生理学报最新文献

{"title":"[Cold stimulation regulates lipid metabolism and the secretion of exosomes from subcutaneous adipose tissue in mice].","authors":"Shuo Ke, Li Xu, Rui-Xue Shi, Jia-Qi Wang, Le Cui, Yuan Ji, Jing Li, Xiao-Hong Jiang","doi":"10.13294/j.aps.2025.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13294/j.aps.2025.0022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cold has been a long-term survival challenge in the evolutionary process of mammals. In response to cold stress, in addition to brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipating energy as heat through glucose and lipid oxidation to maintain body temperature, cold stimulation can strongly activate thermogenesis and energy expenditure in beige fat cells, which are widely distributed in the subcutaneous layer. However, the effects of cold stimulation on other tissues and systemic lipid metabolism remain unclear. Our previous research indicated that, under cold stress, BAT not only produces heat but also secretes numerous exosomes to mediate BAT-liver crosstalk. Whether subcutaneous fat has a similar mechanism is still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the alterations in lipid metabolism across various tissues under cold exposure and to explore whether subcutaneous fat regulates systemic glucose and lipid metabolism via exosomes, thereby elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of lipid metabolism homeostasis under physiological stress. RT-qPCR, Western blot, and H&E staining methods were used to investigate the physiological changes in lipid metabolism in the serum, liver, epididymal white adipose tissue, and subcutaneous fat of mice under cold stimulation. The results revealed that cold exposure significantly enhanced the thermogenic activity of subcutaneous adipose tissue and markedly increased exosome secretion. These exosomes were efficiently taken up by hepatocytes, where they profoundly influenced hepatic lipid metabolism, as evidenced by alterations in the expression levels of key genes involved in lipid synthesis and catabolism pathways. This study has unveiled a novel mechanism by which subcutaneous fat regulates lipid metabolism through exosome secretion under cold stimulation, providing new insights into the systemic regulatory role of beige adipocytes under cold stress and offering a theoretical basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies for obesity and metabolic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":7134,"journal":{"name":"生理学报","volume":"77 2","pages":"231-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143951433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Research progress on the role of SIRT1 in heart failure].","authors":"Yang-Ming Zhang, Mai Lyu, Chen-Yang Wu, Yuan-Xi Chen, Guo-Lan Ma, An-Tao Luo","doi":"10.13294/j.aps.2025.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13294/j.aps.2025.0030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart failure (HF) is a common end-stage clinical manifestation of cardiovascular diseases, imposing substantial health-related burdens worldwide. With its high mortality rates and poor long-term prognosis, there is a pressing need for novel therapies. SIRT1, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺)-dependent deacetylase, has anti-cardiovascular aging properties and other cardioprotective effects, attracting much research attention in recent years. In addition, SIRT1 plays an important role in HF pathophysiology. This review summarized the roles of SIRT1 and its activators in HF, the changes of SIRT1 gene expression in cardiac tissues from animal models and HF patients, and the current status of clinical trials investigating SIRT1 activators as potential therapies for HF. This will provide new ideas for further exploration of pathological mechanisms and the development of clinical prevention strategies for HF.</p>","PeriodicalId":7134,"journal":{"name":"生理学报","volume":"77 2","pages":"361-373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[NAD⁺ metabolism in cardiovascular diseases].","authors":"Zhao-Zhi Wen, Yi-Hang Yang, Dong Liu, Chong-Xu Shi","doi":"10.13294/j.aps.2025.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13294/j.aps.2025.0034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) is a central and pleiotropic metabolite involved in multiple cellular energy metabolism, such as cell signaling, DNA repair, protein modifications, and so on. Evidence suggests that NAD⁺ levels decline with age, obesity, and hypertension, which are all significant CVD risk factors. In addition, the therapeutic elevation of NAD⁺ levels reduces chronic low-grade inflammation, reactivates autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, and enhances antioxidation and metabolism in vascular cells of humans with vascular disorders. In preclinical animal models, NAD⁺ boosting also extends the health span, prevents metabolic syndrome, and decreases blood pressure. Moreover, NAD⁺ storage by genetic, pharmacological, or natural dietary NAD⁺-increasing strategies has recently been shown to be effective in improving the pathophysiology of cardiac and vascular health in different animal models and humans. Here, we discuss NAD⁺-related mechanisms pivotal for vascular health and summarize recent research on NAD⁺ and its association with vascular health and disease, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. This review also assesses various NAD⁺ precursors for their clinical efficacy and the efficiency of NAD⁺ elevation in the prevention or treatment of major CVDs, potentially guiding new therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7134,"journal":{"name":"生理学报","volume":"77 2","pages":"345-360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Acupuncture regulates dynamic flux of Ca²⁺, Na⁺, and H₂O₂ in skeletal muscle injury induced by eccentric exercise in rats].","authors":"Xue-Lin Zhang, Qian Zhao, Ai-Shan Liu, Ming-Liang Duan, Jing-Jing Ding, Hua Wang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of acupuncture on dynamic changes in Ca²⁺, Na⁺, and H₂O₂ flux following eccentric exercise-induced muscle injury. The total of 324 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group (C), eccentric exercise group (E), eccentric exercise with acupuncture group (EA), EA with TRP channel blocker group (EAT), EA with NOX2 blocker group (EAN) and EA with placebo group (EAP). Gastrocnemius muscles were subject to lengthening contractions with percutaneous electrical stimulation, followed by immediate pretreatment with blocking agents. After 30 min, acupuncture needling was administered to the gastrocnemius muscle, and real-time dynamic changes of Ca²⁺, Na⁺ and H₂O₂ flux were measured with non-invasive micro-test technique during the needle retention period, immediately, 3 h, 6 h, and 24 h post-extraction respectively. Results showed that compared with the E group, acupuncture significantly increased net Ca²⁺ efflux (<i>P</i> < 0.05), extended the period of net Na⁺ influx, and significantly decreased net H₂O₂ efflux (<i>P</i> < 0.05). However, these effects were significantly attenuated in the EAT and EAN groups, where excessive net H₂O₂ efflux was observed (<i>P</i> < 0.001). These findings indicate that acupuncture regulates the dynamic changes of Ca²⁺, Na⁺ and H₂O₂ flux by activating the TRP channels and interacting with NOX2 activity following eccentric exercise-induced skeletal muscle injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":7134,"journal":{"name":"生理学报","volume":"77 1","pages":"47-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Research progress of nucleus tractus solitarius involved in central regulation of hypertension].","authors":"Yu Tian, Na Li, Yi Zhang, Hong-Jie Wang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) is the primary brain region for receiving and integrating cardiovascular afferent signals. It plays a crucial role in maintaining balance of autonomic nervous system and regulating blood pressure through cardiovascular reflexes. Neurons within the NTS form complex synaptic connections and interact reciprocally with other brain regions. The NTS regulates autonomic nervous system activity and arterial blood pressure through modulating baroreflex, sympathetic nerve activity, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and oxidative stress. Dysfunctions in NTS activity may contribute to hypertension. Understanding the NTS' role in centrally regulating blood pressure and alterations of neurotransmission or signaling pathways in the NTS may provide rationale for new therapeutic strategies of prevention and treatment. This review summarizes the research findings on autonomic nervous system regulation and arterial blood pressure control by NTS, as well as unresolved questions, in order to provide reference for future investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7134,"journal":{"name":"生理学报","volume":"77 1","pages":"85-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Research progress on the role and mechanism of endothelin-1 in pain].","authors":"Cong-Kun Hu, Hao-Jun You, Jing Lei","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endothelin-1 is a peptide derived from endothelial cells, consisting of 21 amino acid residues. In recent years, research has found that endothelin-1 not only plays a key role in vascular tone regulation but also participates in the occurrence and development of various types of pathological pain, including inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, and cancer pain. Endothelin-1 binds to its receptors and activates multiple signaling pathways such as protein kinase C, calcium ion channels, and the phosphoinositide pathway, thereby influencing neuronal excitability and nociceptive information transmission. This article briefly reviews the current understanding of the mechanisms and potential roles of endothelin-1 in the development of pain, as well as commonly used endothelin-1 receptor antagonists, aiming to provide clues for better utilizing endothelin-1 and its receptors to alleviate and treat pathological pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":7134,"journal":{"name":"生理学报","volume":"77 1","pages":"120-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[An update on the role of ADAMTS proteoglycanase in female reproductive system].","authors":"Meng-Die Li, Kang Sun, Wang-Sheng Wang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin-like motifs (ADAMTS) represent a diverse family of secreted metalloproteinases, comprising 19 distinct members categorized into five groups based on their substrate specificity: proteoglycanases, procollagen N-peptidases, von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease, cartilage oligomeric matrix proteases and other proteases. Among these, ADAMTS proteoglycanases predominantly target hyalectans, pivotal components in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and inflammation. Dysfunction of ADAMTS proteoglycanases disrupts the structure and function of hyalectans, thereby perturbing ECM homeostasis, resulting in reproduction disorders, including abnormal follicular development, ovulation dysfunction, impaired implantation, placentation and preterm labor. Hence, investigation of the role of ADAMTS proteoglycanases offers valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological or pathological processes within the female reproductive system, thereby paving the way for innovative strategies in predicting, preventing and treating reproductive system diseases. This review summarizes the recent research advances in the structure and regulation of ADAMTS proteoglycanases and their role in female reproductive system.</p>","PeriodicalId":7134,"journal":{"name":"生理学报","volume":"77 1","pages":"151-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on the effects of sedentary behavior and physical activity on diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Qi Chen, Chuan-Fen Li, Wen Jing","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become one of the most serious and common chronic diseases around the world, leading to various complications and a reduction in life expectancy. Increased sedentary behavior (SB) and decreased physical activity (PA) are important contributors to the rising prevalence of DM. This article reviews the research progress on the pathogenesis of DM, the effects of SB and PA on the risk of DM, aiming to explore the influence of different PA intensities, amounts, frequencies, durations and types on the incidence of DM. Research has shown that blood glucose levels tend to increase with the prolongation of SB. Within a certain range, PA intensity and amount are negatively correlated with the risk of DM; Performing PA for more than 3 days per week maintains normal glucose tolerance and lower blood pressure; Engaging in 150-300 min of moderate-intensity exercise or 75-150 min of high-intensity exercise per week reduces the risk of DM; PA during leisure time reduces the risk of DM, while PA during work increases the risk of DM; Both aerobic training and resistance training reduce the risk of DM, and the combination of the two training methods produces better benefits; Various types of exercises, such as cycling, soccer, aerobics, yoga and tai chi, all reduce the risk of DM. In summary, prolonged SB increases the risk of DM, while appropriate PA reduces the risk of DM. As the intensity, amount, and frequency of PA increase, the effect of reducing DM risk becomes more significant. Different exercise methods have different effects on reducing DM risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":7134,"journal":{"name":"生理学报","volume":"77 1","pages":"62-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The regulation and mechanism of apolipoprotein A5 on myocardial lipid deposition].","authors":"Xiao-Jie Yang, Jiang Li, Jing-Yuan Chen, Teng-Teng Zhu, Yu-Si Chen, Hai-Hua Qiu, Wen-Jie Chen, Xiao-Qin Luo, Jun Luo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The current study aimed to clarify the roles of apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) and milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 (Mfge8) in regulating myocardial lipid deposition and the regulatory relationship between them. The serum levels of ApoA5 and Mfge8 in obese and healthy people were compared, and the obesity mouse model induced by the high-fat diet (HFD) was established. In addition, primary cardiomyocytes were purified and identified from the hearts of suckling mice. The 0.8 mmol/L sodium palmitate treatment was used to establish the lipid deposition cardiomyocyte model &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. ApoA5-overexpressing adenovirus was used to observe its effects on cardiac function and lipids. The expressions of the fatty acid uptake-related molecules and Mfge8 on transcription or translation levels were detected. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to verify the interaction between ApoA5 and Mfge8 proteins. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the co-localization of Mfge8 protein with ApoA5 or lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2). Recombinant rMfge8 was added to cardiomyocytes to investigate the regulatory mechanism of ApoA5 on Mfge8. The results showed that participants in the simple obesity group had a significant decrease in serum ApoA5 levels (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) and a significant increase in Mfge8 levels (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) in comparison with the healthy control group. The adenovirus treatment successfully overexpressed ApoA5 in HFD-fed obese mice and palmitic acid-induced lipid deposition cardiomyocytes, respectively. ApoA5 reduced the weight of HFD-fed obese mice (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05), shortened left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), increased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and significantly reduced plasma levels of triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol (CHOL) (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). In myocardial tissue and cardiomyocytes, the overexpression of ApoA5 significantly reduced the deposition of TG (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05), transcription of fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05), fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05), and fatty acid transport protein (FATP) (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05), and protein expression of Mfge8 (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05), while the transcription levels of Mfge8 were not significantly altered (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt;, the Mfge8 protein was captured using ApoA5 as bait protein, indicating a direct interaction between them. Overexpression of ApoA5 led to an increase in co-localization of Mfge8 with ApoA5 or LAMP2 in cardiomyocytes under lipid deposition status. On this basis, exogenous added recombinant rMfge8 counteracted the improvement of lipid deposition in cardiomyocytes by ApoA5. The above results indicate that the overexpression of ApoA5 can reduce fatty acid uptake in myocardial cells under lipid deposition status by regulating the content and cellular localization of Mfge8 protein, thereby significantly reducing myocardial lipid deposition and improving cardiac diastolic and systolic function","PeriodicalId":7134,"journal":{"name":"生理学报","volume":"77 1","pages":"35-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Research progress of JAK/STAT signaling pathway in rheumatoid arthritis pain].","authors":"Zhen-Qiang Liu, Hao-Jun You, Jing Lei","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by synovitis and bone destruction. Its clinical characteristics are mainly joint pain, swelling, stiffness and joint deformity. Due to the poor efficacy of both drug and non-drug therapies, RA can significantly impact patients' quality of life and increase personal and socioeconomic burdens. Studies have found that the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transduction and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, as classical intracellular signaling pathway, plays an important role in the occurrence and development of connective tissue diseases by regulating inflammation, immunity, and cell differentiation. This article reviews the research progress on the involvement of JAK/STAT signaling pathway in the mechanism of RA pathological pain, in order to provide some reference for understanding the pathogenesis of RA pathological pain and developing specific drug.</p>","PeriodicalId":7134,"journal":{"name":"生理学报","volume":"77 1","pages":"131-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}