Metallurgist最新文献

{"title":"Causes of gear tooth flank failure in a quarry excavator drive system","authors":"B. S. Ermakov,&nbsp;O. V. Shvetsov,&nbsp;S. B. Ermakov,&nbsp;Y. S. Klochkov,&nbsp;S. A. Vologzhanina,&nbsp;A. M. Zolotov","doi":"10.1007/s11015-026-02091-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11015-026-02091-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of the oil and gas sector, as well as solid mineral mining enterprises, is now concentrated in the northernmost and most remote regions of the country. It is well-known that the service life of specific components and parts of excavators, bulldozers, and loaders decreases significantly in the Arctic and Subarctic regions of Russia. An analysis of damaged gear wheels removed from mining equipment operating in northern latitudes revealed that accelerated gear pair failure can be attributed to various external factors and product quality deficiencies. This study investigated how the chemical composition of tooth material and the segregation of impurity atoms at grain boundaries influence the resistance to metal fracture and the development of contact damage during long-term, low-temperature operation. The results demonstrate that tests determining the threshold stress intensity factor <i>K</i>₁_<i>rth</i> for sustained crack growth can be used to model the initiation and propagation of delayed quench cracks. These cracks occur along the boundaries of inherited austenite grains in the surface layers of driven gear teeth in traction transmission systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":702,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgist","volume":"69 10","pages":"1640 - 1647"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure of a composite reinforced by Zr35Hf17.5Ti5.5Al12.5Co7.5Ni12Cu10 bulk metallic glass particles","authors":"I. E. Nasennik,&nbsp;M. A. Esikov,&nbsp;A. B. Yurgin,&nbsp;N. S. Aleksandrova,&nbsp;K. E. Kuper,&nbsp;K. I. Emurlaev,&nbsp;A. A. Dudareva,&nbsp;I. A. Bataev","doi":"10.1007/s11015-025-02060-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11015-025-02060-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Zr₃₅Hf_17.5Ti_5.5Al_1.5Co_7.5Ni₁₂Cu₁₀-aluminum composites were fabricated by spark plasma sintering. The influence of sintering temperature on the structure, mechanical properties, and phase composition of the metallic glass was investigated. Phase transformations in the composite were studied using in situ synchrotron radiation diffraction. The disordered amorphous structure of the glass was preserved at a sintering temperature of 500 °C. An increase in the sintering temperature to 600 °C promoted the formation of HfAl₃ and CoZr₄ intermetallic compounds, resulting in an increase in hardness to 690 ± 7 <i>HV</i>_0.2. Thermal analysis of the sintered composite revealed four distinct stages of structural and phase transformations, characterized by the sequential formation of intermetallic phases with varying compositions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":702,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgist","volume":"69 9","pages":"1354 - 1362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas and dust waste from the Russian ferroalloy industry","authors":"V. I. Zhuchkov,&nbsp;O. V. Zayakin,&nbsp;A. V. Sychev","doi":"10.1007/s11015-026-02086-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11015-026-02086-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper presents data on the production of ferroalloys worldwide and in the Russian Federation, as well as on the amount and type of their production waste. The mechanism of gas-and-dust mixture formation in ore-smelting electric furnaces is described, citing the main reasons affecting the amount and dust content of furnace gases. Data on the rational use of dust generated during the production of various types of ferroalloys are provided.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":702,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgist","volume":"69 10","pages":"1587 - 1596"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blast furnace smelting technology using sinter of varying basicity in the charge","authors":"A. V. Kuzin,&nbsp;Ya. Yu. Aslamova,&nbsp;S. S. Bezmilicin","doi":"10.1007/s11015-026-02092-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11015-026-02092-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The chemical composition of a highly basic sinter was calculated using a feedstock with a high proportion of iron-bearing waste materials. Calculations confirm that the use of high-basicity sinter (1.2–4.0 units per ton) can drastically cut limestone consumption. Specifically, charging 350 kg per ton of hot metal into a furnace operating on low-basicity pellets (0.32–0.36 units) provides the required flux balance. This consequently reduces the specific coke rate and increases blast furnace productivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":702,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgist","volume":"69 10","pages":"1648 - 1655"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pressure control in the space of a heating furnace taking into account the operation of metal discharge dampers","authors":"Andrey V. Fomin,&nbsp;Oksana S. Aleinik","doi":"10.1007/s11015-026-02105-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11015-026-02105-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper is devoted to the development and commercial application of the method of pressure control in a continuous heating furnace that takes into account the compensating influence of metal discharge dampers. Based on the actual technological data, we deduce a differential equation (in the form of an aperiodic link of the first order), which describes the influence of metal discharge dampers on the pressure drop inside the furnace. On the basis of this equation, we develop a method for the predictive control, which enables us to compensate the influence of discharge dampers. The method was checked in a metal-heating furnace No. 2 of the Rolling Shop No.1 at the A. A. Ugarov OEMK JSC and by analyzing the results of experiments aimed at comparing different methods of compensation of pressure drops. The developed method makes it possible to reduce the pressure drop (by 5%), significantly decrease the time of compensation of perturbations caused by the action of dampers (by more than 200%), and improve the stability of operation of temperature zones in the region of discharge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":702,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgist","volume":"69 11","pages":"1776 - 1785"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rolled product for stamping from new types of low-carbon steel","authors":"A. I. Dagman,&nbsp;V. A. Belousov,&nbsp;A. S. Lukin,&nbsp;A. V. Morozov","doi":"10.1007/s11015-026-02096-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11015-026-02096-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Low-carbon, low-alloy steels, including coated grades, are among the fastest-growing product segments for metallurgical enterprises. This paper presents examples of the development and implementation of the following types of steels: cold-rolled steels with a minimum yield strength of 420 MPa; deep-drawing interstitial-free (IF) steel; bake-hardenable (BH) steel; and dual-phase steel. Using a systematic approach has been shown to improve product quality and enhance the stability of mechanical properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":702,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgist","volume":"69 11","pages":"1687 - 1693"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual space modeling of the stress-strain state of profiled forgings","authors":"K. N. Solomonov,&nbsp;S. M. Gorbatyuk,&nbsp;N. I. Fedorinin,&nbsp;L. I. Tishchuk,&nbsp;A. N. Lukyanova,&nbsp;Inna S. Bondarenko","doi":"10.1007/s11015-026-02109-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11015-026-02109-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We consider some methods of visual space modeling of the metal flow over the tool–workpiece contact surface and construct the diagram of contact stresses for the process of volume stamping of flat profiled blanks. The results obtained by different methods are characterized by good agreement. The proposed methods make it possible to predict form changes in the blanks and the formation of defects in the macrostructure of the deformed material, as well as to control the process of form changes in the forgings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":702,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgist","volume":"69 11","pages":"1815 - 1821"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specifics of the structure formation of Fe-9Cr-1Mo martensitic steel microalloyed with niobium","authors":"V. V. Yushchuk,&nbsp;A. A. Komissarov,&nbsp;E. D. Dolgach,&nbsp;A. Yu. Davydenko,&nbsp;L. V. Palatkina,&nbsp;L. I. Romanov,&nbsp;A. M. Mikhailov,&nbsp;A. V. Muntin,&nbsp;A. V. Chervonny","doi":"10.1007/s11015-026-02097-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11015-026-02097-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, computer simulation was used to plot a pseudo-binary diagram for Fe-9Cr-1Mo steel microalloyed with niobium and containing up to 0.06 wt. % carbon, and the phase-structural mechanisms of its crystallization were clarified. The steel maintains a single-phase structure of high-temperature δ‑ferrite in the entire solidification interval due to one-step crystallization (Liquid → δ) without a peritectic reaction or peritectic transformation. No micron-sized niobium-rich carbide phases were detected by metallographic analysis of the experimental steel ingot microalloyed with Nb up to 0.09 wt. % obtained by remelting in a laboratory vacuum induction furnace. It has been shown that at the crystallization stage, the interdendritic space becomes enriched with Cr, Mo, Si, Mn, Ni, and Nb, which segregate directly and form a solid solution with increased contents of carbide-forming elements. However, insignificant differences in the compositions of the microsegregation zones ensure the maximum possible macroscopic homogenization of the structure, thus allowing for the achievement of various strength classes (e.g., P110, C90, and L80) for the studied steel by properly selecting the final heat treatment conditions.</p><p>Metallographic studies of cast and deformed samples revealed thermally stable anomalous “white” zones with an increased content of all alloying elements relative to the standard crystallization zone. At the same time, the internal volumes of the “white” zones, in the form of inclusions with a high-angle boundary, contain a solid solution with molybdenum and niobium contents of up to 2.9–3.1 and up to 0.12 wt. %, respectively. This specifically leads to intensive pitting formation in these zones as early as during the metallographic etching of the samples, thus indicating their low resistance to aggressive environments. Therefore, like any other inhomogeneities in the bulk of a solid solution, the anomalous “white” zones with high-angle matrix boundaries exhibit reduced resistance to aggressive environments. Consequently, an increase in corrosion resistance can be expected by preventing the formation of “white” zones with an increased content of all alloying elements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":702,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgist","volume":"69 11","pages":"1694 - 1704"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of pyrite cinders as copper-bearing raw material","authors":"A. A. Grebenkin,&nbsp;L. Yu. Dobosh,&nbsp;A. V. Kalmykov,&nbsp;V. K. Shevchuk","doi":"10.1007/s11015-026-02087-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11015-026-02087-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a method for the preparation of pyrite cinders for reductive smelting, a process used to extract an iron-based alloy. The investigation centered on the behavior of copper in the resulting alloy (pig iron) and in the smelting by-product, the slag. The results demonstrate the feasibility of selectively reducing copper without concomitant iron reduction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":702,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgist","volume":"69 10","pages":"1597 - 1605"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of aging and stabilizing annealing at elevated temperatures on the precipitation structure and hardness of an Al-Cu-Sn alloy","authors":"T. K. Akopyan,&nbsp;N. V. Letyagin,&nbsp;A. A. Lukyanchuk,&nbsp;I. S. Soloviev,&nbsp;A. S. Fortuna","doi":"10.1007/s11015-026-02079-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11015-026-02079-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Elevation of the heat resistance of the precipitates for wrought heat-treatable alloys of 2xxx series at temperatures higher than 250 °C is one of the most complicated unsolved problems in physical metallurgy of aluminum alloys. The data obtained in recent years demonstrate that, for cast heat-treatable Al-Cu-Mn-Zr-based alloys, the procedure of long-term high-temperature annealing may lead, under certain conditions, to the stabilization of the precipitation structure as a result of significant segregation of the atoms of some alloying elements on the θ′/(Al) interfaces. In the present work, to study this possibility for the case of wrought alloys, we successively perform the operations of homogenization annealing and hot rolling at 450 °C with a total degree of deformation equal to 80%, solid-solution heat treatment at 535 °C/1h with quenching into water followed by aging at 250 °C and stabilizing annealing at 300 °C for 100 h for a new tin-containing alloy with the following composition (wt.%): Al‑4.9Cu‑0.5Mn‑0.14Si‑0.19Zr‑0.1Sn. The level of hardness attained in the alloy as a result of the performed operations was ~87 <i>HV</i>. The analysis of the precipitates carried out by the transmission electron microscopy method demonstrated that, in the process of high-temperature aging at 250 °C/6 h, one can observe the formation of lamellar precipitates with high density of distribution. The subsequent procedure of high-temperature stabilization annealing at 300 °C/100 h leads to a noticeable but nonuniform coarsening of the structure of precipitates. The quantitative analysis performed by the atom-probe tomography (APT) method showed that, as a result of annealing at 300 °C for 100 h, the θ′-phase crystals become saturated with Mn (0.34 ± 0.08 at.%), Si (0.64 ± 0.03 at.%), and Zr (0.04 ± 0.04 at.%). The analysis carried out by the proxigram method revealed high susceptibility of Mn and Zr to segregation on the coherent θ′/(Al) interface; moreover, the most significant role in this case was played by the highest attained concentration of Zr (~0.2 at.%).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":702,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgist","volume":"69 10","pages":"1524 - 1534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}