Acta Mechanica Sinica最新文献

{"title":"Biaxial failure behavior and a mechanism-informed criterion for 2D triaxially braided composites","authors":"Yinglong Cai \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Wenhao Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zheng Gong \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Qiyang Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zhenqiang Zhao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Chao Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yize Sun \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s10409-026-25858-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10409-026-25858-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two-dimensional triaxially braided composites (2DTBCs) exhibit pronounced anisotropy and complex failure behavior under biaxial loading, where strain-path dependence and fiber coupling lead to nonlinear and asymmetric strength responses. To address the limitations of classical failure models, this study develops a refined mesoscale finite element framework that captures the progressive damage evolution and stress redistribution across interacting fiber systems. Simulations reveal a systematic transition in failure modes—from axial-dominated fracture to coupled axial-transverse damage and ultimately to shear-driven collapse in the bias tows—as strain ratios and axial loading modes vary. Based on these observations, a mechanism-informed, piecewise failure envelope is proposed, integrating a modified Tsai–Wu formulation in coupling regimes with a maximum strain criterion elsewhere. This hybrid approach improves predictive accuracy and enhances physical interpretability for multiaxial strength assessment in complex braided architectures.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7109,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Sinica","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated transcriptomics reveals neutrophil transcriptional changes under high shear stress in blood pumps","authors":"Xinyu Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yuan Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Chenlu Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Hongyu Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yifeng Xi \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Anqiang Sun \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xiaoyan Deng \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Zengsheng Chen \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yubo Fan \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s10409-025-25795-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10409-025-25795-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mechanisms of blood pump-induced neutrophil damage and functional alterations remain unclear. This research utilized single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing to analyze gene expression and signaling pathway changes in neutrophils exposed to pressure heads of 100 and 350 mmHg <i>in vitro</i> loop models. Pseudotime analysis revealed neutrophil involvement in the middle and late phases of the response. Hub genes such as <i>IL1B</i>, <i>IL1A</i>, <i>ICAM1</i>, <i>CD44</i>, <i>TNFAIP3</i>, <i>CXCL8</i>, <i>IKBKB</i>, and <i>NFKB1</i> were identified by both methods, playing key roles in inflammation-related functions. These results were confirmed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cytokine levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, and TNF-α were significantly elevated in both groups, while IL-8 and neutrophil migration ability showed no significant changes. However, reactive oxygen species significantly increased in the 350 mmHg group. Scanning electron microscopy detection showed neutrophil extracellular traps formation, while no significant morphological change in neutrophils was observed. These results provide new information about the immune response to non-physiological shear stress induced by blood pumps.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7109,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Sinica","volume":"42 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10409-025-25795-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances on artificial intelligence for fluid mechanics","authors":"Hui Li,&nbsp;Qiangqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10409-026-60034-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10409-026-60034-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7109,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Sinica","volume":"42 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced LDDMM frameworks for mapping short- and long-term cardiac dynamics","authors":"Debao Guan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yu Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Min Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Hao Gao \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s10409-026-51029-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10409-026-51029-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In cardiac modelling, it is essential to accurately capture anatomical variations of the heart over timescales ranging from seconds to months, such as strain estimation and tracking the progression of cardiac dysfunction. In this study, we introduce physics-enhanced and geometry-enhanced variants of large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM) framework to map a reference configuration of the heart to another state, without explicitly solving the underlying mathematical models. Two scenarios are considered: (1) passive filling of the heart within a single heartbeat, and (2) the growth and remodelling process following myocardial infarction. The first scenario has traditionally been solved using nonlinear finite element methods based on known physical laws, whereas the second remains an open research question. The physics-enhanced LDDMM incorporates a predefined strain energy function of the myocardium and the embedded myofibre structure, while the geometry-enhanced LD-DMM introduces three additional geometric metrics of the deformed configuration. Our results demonstrate that both frameworks can accurately recover biomechanical mappings during diastolic filling. Notably, the deformation tensor estimated via geometry-enhanced LDDMM is locally homogeneous, potentially reflecting more biologically realistic remodelling patterns. The estimated growth tensor accounts for at least 70% of the structural changes observed post-myocardial infarction when analyzed using the kinematic growth theory. These enhanced variant LDDMM frameworks thus offer an alternative approach for mapping cardiac dynamics—whether driven by short-term mechanical loading or long-term disease processes such as growth and remodelling—particularly in contexts where fully-established or tractable mechanistic models are unavailable.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7109,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Sinica","volume":"42 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10409-026-51029-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel physics-informed framework based on radial basis functions for solving forward and inverse elastostatic problems","authors":"Gefei Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Lin Qiu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Fajie Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Ji Lin \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xiaoying Zhuang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Qing-Hua Qin \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s10409-026-25967-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10409-026-25967-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a novel physics-informed framework based on radial basis functions (RBFs) for solving forward and inverse elastostatic problems in two dimensions. The proposed framework integrates RBFs into physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), employing a fully connected neural network with the angle of source point as input, and the source point location and shape parameter as outputs, to approximate the solutions across the computational domain. By leveraging the established RBF formula and automatic differentiation technique, we construct a loss function based on the governing equations and boundary conditions. The neural network is then trained using the back-propagation of loss function and the gradient descent method, with the aim of optimizing the source point distribution and shape parameter. Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed framework for dealing with elastostatic and inverse Cauchy problems even in complex geometries and thin-walled structures. Compared to traditional methods, including PINNs and RBF collocation methods, the proposed framework provides improved accuracy and robustness, resulting in more reliable numerical results.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7109,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Sinica","volume":"42 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative fractographic analysis on (110) fracture surface of single-crystal silicon via convolutional neural network","authors":"Tao Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Haoran Song \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jianzhong Zhao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Huamiao Wang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Lingyue Ma \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s10409-026-51043-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10409-026-51043-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Post-mortem fractographic analysis plays an important role in analyzing the fracture of brittle specimens. The formation of surface features results from the dynamic crack propagation process and could be quantitatively correlated to the fracture strength. However, the accuracy in conventional fractographic approaches relies on the subjective interpretation of the surface features. In this study, the fracture surface of single-crystal silicon on the (110) cleavage plane was studied. Various imaging methods were used to collect the fracture surface information, and later, a convolutional neural network model was developed to correlate the fracture strength and fracture surface features. The proposed approach was capable of analyzing optical images under various illumination conditions and scanning electron microscope images, while minimizing the effect of subjectivity in the fractographic approach. The strength estimates by the proposed model on single-crystal silicon with two crystalline systems were obtained within 10% error.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7109,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Sinica","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plastic deformation mechanisms in pearlite structures with different cementite morphologies in S38C axle steel: a molecular dynamics study","authors":"Yueyang Jiang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yanan Hu \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xu Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Qianhua Kan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Guozheng Kang \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s10409-026-25951-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10409-026-25951-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pearlite structure is a key microstructural constituent of carbon steels, including the S38C axle steel for high-speed train, and the morphology of cementite in pearlite structure plays a critical role in governing its plastic deformation behavior. In this work, three atomistic models of pearlite structures are constructed based on the results of transmission electron microscopy observations, which identify the lamellar, broken lamellar, and spheroidized morphologies of cementite within the pearlite structures of S38C axle steel. Molecular dynamics simulations under uniaxial tension and compression are, respectively, conducted on these models to investigate the microstructural evolution and underlying mechanisms of plastic deformation in pearlite structure. The results indicate that dislocations nucleate at the ferrite-cementite interfaces in all three pearlite models, with the nucleation sites strongly influenced by the interfacial stress distribution governed by cementite morphology. In the lamellar pearlite, the dislocations nucleated in the ferrite and piled-up at the ferrite-cementite interfaces can activate the dislocation slipping on some specific slip systems within the cementite, leading to an interfacial slip transfer from the ferrite to the cementite. In the spheroidized pearlite, the influence of dislocations piled-up at the ferrite-cementite interfaces on the dislocation slipping within the cementite is relatively limited, and the plastic deformation of the spheroidized pearlite is primarily governed by the dislocation motion in the ferrite. Moreover, under a compressive loading, the ferrite in all three models initially tends to deform plastically through a single-slip mechanism, which facilitates the dislocation accumulation at the interfaces and enhances the interactions between the dislocations and the interfaces. As a result, more strain hardening is observed under the compression than under the tension. This study offers essential insights into the influence of cementite morphology on the plastic deformation of pearlite microstructure.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7109,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Sinica","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain-modified TDGL modeling of vortex pinning and dynamics in superconductors with nanorods","authors":"Xiaoyu Duan \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Feng Xue \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jianmin Long \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xiaofan Gou \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s10409-026-51041-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10409-026-51041-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Enhancing the critical current density (<i>J</i>_c) under high magnetic fields remains a central challenge for high-temperature superconductors (HTSs). Introducing nanoscale pinning centers is a proven strategy to immobilize magnetic vortices and improve <i>J</i>_c. In the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) framework, this process is commonly modeled through a spatially varying function <i>p</i>(<b>r</b>) that represents the local suppression of the critical temperature (<i>T</i>_c). However, conventional TDGL models overlook the influence of local strain generated by lattice mismatch between nanostructures and the superconducting matrix. In this work, a strain-modified TDGL formulation is developed by incorporating the strain-dependent modulation of <i>T</i>_c through a revised pinning function <i>p</i>(<b>r</b>, <i>ε</i>). Based on this framework, the effects of strain, nanorod size, and spatial distribution on <i>J</i>_c are systematically investigated, and the optimal pinning configurations for given magnetic fields are identified. Results show that neglecting strain leads to substantial underestimation of <i>J</i>_c at low defect densities and misrepresentation of its its dependence on doping concentration. Therefore, incorporating strain-induced corrections not only enhances the predictive accuracy of the TDGL model but also provides a more reliable theoretical foundation for the design and optimization of high-performance superconducting materials.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7109,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Sinica","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scalar transport characteristics of purging plane jet above a moving wall in a simplified scenario of lithography machine","authors":"Zijun Huang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Sen Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jian Cao \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Chuangxin He \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Xianming Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yingzheng Liu \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s10409-026-25843-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10409-026-25843-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Scalar transport characteristics of the purging plane jet above a moving wall, which serves as a simplified scenario of the airborne space between the projection lens and the wafer stage of the step-and-scan lithography machine, are investigated using large eddy simulations. Toward this end, a series of simulations at different ratios of the jet velocity to the wall velocity along either forward or backwards-moving direction are performed. As jet velocity increases, the flow regime transitions from crossflow-dominated pattern to jet-dominated pattern, showing significant differences in statistical flow properties and vortex morphology. To elucidate flow-scalar interactions, spectral proper orthogonal decomposition is employed to extract coherent structures from fluctuating velocity and scalar fields. The scalar transport in the crossflow-dominated regime is jointly driven by large-scale structures resembling K-H vortices at low frequency and small-scale structures at high frequency. Conversely, in the jet-dominated regime, scalar transport is primarily governed by large-scale structures in the downstream impact region. The efficacy of purging jet is evaluated using metrics including entrainment velocity, statistics of scalar concentration and its gradients. Statistical results demonstrate that the jet-dominated pattern provides better shielding due to its lower scalar concentration and fluctuation, while the crossflow-dominated pattern poses higher contamination risk. Also, for crossflow-dominated pattern, high Reynolds number can lead to more unstable flow and entrainment, which brings challenge for the design of purging system.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7109,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Sinica","volume":"42 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ microstructural stress evolution reveals electrochemical-mechanical coupling in graphite electrodes for lithium storage","authors":"Changyi Hong \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Haimei Xie \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Jiaqi Li \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Qian Zhang \u0000 (,&nbsp;),&nbsp;Yilan Kang \u0000 (,&nbsp;)","doi":"10.1007/s10409-026-51107-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10409-026-51107-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the electrochemical-mechanical coupling in electrodes is key to the structural stability and cycle life of lithium-ion batteries. Herein, we develop an <i>in situ</i> three-dimensional (3D) microstructural stress characterization method for layered graphite electrodes, integrating a constitutive model for electrochemically induced stress, first-principles calculations of lithium-concentration-dependent elastic moduli, and <i>in situ</i> measurements of 3D microstructural strain. Results demonstrate an anisotropic and nonlinear evolution of microstructure mechanics during the electrochemical process, characterized by distinct interlayer plateaus. The interlayer strains are an order of magnitude larger than in-plane strains, whereas in-plane moduli are significantly higher than interlayer moduli, leading to comparable stress magnitudes in both directions. The phase-resolved stress-strain evolution highlights an electrochemical-mechanical coupling, showing that microstructural mechanics acts both as a passive response to lithium insertion and as an active regulator of structural stability and electrochemistry. In the mid stage, interlayer platforms mitigate stress concentration and suppress crack propagation, enabling low stress/strain, fast diffusion, and stable impedance. In the late stage, stress accumulation drives structural degradation and electrochemical limitation, resulting in high stress/strain, fast diffusion, and increased impedance. The integrated modeling-experimental-simulation framework offers a powerful tool for characterizing and optimizing the electrochemical-mechanical coupling performance of next-generation electrode materials.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7109,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Sinica","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}