O. Bau, I. Poupyrev, Mathieu Le Goc, Laureline Galliot, Matthew Glisson
{"title":"REVEL: tactile feedback technology for augmented reality","authors":"O. Bau, I. Poupyrev, Mathieu Le Goc, Laureline Galliot, Matthew Glisson","doi":"10.1145/2343456.2343473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2343456.2343473","url":null,"abstract":"Augmented Reality has recently emerged as one of the key application areas of interactive computer graphics and is rapidly expanding from research laboratories into everyday use. The fundamental premise of AR is to enable us to interact with virtual objects immediately and directly, seeing, feeling and manipulating them just as we do physical objects. Most AR applications, however, provide only visual augmentation of the real world and do not provide the means to let the user feel tactile, physical properties of virtual objects or to enhance the physical world with computer-generated tactile textures. The absence of tactile feedback does not allow us to take advantage of the powerful mechanisms of the human sense of touch and diminishes the quality of the experience.","PeriodicalId":7121,"journal":{"name":"ACM Trans. Graph.","volume":"68 1","pages":"89:1-89:11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88527956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Malzbender, R. Samadani, Steve Scher, A. Crume, Douglas Dunn, James Davis
{"title":"Printing reflectance functions","authors":"T. Malzbender, R. Samadani, Steve Scher, A. Crume, Douglas Dunn, James Davis","doi":"10.1145/2167076.2167078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2167076.2167078","url":null,"abstract":"The reflectance function of a scene point captures the appearance of that point as a function of lighting direction. We present an approach to printing the reflectance functions of an object or scene so that its appearance is modified correctly as a function of the lighting conditions when viewing the print. For example, such a “photograph” of a statue printed with our approach appears to cast shadows to the right when the “photograph” is illuminated from the left. Viewing the same print with lighting from the right will cause the statue's shadows to be cast to the left. Beyond shadows, all effects due to the lighting variation, such as Lambertian shading, specularity, and inter-reflection can be reproduced. We achieve this ability by geometrically and photometrically controlling specular highlights on the surface of the print. For a particular viewpoint, arbitrary reflectance functions can be built up at each pixel by controlling only the specular highlights and avoiding significant diffuse reflections. Our initial binary prototype uses halftoning to approximate continuous grayscale reflectance functions.","PeriodicalId":7121,"journal":{"name":"ACM Trans. Graph.","volume":"24 1","pages":"20:1-20:11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84577567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sparse zonal harmonic factorization for efficient SH rotation","authors":"D. Nowrouzezahrai, P. Simari, E. Fiume","doi":"10.1145/2167076.2167081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2167076.2167081","url":null,"abstract":"We present a sparse analytic representation for spherical functions, including those expressed in a Spherical Harmonic (SH) expansion, that is amenable to fast and accurate rotation on the GPU. Exploiting the fact that each band-l SH basis function can be expressed as a weighted sum of 2l + 1 rotated band-l Zonal Harmonic (ZH) lobes, we develop a factorization that significantly reduces this number. We investigate approaches for promoting sparsity in the change-of-basis matrix, and also introduce lobe sharing to reduce the total number of unique lobe directions used for an order-N expansion from N2 to 2N-1. Our representation does not introduce approximation error, is suitable for any type of spherical function (e.g., lighting or transfer), and requires no offline fitting procedure; only a (sparse) matrix multiplication is required to map to/from SH. We provide code for our rotation algorithms, and apply them to several real-time rendering applications.","PeriodicalId":7121,"journal":{"name":"ACM Trans. Graph.","volume":"84 1","pages":"23:1-23:9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83840265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Topology-adaptive interface tracking using the deformable simplicial complex","authors":"M. Misztal, J. A. Bærentzen","doi":"10.1145/2167076.2167082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2167076.2167082","url":null,"abstract":"We present a novel, topology-adaptive method for deformable interface tracking, called the Deformable Simplicial Complex (DSC). In the DSC method, the interface is represented explicitly as a piecewise linear curve (in 2D) or surface (in 3D) which is a part of a discretization (triangulation/tetrahedralization) of the space, such that the interface can be retrieved as a set of faces separating triangles/tetrahedra marked as inside from the ones marked as outside (so it is also given implicitly). This representation allows robust topological adaptivity and, thanks to the explicit representation of the interface, it suffers only slightly from numerical diffusion. Furthermore, the use of an unstructured grid yields robust adaptive resolution. Also, topology control is simple in this setting. We present the strengths of the method in several examples: simple geometric flows, fluid simulation, point cloud reconstruction, and cut locus construction.","PeriodicalId":7121,"journal":{"name":"ACM Trans. Graph.","volume":"8 1","pages":"24:1-24:12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87229684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On filtering the noise from the random parameters in Monte Carlo rendering","authors":"P. Sen, Soheil Darabi","doi":"10.1145/2167076.2167083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2167076.2167083","url":null,"abstract":"Monte Carlo (MC) rendering systems can produce spectacular images but are plagued with noise at low sampling rates. In this work, we observe that this noise occurs in regions of the image where the sample values are a direct function of the random parameters used in the Monte Carlo system. Therefore, we propose a way to identify MC noise by estimating this functional relationship from a small number of input samples. To do this, we treat the rendering system as a black box and calculate the statistical dependency between the outputs and inputs of the system. We then use this information to reduce the importance of the sample values affected by MC noise when applying an image-space, cross-bilateral filter, which removes only the noise caused by the random parameters but preserves important scene detail. The process of using the functional relationships between sample values and the random parameter inputs to filter MC noise is called Random Parameter Filtering (RPF), and we demonstrate that it can produce images in a few minutes that are comparable to those rendered with a thousand times more samples. Furthermore, our algorithm is general because we do not assign any physical meaning to the random parameters, so it works for a wide range of Monte Carlo effects, including depth of field, area light sources, motion blur, and path-tracing. We present results for still images and animated sequences at low sampling rates that have higher quality than those produced with previous approaches.","PeriodicalId":7121,"journal":{"name":"ACM Trans. Graph.","volume":"74 1","pages":"18:1-18:15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79609563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juyong Zhang, Jianmin Zheng, Chunlin Wu, Jianfei Cai
{"title":"Variational mesh decomposition","authors":"Juyong Zhang, Jianmin Zheng, Chunlin Wu, Jianfei Cai","doi":"10.1145/2167076.2167079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2167076.2167079","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of decomposing a 3D mesh into meaningful segments (or parts) is of great practical importance in computer graphics. This article presents a variational mesh decomposition algorithm that can efficiently partition a mesh into a prescribed number of segments. The algorithm extends the Mumford-Shah model to 3D meshes that contains a data term measuring the variation within a segment using eigenvectors of a dual Laplacian matrix whose weights are related to the dihedral angle between adjacent triangles and a regularization term measuring the length of the boundary between segments. Such a formulation simultaneously handles segmentation and boundary smoothing, which are usually two separate processes in most previous work. The efficiency is achieved by solving the Mumford-Shah model through a saddle-point problem that is solved by a fast primal-dual method. A preprocess step is also proposed to determine the number of segments that the mesh should be decomposed into. By incorporating this preprocessing step, the proposed algorithm can automatically segment a mesh into meaningful parts. Furthermore, user interaction is allowed by incorporating the user's inputs into the variational model to reflect the user's special intention. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms competitive segmentation methods when evaluated on the Princeton Segmentation Benchmark.","PeriodicalId":7121,"journal":{"name":"ACM Trans. Graph.","volume":"21 1","pages":"21:1-21:14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74039781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Symmetry-guided texture synthesis and manipulation","authors":"Vladimir G. Kim, Y. Lipman, T. Funkhouser","doi":"10.1145/2167076.2167080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2167076.2167080","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a framework for symmetry-guided texture synthesis and processing. It is motivated by the long-standing problem of how to optimize, transfer, and control the spatial patterns in textures. The key idea is that symmetry representations that measure autocorrelations with respect to all transformations of a group are a natural way to describe spatial patterns in many real-world textures. To leverage this idea, we provide methods to transfer symmetry representations from one texture to another, process the symmetries of a texture, and optimize textures with respect to properties of their symmetry representations. These methods are automatic and robust, as they don't require explicit detection of discrete symmetries. Applications are investigated for optimizing, processing, and transferring symmetries and textures.","PeriodicalId":7121,"journal":{"name":"ACM Trans. Graph.","volume":"55 1","pages":"22:1-22:14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90853167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Resolution enhancement by vibrating displays","authors":"Floraine Berthouzoz, Raanan Fattal","doi":"10.1145/2159516.2159521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2159516.2159521","url":null,"abstract":"We present a method that makes use of the retinal integration time in the human visual system for increasing the resolution of displays. Given an input image with a resolution higher than the display resolution, we compute several images that match the display's native resolution. We then render these low-resolution images in a sequence that repeats itself on a high refresh-rate display. The period of the sequence falls below the retinal integration time and therefore the eye integrates the images temporally and perceives them as one image. In order to achieve resolution enhancement we apply small-amplitude vibrations to the display panel and synchronize them with the screen refresh cycles. We derive the perceived image model and use it to compute the low-resolution images that are optimized to enhance the apparent resolution of the perceived image. This approach achieves resolution enhancement without having to move the displayed content across the screen and hence offers a more practical solution than existing approaches. Moreover, we use our model to establish limitations on the amount of resolution enhancement achievable by such display systems. In this analysis we draw a formal connection between our display and super-resolution techniques and find that both methods share the same limitation, yet this limitation stems from different sources. Finally, we describe in detail a simple physical realization of our display system and demonstrate its ability to match most of the spectrum displayable on a screen with twice the resolution.","PeriodicalId":7121,"journal":{"name":"ACM Trans. Graph.","volume":"263 1","pages":"15:1-15:14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76417483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MultiFLIP for energetic two-phase fluid simulation","authors":"Landon Boyd, R. Bridson","doi":"10.1145/2159516.2159522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2159516.2159522","url":null,"abstract":"Physically-based liquid animations often ignore the influence of air, giving up interesting behavior. We present a new method which treats both air and liquid as incompressible, more accurately reproducing the reality observed at scales relevant to computer animation. The Fluid Implicit Particle (FLIP) method, already shown to effectively simulate incompressible fluids with low numerical dissipation, is extended to two-phase flow by associating a phase bit with each particle. The liquid surface is reproduced at each time step from the particle positions, which are adjusted to prevent mixing near the surface and to allow for accurate surface tension. The liquid surface is adjusted around small-scale features so they are represented in the grid-based pressure projection, while separate, loosely coupled velocity fields reduce unwanted influence between the phases. The resulting scheme is easy to implement, requires little parameter tuning, and is shown to reproduce lively two-phase fluid phenomena.","PeriodicalId":7121,"journal":{"name":"ACM Trans. Graph.","volume":"65 1","pages":"16:1-16:12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82351567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ijaz Akhter, T. Simon, Sohaib Khan, I. Matthews, Yaser Sheikh
{"title":"Bilinear spatiotemporal basis models","authors":"Ijaz Akhter, T. Simon, Sohaib Khan, I. Matthews, Yaser Sheikh","doi":"10.1145/2159516.2159523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2159516.2159523","url":null,"abstract":"A variety of dynamic objects, such as faces, bodies, and cloth, are represented in computer graphics as a collection of moving spatial landmarks. Spatiotemporal data is inherent in a number of graphics applications including animation, simulation, and object and camera tracking. The principal modes of variation in the spatial geometry of objects are typically modeled using dimensionality reduction techniques, while concurrently, trajectory representations like splines and autoregressive models are widely used to exploit the temporal regularity of deformation. In this article, we present the bilinear spatiotemporal basis as a model that simultaneously exploits spatial and temporal regularity while maintaining the ability to generalize well to new sequences. This factorization allows the use of analytical, predefined functions to represent temporal variation (e.g., B-Splines or the Discrete Cosine Transform) resulting in efficient model representation and estimation. The model can be interpreted as representing the data as a linear combination of spatiotemporal sequences consisting of shape modes oscillating over time at key frequencies. We apply the bilinear model to natural spatiotemporal phenomena, including face, body, and cloth motion data, and compare it in terms of compaction, generalization ability, predictive precision, and efficiency to existing models. We demonstrate the application of the model to a number of graphics tasks including labeling, gap-filling, denoising, and motion touch-up.","PeriodicalId":7121,"journal":{"name":"ACM Trans. Graph.","volume":"23 1","pages":"17:1-17:12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84786158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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