Metallurgist最新文献

{"title":"Obtaining copper bar graded microstructure by radial-shear and traditional drawing","authors":"I. V. Volokitina,&nbsp;A. V. Volokitin,&nbsp;G. S. Tleulesova","doi":"10.1007/s11015-025-01955-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11015-025-01955-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gradient metallic materials with nanostructured surfaces hold great potential for industrial applications due to their enhanced properties. The study investigates the effect of a new severe plastic deformation method on changing properties and forming gradient microstructures in copper bars. The technology involves a deformation of copper bars at the RSR-10/30 radial-shear rolling mill, followed by a drawing operation at the V‑I/550 M bench. The laboratory experiment was carried out at room temperature on bars with a diameter of 30 mm. It is shown that the use of radial-shear drawing (RSD) reduces the number of deformation cycles and, consequently, the repetitiveness of the technological process. In addition, increased processing capacity is achieved due to the penetration of compressive deformation across the bar cross-section.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":702,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgist","volume":"69 3","pages":"410 - 416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects of application of low-alloyed bainite class metal for sublayer formation during multilayer cladding of metallurgical equipment parts","authors":"I. V. Zorin,&nbsp;S. A. Fastov,&nbsp;V. I. Lysak,&nbsp;E. I. Storozheva,&nbsp;V. O. Kharlamov,&nbsp;A. S. Morozov","doi":"10.1007/s11015-025-01941-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11015-025-01941-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The article presents the results of studying the influence of thermal impact on structure formation during multilayer cladding of low-alloyed bainite-class metal. The structure of such metal, formed under the influence of partial recrystallization and tempering effects, is characterized by a change in the morphology of bainitic ferrite with a predominance of high-angle grain boundaries (θ &gt; 15 deg.) in the clad metal. It was found that in order to form a smooth hardness gradient while transitioning from the clad to the base metal (carbon steel), it is necessary to perform cladding under conditions that provide a rate of energy input of at least 18 kJ/cm. The conducted thermal cycling of the composition “base metal—sublayer—wear-resistant layer” has shown the potential for using the developed low-carbon low-alloyed metal as a sublayer for wear-resistant cladding of metallurgical process tools.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":702,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgist","volume":"69 2","pages":"271 - 281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cable treatment with carboxylic acids","authors":"A. V. Meshcheryakov,&nbsp;T. P. Dialektova,&nbsp;A. N. Zadiranov,&nbsp;M. Yu. Malkova,&nbsp;A. A. Gapeev,&nbsp;D. V. Russkih,&nbsp;S. V. Degtyarev","doi":"10.1007/s11015-025-01943-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11015-025-01943-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Upon reaching the end of their useful life, electrical cables with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) insulation most commonly remain in the ground, or are sent to a landfill, where they accumulate at a rate of about 70,000 tons per year. Therefore, there is an interest in recycling aluminum and copper, which requires various technological cable processing schemes to be developed. Typically, such schemes involve either mechanical stripping, or high-temperature and/or chemical treatment technologies, with the latter utilizing organic solvents (e.g., dichloroethane, acetone, diethyl ether, etc.), capable of dissolving plasticizers contained in the insulation, which leads to an unjustified waste of aluminum and copper. Besides, in combination with newly generated mechanical and flue gas waste, such schemes create an additional serious environmental burden. Therefore, there is an interest in developing an alternative and environmentally friendly cable treatment process by utilizing solutions of weak carboxylic acids (acetic and citric), as well as hot and cold water. It is also important to study the specifics of the process of efficient treatment of protective polyvinyl chloride insulation of cable scrap in weak carboxylic acids, as well as in cold and hot water. The conducted studies involve: treating cable samples in weak carboxylic acids, as well as in cold and hot water; analyzing the kinetics of the sample mass change; and determining mechanical characteristics of PVC insulation. As a result, an increase in strength of the PVC insulation depending on the percentage of swelling was experimentally established. It has been shown that the insulation can be strengthened by about 400–1200%, depending on the type of solution. The kinetics of the PVC insulation swelling was studied for various types of cables. It was shown that their swelling rate constants have fairly close values, which is indicative of a common physicochemical nature of the process of liquid absorption by insulation. A regression-correlation analysis was used to optimize the process parameters of soaking PVC insulation samples in weak carboxylic acid solutions, as well as in hot and cold water. It has been shown that by optimizing the controlled parameters, the level of strengthening of PVC insulation can be increased by 4800–5280%. The corresponding empirical dependences of the PVC insulation strengthening process were obtained in the following form: <span>(Y=upalpha _{0}cdot fleft(x_{1}right)cdot fleft(x_{2}right)cdot ldots cdot fleft(x_{n}right),)</span> where the function variables include the percentage of sample swelling; process duration; solution temperature and pH level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":702,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgist","volume":"69 2","pages":"291 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of an intermetallic layer during diffusion annealing of titanium with nickel coating","authors":"A. I. Kovtunov,&nbsp;Yu. Yu. Khokhlov,&nbsp;Yu. A. Isakov,&nbsp;L. V. Vershinin","doi":"10.1007/s11015-025-01940-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11015-025-01940-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Increasing the service life and expanding the scope of application of titanium and titanium alloy products can be achieved by forming functional coatings on their surfaces. Titanium nickelides, which are distinguished by special tribological properties, high damping capacity and corrosion-erosion resistance, can be successfully used as such coatings. A simple and effective way to produce intermetallic alloys of the titanium–nickel system on the surface of titanium products is to use a technology based on diffusion annealing of titanium with nickel coating. During this process, a nickel layer is first formed on titanium, and then transformed into a layer of titanium nickelides during annealing. The conducted studies of diffusion annealing of VT1‑0 titanium with a pre-applied 25–30 μm thick nickel–phosphorus coating made it possible to establish the effect of temperature and time on the structure, chemical and phase composition of intermetallic layers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":702,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgist","volume":"69 2","pages":"264 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Verbal description and development of a mathematical model for cooler of blast furnace slag with different particle sizes in a dry granulation process","authors":"Alexander S. Andreev,&nbsp;Nikolay N. Sinitsyn","doi":"10.1007/s11015-025-01944-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11015-025-01944-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A mathematical model based on a verbal problem statement has been developed to describe the hydraulics of a dry granulation unit for liquid blast-furnace slag in vertical coaxial channels blown with air. The model is intended for computer-based optimization of operating parameters in the cooling of hot slag granules of various particle size distributions, as part of the input data preparation for unit design.</p><p>In practical applications, vertical annular zones differing in the diameters of the falling and solidifying slag granules may form within the unit. To determine the required aerodynamic drag regime for granules of different sizes during falling, the unit is represented by coaxial vertical annular channels of different cross-sectional areas.</p><p>The hydraulic model is based on the well-known empirical Darcy–Weisbach equation. To facilitate computations, the model for optimizing the cooling air flow rates through the annular channels is formulated as a system of nonlinear equations that define the functional relationship between air flow rates and velocities in a parallel-channel configuration.</p><p>The aerodynamic drag regime for slag granules is determined based on a quick estimate of their terminal velocity, derived from classical Newtonian mechanics.</p><p>The model is exemplified by optimizing the air flow rate in the coaxial channels of the unit for a conventional slag composition containing granules of 1–1.5 mm and 2 mm in diameter.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":702,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgist","volume":"69 2","pages":"306 - 313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy-efficient end-to-end technology for rolling steel strips by eliminating negative vibrations","authors":"R. R. Adigamov,&nbsp;I. A. Kozhevnikova,&nbsp;A. V. Kozhevnikov,&nbsp;S. V. Demidov,&nbsp;V. S. Yusupov","doi":"10.1007/s11015-025-01936-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11015-025-01936-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article introduces an approach to the end-to-end design of energy-efficient deformation regimes for wide steel strips along the processing route <i>finishing train of the 2000 hot rolling mill—1700 cold rolling mill</i> at PJSC Severstal. The research demonstrates the need for additional adjustments to the deformation and speed regimes during cold rolling, specifically by setting all mill stands to operate under tension to prevent the occurrence of the negative vibrational effect termed chatter.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":702,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgist","volume":"69 2","pages":"227 - 233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of temperature of radial-shear rolling on the structure of VT3-1 alloy","authors":"Abdullah Mahmoud Alhaj Ali,&nbsp;Yu. V. Gamin,&nbsp;A. N. Khakimova,&nbsp;T. Yu. Kin,&nbsp;S. P. Galkin","doi":"10.1007/s11015-025-01939-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11015-025-01939-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The selection of optimal processing modes in the technological process enables the achievement of desired properties in titanium alloy products. Their structural and phase state significantly determines the mechanical and operational properties of the final product. This paper analyzes the influence of temperature deformation modes during radial-shear rolling of VT3‑1 titanium alloy rods. Billets with a diameter of 95 mm were rolled in 1, 3 and 5 passes at temperatures of 1060, 980 and 900 °C, respectively. The temperature of radial shear rolling, as well as the macrostructure and microstructure of the obtained rods were analyzed. Differences in the formation of macrostructure and microstructure across the cross section, as well as at the front and rare ends of the rods are shown. Analysis of the temperature changes showed that the surface temperature of the rods reached the polymorphic transformation temperature only when heated in the β‑region. It remains lower during rolling in three and five passes. The axial zone has the highest temperature, which increases during deformation and leads to the formation of a macrostructure with a grain-size number from 4 to 6. The obtained results demonstrate the possibility of controlling the structure formation in the rods by varying the technological parameters, as well as the potential of using these findings to develop digital models with further accumulation of direct experimental data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":702,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgist","volume":"69 2","pages":"252 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using neural networks to account for cross-zone interactions in metal reheating furnaces","authors":"Andrey V. Fomin,&nbsp;Nikita V. Savostin","doi":"10.1007/s11015-025-01945-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11015-025-01945-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study focuses on the development of a functional model describing cross-zone interactions within a reheating furnace used prior to rolling. Various methods for the identification of cross-zone interaction model, ranging from regression analysis to neural networks were described. A neural network model that reflects the state of the furnace zones while accounting for their mutual interactions was obtained. The overall regression coefficient (across all zones) was approximately 0.82, with individual zone coefficients ranging from 0.65 to 0.85. Cross-zone interactions were modeled, and the results were validated by expert evaluation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":702,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgist","volume":"69 2","pages":"314 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature-deformation conditions and industrial testing of NiTiNOL alloy drawing","authors":"K. Yu. Yakovleva,&nbsp;B. V. Barichko,&nbsp;M. V. Borisov","doi":"10.1007/s11015-025-01938-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11015-025-01938-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article presents the investigation of drawing parameters of wire products made of NiTiNOL alloy, followed by the pilot scale testing of the developed technology. The method of calculation of drawing parameters is based on experimental hardening curves of NiTiNOL alloy, presented in the form of graphs and formulas depending on the deformation temperature. Using the safety factor of the front end of the wire, the design routes for drawing the wire from a diameter of 7.0 to 0.12 mm were analyzed within the studied range of deformation temperatures. It is shown that the most rational for guaranteed fulfilment of non-breakage conditions during drawing of NiTiNOL alloy is a wire gauge of 7.0–4.0 mm at a deformation temperature of 650 °C. The experimental industrial drawing was carried out on a 7.0 mm diameter bar produced under industrial conditions using the <i>hot pressing → hot rolling → machining</i> technology. The hot drawing process was tested on a specially designed stand consisting of an induction heating unit, a stand with a four-roll cassette and a drawing drum, as well as a cutting machine, and an electric contact heating device to prepare the front end of the wire for drawing. The wire was drawn to a diameter of 4.0 mm under different temperature deformation conditions. On the basis of the obtained results, the dependence of the inductor power on the reduction of the cross-sectional area of the deformable wire from NiTiNOL alloy was determined. Technological directions for improving the technology were identified.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":702,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgist","volume":"69 2","pages":"245 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of hydrogen pressure and the concentration of hydrogen on the variations of the mechanical characteristics of pipe steel of K52 strength class","authors":"A. S. Tsvetkov,&nbsp;A. G. Nikolaeva,&nbsp;S. E. Dagaev,&nbsp;I. A. Simbukhov,&nbsp;S. Yu. Nastich","doi":"10.1007/s11015-025-01932-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11015-025-01932-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present the results of quantitative evaluation of the resistance to hydrogen embrittlement of a domestic K52 low-alloy pipe steel with dispersed ferrite–bainite structure. As a result of tensile tests carried out at a low strain rate (slow strain-rate tests (SSRT)) in hydrogen-containing media with the use of smooth cylindrical samples (in a high-pressure chamber), we determine the coefficients of hydrogen embrittlement for the relative elongation and contraction (δ and ψ). Plasticity indices exhibit a trend to decrease as the concentration of hydrogen in the gas mixture increases (from 15 up to 100%) under a total pressure of 10 MPa but the relative lowering of the values of properties does not exceed 6%. The variations of the ductility of steel in terms of the relative contraction, which differs from the level of statistical error, were recorded in an atmosphere of pure gaseous hydrogen as the pressure increased up to 14 MPa and their level remained as high as 10%. The coefficient of hydrogen embrittlement of the studied steel obeys the regularity established in analyzing the literature data accumulated for pipe steels (of K52 strength level). The results of investigations enable us to conclude that K52 steel with dispersed ferrite-bainite structure is characterized by a high resistance to hydrogen embrittlement in pure hydrogen under a pressure of up to 14 MPa.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":702,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgist","volume":"69 2","pages":"193 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}