{"title":"Antityrosinase and Antimelanogenic Effects of Structurally Modified Kojic Acid Derivatives with Piperidine Side Chains.","authors":"Gülşah Karakaya, Tugba Adak, Sami Hamdoun, Aslı Türe, Ayşe Ercan, Mutlu Aytemir","doi":"10.17344/acsi.2025.9318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2025.9318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, eight QSAR models were constructed to develop novel compounds as tyrosinase inhibitors. The decision tables, Bagging, and Random Committee methods showed the best predictive abilities (q2 ≥ 0.5) among the models. Based on these models, twelve new kojic acid derivatives were synthesized. Tyrosinase inhibition was determined using a spectrophotometric method with L-DOPA as the substrate. Molecular docking studies were conducted to provide insights into the tyrosinase-inhibiting mechanisms of the compounds. Cytotoxic effects on the B16F10 melanoma cell line were investigated using the SRB assay. A melanogenesis assay was also performed to detect the inhibition of melanin production. Compounds 4l, 4j, and 4b exhibited better tyrosinase inhibitory effects than the positive control, kojic acid (218.8 µM), with IC50 values of 138.1, 159.0, and 208.9 µM, respectively. Compound 4j showed the best anti-melanogenesis effect among the compounds tested. These findings demonstrate the potential of the compounds developed as novel tyrosinase inhibitors for clinical and cosmetic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7122,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chimica Slovenica","volume":"72 4","pages":"679-691"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145773201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatma Youssef, Mostafa Ismail, Mohammed Abass, Heba Hassan
{"title":"Synthesis and Biological Activity of Some Novel Quinolinones Derived from 1-Ethyl-1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxoquinoline-3-carbaldehyde.","authors":"Fatma Youssef, Mostafa Ismail, Mohammed Abass, Heba Hassan","doi":"10.17344/acsi.2025.9335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2025.9335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The reactivity of 1-ethyl-1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxoquinoline-3-carbaldehyde (1) towards some diaza-nucleophiles has been investigated, under various reaction conditions. 1-Ethyl-1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxoquinoline-3-carbaldehyde (1) was reacted with hydrazine, phenylhydrazine, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, acid hydrazides, semicarbazide, thiosemicarbazides, thiocarbohydrazide, ortho-phenylenediamine and ortho-aminophenol. It was found that solvents used in these reactions impacted product selectivity. Accordingly, these reactions led to various open-chain and/or cyclic derivatives of quinolinone. The structure of the new compounds was determined using spectroscopic techniques and elemental analyses. All products were screened in vitro to determine their antimicrobial, antioxidant and antitumor activities. Compounds 2a and 2c are the most active compounds against bacterial and fungal strains. While the most effective compounds against breast cancer (MCF-7) are compounds 2a and 8a.</p>","PeriodicalId":7122,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chimica Slovenica","volume":"72 4","pages":"692-706"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145773175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nemanja B Todorović, Darija B Sazdanić, Bojana G Mamužić, Mladena N Lalić-Popović, Milica T Atanacković Krstonošić, Mira P Mikulić
{"title":"Chemical Stability and Dissolution of Paracetamol Tablets Formulated by Direct Compression and Granulation Process.","authors":"Nemanja B Todorović, Darija B Sazdanić, Bojana G Mamužić, Mladena N Lalić-Popović, Milica T Atanacković Krstonošić, Mira P Mikulić","doi":"10.17344/acsi.2025.9374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2025.9374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The chemical stability of active substances affects the safety and efficacy of the drug products. The aim of this study was to investigate the stability and dissolution of paracetamol tablets produced by wet granulation (GS, GP) and direct compression (K). The highest percentage of loss was observed during alkaline hydrolysis (between 10.41% and 16.06%). Acidic conditions caused the highest degradation in sample K (5.3%). Oxidative conditions lead to the highest degradation in two formulations (K, GP). The loss was below 5% after thermal and photolytic degradation for all samples, with the highest decrease found in pure paracetamol after thermal degradation (2.63%). The dissolution profiles best fit to Korsmeyer-Peppas model, with the slowest release observed in formulation K. The study of different formulations revealed a significant influence of formulation factors (producing method, presence of excipients) on the stability and dissolution of paracetamol.</p>","PeriodicalId":7122,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chimica Slovenica","volume":"72 4","pages":"721-729"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145773227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Immunomodulatory Role of Palladium(II) Complex with Ethyl Derivative of Thiosalicylic Acid Ligand.","authors":"Mirjana Jakovljević, Jovana Marinković, Dusan Tomović, Gordana Radić, Irfan Ćorović, Slađana Pavlović, Bojana Simović Marković, Ivan Jovanović, Andriana Bukonjić","doi":"10.17344/acsi.2025.9301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2025.9301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many complexes have shown antitumor potential, including the bis(S-ethyl-2-thiosalicylate)palladium(II) complex. The aim of this study was to investigate potential immunomodulatory effects of this complex on acquired and innate immunity, in vitro. The effect was assessed based on the levels of cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 1β, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), IL-17 and IL-10. Cytokine concentrations were measured by ELISA assay. Pd(II) complex led to a reduced secretion of most pro-inflammatory cytokines. The effects of the complex were more intense in non-activated cells. The same effect was shown in cells of acquired and innate immunity. These effects make the Pd(II) complex not only a potential antitumor agent, but also an anti-inflammatory agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":7122,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chimica Slovenica","volume":"72 4","pages":"666-671"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145773182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis, X-Ray Crystal Structures and Urease Inhibitory Activity of 3,5-Dihydroxy-N'-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)benzohydrazide and its Copper(II) and Nickel(II) Complexes.","authors":"Zhonglu You, Ziyi Qiao, Yaoyao Cao, Dahua Shi, Niansui Song, Xinhui Feng","doi":"10.17344/acsi.2025.9518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2025.9518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrazone compounds have interesting biological activities. In this work, a new hydrazone compound 3,5-dihydroxy-N'-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)benzohydrazide (HL) was synthesized and characterized by IR, UV-Vis, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The compound reacts with copper chloride and nickel acetate, respectively, to afford metal complexes [CuCl2(HL)]∙CH3OH (1∙CH3OH) and [NiL2]∙2CH3OH∙2H2O (2∙2CH3OH∙2H2O). The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, and IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Structures of HL and the complexes were further confirmed by single crystal X-ray determination. The hydrazone ligand in complex 1 adopts neutral form and coordinates to Cu ion through pyridine nitrogen, imino nitrogen and carbonyl oxygen atoms. The hydrazone ligands in complex 2 adopt monoanionic form and coordinate to Ni ion through pyridine nitrogen, imino nitrogen and enolate oxygen atoms. The Cu atom in complex 1 is in square pyramidal coordination, and the Ni atom in complex 2 is in octahedral coordination. The compounds were tested for their urease inhibitory activities. Complex 1 has remarkable activity on Jack bean urease (IC50 = 0.5 ± 0.1 μmol L-1).</p>","PeriodicalId":7122,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chimica Slovenica","volume":"72 4","pages":"740-747"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145773281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis of Novel Indole Derivatives, Antiproliferative Activity, Apoptosis, and Molecular Docking Studies.","authors":"Mahsa Toolabi, Zahra Sabzevari, Zakaria Forouzanfar, Ayyub Mojaddami","doi":"10.17344/acsi.2025.9406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2025.9406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Novel indole-containing analogs were synthesized via a one-pot, multi-component Passerini reaction and subsequently evaluated for their anticancer activity against HeLa, MCF-7, and A549 cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. Among the synthesized compounds, (2-(cyclohexylamino)-1-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetate (4f), which demonstrated the most potent cytotoxic activity, exhibited promising results with IC50 values of 17.71 and 19.92 μM against HeLa and MCF-7 cells, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that compound 4f significantly induced apoptosis in HeLa cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, molecular docking studies into the active site of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL indicated that compound 4f binds with good affinity, which is consistent with its considerable efficacy in the in vitro tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":7122,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chimica Slovenica","volume":"72 4","pages":"730-739"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145773212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Camellia Yokdonensis Leaves: Antioxidant, Potential Antidiabetic and In Vitro Anti-inflammatory Activities.","authors":"Trang Thi Nguyen, Pham M Tuan, Danh C Vu","doi":"10.17344/acsi.2025.9305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2025.9305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the phenolic content, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects, and albumin denaturation inhibitory activity of extracts from the leaves of Camellia yokdonensis, a plant species native to Vietnam. The results revealed epigallocatechin gallate as the dominant phenolic compound (33.76-191.95 mg/g). The methanolic extract showed the most potent antioxidant activity (ABTS IC50 = 135.01 ± 1.51 μg/mL, DPPH IC50 = 25.96 ± 0.11 μg/mL). The aqueous ethanolic extract exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity against albumin denaturation (IC50 = 320.20 ± 2.45 μg/mL). The aqueous methanolic extract possessed the highest α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 382.80 ± 14.82 μg/mL), while the ethanolic extract displayed the strongest α-amylase inhibition (IC50 = 1105.96 ± 26.97 μg/mL). Pearson correlation analysis indicated positive correlations between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, and albumin denaturation inhibition. These findings underscore C. yokdonensis leaves as a promising source of natural antioxidants and enzyme inhibitors for managing diabetes and inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7122,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chimica Slovenica","volume":"72 4","pages":"672-678"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145773247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gül Kotan, Kenan Gören, Sevda Manap, Mehmet Bağlan, Haydar Yüksek
{"title":"Novel Mannich Bases Based on Schiff Bases: Synthesis, Biological Activities, Computational Approach, and Anticancer Analysis with Molecular Docking.","authors":"Gül Kotan, Kenan Gören, Sevda Manap, Mehmet Bağlan, Haydar Yüksek","doi":"10.17344/acsi.2025.9285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2025.9285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the Mannich base derivatives 1-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl-methyl)-3-alkyl(aryl)-4-(3-methoxy-4-acetoxybenzylideneamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-one 6(a-g) have been synthesized. The spectral analysis of the new compounds were identified utilizing 1H NMR, 13C NMR and IR spectrometry. Three techniques (Blois, Oyaizu, Dinis) were used to assess the potential antioxidant activities of the compound. Using the agar well diffusion method, the compounds' in vitro antibacterial properties were studied against six bacteria. Additionally, the molecular docking study was performed to research the potential anticancer activities of the compound against ovarian and gastric cancer. In molecular docking analysis, compound 6e gave good results in potential cancer interactions with protein 3W2S and compound 6f with protein 3OCB. Also, ADME estimations was performed to assess the drug-likeness of Mannich bases. The energies of molecular orbitals (HOMO-LUMO) and energy differ (ΔEg) was calculated for compounds. Finally, the structure-activity relationships (SAR) was analyzed by Density Functional Theory (DFT).</p>","PeriodicalId":7122,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chimica Slovenica","volume":"72 4","pages":"637-653"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145773248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin from Green Chili with Process Optimization as per Response Surface Methodology.","authors":"Nimra Maqsood, Dildar Ahmed","doi":"10.17344/acsi.2024.8960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2024.8960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin are highly valuable natural compounds. In this study, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was optimized for the extraction of these compounds from Capsicum annuum L. using two solvents: ethyl acetate and acetone. The optimization was conducted using response surface methodology (RSM), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for quantification of the compounds. The independent variables considered were microwave power (W), irradiation time (s), and solvent-to-solid ratio (SSR). For MAE-acetone, the optimal yields were 19.3 mg/g dry matter (DM) for capsaicin and 10.2 mg/g DM for dihydrocapsaicin. MAE-ethyl acetate yielded higher amounts, with 22.1 mg/g DM for capsaicin and 10.6 mg/g DM for dihydrocapsaicin. The optimal conditions for capsaicin in both solvents were 60 s, 220 W, and 30 mL/g SSR, while for dihydrocapsaicin, the conditions were 40 s, 220 W, and 40 mL/g SSR. Thus, MAE-ethyl acetate proved to be more effective than MAE-acetone for the extraction of both compounds. It is, therefore, preferable due to its efficiency and environmental safety and, thus, is a promising technique for industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7122,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chimica Slovenica","volume":"72 4","pages":"623-636"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145773206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Baqur Al-Shuhaib, Hayder O Hashim, Mudher K Mohammed, Jafar M B Al-Shuhaib
{"title":"Quercetin-3 Sulfate: A Novel Inhibitor Targeting Helicobacter Pylori Revealed through Molecular Docking and Dynamic Simulations.","authors":"Mohammed Baqur Al-Shuhaib, Hayder O Hashim, Mudher K Mohammed, Jafar M B Al-Shuhaib","doi":"10.17344/acsi.2025.9336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2025.9336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type II dehydroquinase (DHQase) is a pivotal enzyme in the synthesis of aromatic amino acids essential for Helicobacter pylori's survival. It possesses distinctive characteristics and exhibits limited sequence or structural similarity to other bacterial organisms. Molecular docking was employed to screen Middle Eastern medicinal plants to identify the most promising candidates for inhibiting DHQase with the highest affinity. Docking against DHQase was performed on 2,213 ligand conformers derived from 151 natural Middle Eastern medicinal plants. Ten hits with the most favorable docking scores were selected for subsequent ADMET assay analysis and molecular dynamic simulation. Of all of the top hits, quercetin-3 sulfate had the highest docking score. This compound adhered to the druglikeness roles and demonstrated no toxicity. MD simulations indicated that the quercetin-3 sulfate-DHQase complex exhibited higher levels of stabilized RMSD and higher values of stably contributed amino acid residues than other structures. This study underscores the novel inhibitory potential of quercetin 3-sulfate against DHQase, demonstrating the highest ligand affinity. This observation suggests the validity of quercetin 3-sulfate as a potent drug for combating H. pylori infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":7122,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chimica Slovenica","volume":"72 4","pages":"707-720"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145773228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}