农业科学与技术:B最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Browsing on the Growth of Jojoba Seedlings in the Dry-Lands of Kenya","authors":"Shadrack Kinyua Inoti","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2018.05.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2018.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"Jojoba is a desert shrub, introduced in the marginal areas of Kenya during 1980s. Jojoba domestication is being faced by browsing problems due to pastoralism in these areas. Massive browsing of leaves lowers photosynthesis leading to decline in plant functions. An experiment was set up in Maungu, with the aim of determining the effect of browsing on jojoba seedlings. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three treatments replicated three times. The treatments consisted of varying levels of browsing as follows: non browsed, 50% browsed and fully browsed. Seedlings were raised for six months before sampling. Variables assessed were: survival, height, root-collar diameter, leaf size, root length and number, internode length, sprout number, root/shoot ratio and total biomass. ANOVA was performed to determine differences among the treatments whilst significant differences among the means were separated using least significant difference (LSD) at p ≤ 0.05. Results showed fully browsed seedlings were significantly lower in height (26.2 cm), internode length (9.7 mm), leaf length (18.3 mm) and width (10.4 mm) and total fresh plant biomass (11.0 g) compared to the non browsed ones which showed 31.1 cm, 23.2, 36.1 and 16.6 mm and 17.8 g, respectively. On the other hand, fully browsed seedlings showed significantly higher root/shoot ratio. Seedling growth was negatively affected by severity of browsing which resulted in stunted growth. The study recommended that browsing of seedlings should be prevented since it hinders plant growth.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67560159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships among Bean Yield Traits in Some Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) Genotypes","authors":"Adenuga Olalekan Omotayo, Adepoju Abigail Funlayo, Olaniyi Olayinka Olufemi, Balogun Shamsudeen Tomiwa","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2018.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2018.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) produces the cocoa bean, a major foreign exchange earner for most West African countries and many smallholders’ enterprise. Ample production of cacao is however limited by declining yield among other factors. This study aimed at determining the correlations of the phenotypic traits that were related to the yield of the cacao genotypes. Nine new cacao hybrids were produced from some high-yielding parents in the research farm of Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan and evaluated from 2012 through 2014 in Owena (7°11′ N, 5°1′ E), Ondo state, Nigeria. Analysis of variance, character correlations and path coefficient analysis were used in the analysis of the relationships among the genotypes. Analysis of variance revealed significant (p ≤ 0.05) variations for number of rows, weight of beans per fruit, fresh weight of one bean, weight of one bean after fermentation, pod value, dry bean length, weight of beans (per fruit) after fermentation and pod index. The study concluded that significant genotypic and phenotypic correlations existed among some of the pairs of the fruit and bean characters with one another and with pod index, suggesting that the contribution of these characters is either positive or negative to growth and yield in the cacao genotype, and that fruit and bean traits are determinants of bean yield in cacao.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67559589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Attributes in Anthropized Hygrophilous Forest in Northern Minas Gerais State, Brazil","authors":"Maria das Dores Magalhães Veloso, Luiz Arnaldo Fernandes, Marly Antonielle de Ávila, Yule Roberta Ferreira Nunes, Leidivan Almeida Frazão","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2018.05.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2018.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"The soils of Brazilian Cerrado are characterized with high acidity and low fertility and productivity. However, these attributes are not homogeneously distributed through all phytophysiognomies of this biome, and wetland known as palm swamp or “veredas” are an exception. This study aimed to describe and compare the chemical and physical attributes of soil surface layers at six palm swamps areas under different anthropization processes in the northern region of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Soil sampling of different hydromorphic soils were collected at 0-20 cm depth layer from 100 m plots in the studied areas. The variables were compared using the GLM procedure of ANOVA using Statistica 10 software. Soil chemical attributes and similarities between the six palm swamps areas were compared using the statistical software R. Soil chemical attributes were different and soil physical attributes were similar between the evaluated areas. The similarities among the attributes were classified into three groups according to the anthropic pressures, as well as with the origin of the soil material in the six palm swamps areas evaluated. It could be concluded that soil fertility can be reduced in palm swamps that suffered greater anthropic intervention. The three similarity groups might be associated not only to the anthropic pressures, but also to the raw material of soil at the six palm swamps areas evaluated.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67559675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fortification of Pasta Using Different Plant Sources","authors":"R. Saraswathi, R. Sahul Hameed","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2018.05.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2018.05.007","url":null,"abstract":": Nowadays food industries are focused on two major factors for health and convenience during the development of breakfast food and variety of snack products, because consumers have sparked the development of convenient and nutritious food products. Pasta is one of the easiest and most versatile food products consumed today. Pasta usually made from durum semolina which is hard grain wheat flour that is high in protein but lack of other nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and fibre. Recently, pasta products has developed into improve the nutritional quality by the addition of other ingredients like pulses, vegetable and fruit extracts which is help to get the nutritional well being of the consumers. One of the solutions for this is the incorporation of millet flour, pulse flour and plantain flour which were addition or replacement of durum wheat semolina to formulate healthy pasta. Hence the objective of study was aimed to develop multigrain nutrient dense pasta products prepared from composite mixture such as durum semolina, millets (barnyard millet ( Echinochloa utilis ), kodo millet ( Paspalum setaceum ) and little millet ( Panicum sumatrense ), pulses (peas ( Pisum sativum L.) and lentil ( Lens culinaris )) and vegetable (plantain flours ( Musa paradisiaca )) at different proportions. It contains durum semolina flour, millet and pulse blend flour (millet flour blends (flours of barnyard millet, kodo millet, little millet mixed at ratio 1:1:1) and pulse flour blends (flours of peas and lentil mixed at ratio 1:1) both millet and pulse blends were mixed at ratio 1:1) and plantain flour. All the three flours samples were mixed at 70:15:15 percent for formulae 1, 55:30:15 percent for formulae 2 and 40:45:15 percent for formulae 3. Durum semolina (100%) was used as control. For 15% of plantain flour addition to millet pulse blend flour increase the nutritional content of flour due to which is more fiber content. Then composite mixture of formulae and control were analyzed the nutritional properties of such as moisture (%), energy (kcal), carbohydrate (g), protein (g), fat (g), crude fibre (g), ash (%) and minerals content were evaluated by standard procedures. Further pasta developed from composite mixtures of formulae and assessed its shelf life were also evaluated. The results showed that the composite flours of moisture content (7.8% to 8.2%), energy (363.3 kcal to 365.6 kcal), carbohydrate (78.4 g to 81.3 g), protein (9.4 g to 11.7 g), fat (0.1 g to 0.3 g), ash (0.72% to 1.38%) and crude fiber content (7.88 g to 14.06 g). These findings revealed that composite flour formulae of protein, ash, crude fiber content and calcium, iron, copper, zinc content were higher than control. While manganese content of all composite mixture and formulae 2 of calcium content was also lower than control. Therefore, three composite mixtures of formulae could be used to produce good quality of pasta products. Among the composite mixture, formulae1 was high score (8","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67560243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophytic Fungi from Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench: Influence of Genotypes and Crop Systems and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity","authors":"Ruth Terezinha Rodrigues, Márcia Marília de Souza Silva, Douglas Moreira de Oliveira, Josimar Bento Simplício, Cynthia Maria Carneiro Costa, Virginia Medeiros de Siqueira","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2018.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2018.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"Endophytic fungi (EF) colonize plant tissues without causing damage; this relationship brings benefits to both, including a greater resistance to environmental stresses, but the influence of genotypes and culture system in endophytic community is still unraveled. Thus, this work aimed to study EF from Sorghum bicolor and correlate to its genotypes submitted to different culture systems; their potential to produce antimicrobial compounds was also evaluated. To optimize the production of metabolites, four isolates were submitted to liquid medium and the crude extracts of different culture times were analyzed. EF of leaves of Qualimax and SF15 genotypes were isolated after superficial disinfection. Fungal identification was made using classical taxonomy. As results, the traditional system presented the lowest number EF isolates, while the minimum system showed the highest. The genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Curvularia and Syncephalastrum were found; Aspergillus spp. was pointed out as a predominant endophyte of genotype Qualimax. Among the 25 endophytes submitted antimicrobial activity assay in solid medium, 21 presented antibacterial activity against at least one bacterium with the highest inhibition zone of 29.3 mm of diameter against Staphylococcus aureus. All EF submitted to liquid medium kept the capacity to produce antibacterial metabolites. In conclusion, regardless of genotype and culture system, sorghum is colonized by different EF, mainly Aspergillus spp. EF from leaves of S. bicolor produce antibacterial compounds and their biotechnological applications can be explored in future.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67559446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of PEG Priming and Fungicide Treatment on Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Seed Germination","authors":"In-Sok Lee, Chan-Ho Kang, Suk-Ju Kwon, Young-Eun Na","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2018.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2018.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted in the Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Korea from February to June 2017, to study the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the germination of kenaf seeds variety ‘Jangdae’, which treated with seven PEG concentrations (0%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40%) for 24 h at 20 °C in the dark, and evaluate the effect of fungicide on surging kenaf seed germination in the field. Results showed that the critical concentration rate needed to hasten germination based on germination percentage, times to reach 50% of the final germination rate (T50) and mean no. of days to germination (MDG) is using 10% PEG. A maximum germination rate of 83.8% using hydro-priming (HP) (seed treated with HP) was observed during the first 12 h of treatment. The control’s (Jangdae seed) germination increased sharply and reached a maximum germination rate of 53.2% on the 21st day in the field. After 21 d, germination of all priming treatments ranged from 13.8% to 26.3%. The palisade layer (PAL) after priming treatment was more damaged than that of the control. Also, a significant difference on the acid level between the control and PEG priming treatment (p < 0.05) was observed. It was also found out that seed modifications after priming could affect in the field. A fungicide called “Tiram” was used after priming to help kenaf seeds decrease T50 and MDG, and increase germination percentage. Results showed that application of fungicide after priming optimizes seed germination and vigor. Therefore, it is recommended to invigorate the kenaf seed before planting.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":"280 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67559657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Irrigation Water Salinity on Germination and Seedling Growth of Egyptian Barley Cultivars","authors":"Farid Hellal, Ahmad Amer, Kadria EL Azab, Raafat Zewainy","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2018.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2018.05.003","url":null,"abstract":": The aim of this research was to assess the influence of saline irrigation water which prepared to obtain salt stress of 0.31, 3.21, 5.74, 8.28 and 12.86 dS/m on seed germination, and early seedling growth of 10 cultivars (Giza 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 129, 130, 134, 135 and 2000) of Egyptian barley grown in clay loam soil. Germination was tested in germination cups filled with clay loam soil moistened with different concentrations of saline water, in the growth chambers condition. Results indicated that, the highest values of germinated seeds were recorded mainly at fresh water (0.31 dS/m) at all germination periods. Also, the maximum values were recorded at investigated barley cultivars Giza 126, 127 and 2000 for three studied periods (3, 5 and 7 d), while Giza 129, 130 and 135 got the same trend where the highest values for germinated seeds attained at the 5 d, 7 d and at 3 d were 9.5 seeds, respectively. Barley cultivar Giza 126 had significantly higher root length (4.07 cm), shoot length (11.75 cm), root fresh weight (48.2 mg), shoot fresh weight (101.1 mg), root dry weight (7.1 mg), shoot dry weight (6.6 mg) and seedling vigor index (13.44). The 6 kDa protein bands had the same increasing after salt stress in cultivars Giza 123, 127, 129, 134 and 135. Barley cultivars in clay soil can be classified into barley cultivars Giza 126, 127 and 2000 as highly tolerance and barley cultivar Giza 129, 123 and 127 as moderately tolerance and the rest is less.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67559779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Quality of Landrace Varieties Cultivated in Traditional Communities in the State of Maranhão, Brazil","authors":"D. Santos, G. E. D. Marques, V. Loch, R. A. Muniz, A. E. Rocha, Juliane Cutrim Marques","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2018.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2018.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to analyze the chemical composition of landrace seeds of rice, maize and cassava grown in traditional communities in the state of Maranhão. The sample collection was based on the description of the farmers for identification of varieties of plants, based on protein content, lipids, carbohydrates and mineral through Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods. Landrace seeds of nine maize cultivars, 13 rice and 40 cassava, with differences in centesimal composition in all varieties were analyzed. For maize landrace seeds the lipid values, carbohydrates and ash are in the average for the species. The protein contents and ash to the surveyed rice varieties were high, while the levels of lipids and carbohydrates are within average in relation to conventional varieties. The results obtained for cassava showed high percentages of protein, with a significant level for the feeding of the people of the community who consume their byproducts. Thus, differences in the chemical composition of the varieties studied showed the interference of genotype, management and environmental factors in their chemical and physiological quality, reinforcing the importance of the study of creole varieties for the development of new germplasm and for the guarantee of food sovereignty of traditional communities.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43199940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microorganism Selection and Determination of Mixing Ratio of Selected Strains in the “Chao” Production","authors":"Tran Thi Man, D. Thinh","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2018.04.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2018.04.007","url":null,"abstract":": The paper presents the research for the purpose of selecting microorganisms into the production process of “chao” to improve the quality of “chao” products and ensure food safety. Several analytical methods such as determination of formol nitrogen, determination of the protease hydrolysis activity, sensory evaluation method, experimental procedure, methods of analysis and processing of empirical data were used in this study. The findings showed that two out of four selected microorganism strains (one strain of fungi and three strains of bacteria denoted NM1, VK1, VK2, VK3, respectively) were the most appropriate for the cooperation among them and the production of “chao”, which were coded NM1 and VK1. The suitable mixing proportion of strains of NM1 and VK1 was determined at 1:1.25, compatible with the 1:100 ratio of the varieties of microorganisms (in powder form) to tofu.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46461969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Live Fish through the Moiré Technique","authors":"A. J. Silva, Juliana A. Fracarolli, Fernanda Fernandes Adimari Pavarin, Kátia Cristina Suzigan, Thais Q. Z. Cesar, I. Fabbro","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2018.04.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2018.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, in fish farms, the controls of the physical characteristics of the fishes, for example, size and mass are made by means of the operation of fish removal, in which the tanks are emptied to capture the animals and perform the biometry. This operation demands large volumes of water and generates effluent containing high concentrations of organic matter and nutrients that can contribute to the deterioration of water quality in the recipient bodies. Therefore, the development of technologies that use digital image processing, such as the moiré technique and image analysis, can be important allies for the preservation of environmental quality by avoiding the fish removal and the discharge of effluents, increasing productivity due to optimization of the time and still the saving of water. To obtain the images a 9-liter glass aquarium, a support for notebook and light projector, a digital camera brand Samsung Galaxy Camera 2 were used. The objective of this work was to obtain the three-dimensional reconstruction of live fish in aquariums. In the future, the technique can be developed to obtain the mass and the volume of the fish in fish tanks, replacing the fish removal, allowing the preservation of water resources.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44857069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}