrease in the amounts of heat leakages. Ageing and storing in MAP had a significant influence on decreasing shear force and on increasing the organoleptic evaluation marks of the m. longissimus lumborum after thermal processing, which shows that the muscle may become culinary meat with features accepted by consumers.","PeriodicalId":7149,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77987169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0