ACS Applied Nano Materials最新文献

{"title":"Nanostructured Carbon Materials Derived from Lignin via Flame-Induced Oxidation for Supercapacitors","authors":"Zhong Dai,&nbsp;Yin Ma,&nbsp;Yuchun Li,&nbsp;Yazeng Zhang,&nbsp;Guan-Ying Wang,&nbsp;Yi Luo,&nbsp;Lei Pu*,&nbsp;Dechao Chen* and Qin Li,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.4c0451710.1021/acsanm.4c04517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c04517https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c04517","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The development of high-performance, low-cost supercapacitors holds significant importance for the use of renewable energy. However, enhancing their energy density without compromising their inherent properties remains a formidable challenge. In this study, the method of flame-induced oxidation is introduced to enhance the wettability and porosity of lignin-based carbon nanomaterial. The results of FTIR, XRD, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the effectiveness of flame-induced oxidation. The finally obtained carbon nanomaterial possesses a specific surface area of 497.84 m² g^–1 and abundant heteroatom content (O: 7.3%, N: 6.9%, and S: 1.5%). As a result, the assembled supercapacitors demonstrated an energy density of 26.45 W h kg^–1 at a power density of 800 W kg^–1. The Trasatti method and ion diffusion analysis reveal that the outstanding energy storage properties are attributed to the synergistic effect of enriched heteroatom content and developed nanopore structure. This work introduces an approach for designing carbon material with appropriate pore size and heteroatom content to develop high-performance supercapacitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"7 23","pages":"26743–26755 26743–26755"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142843396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nickel Sulfide/Graphene Composites for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption","authors":"Chuanhe Wang,&nbsp;Yani Zhang,&nbsp;Weiao Kong,&nbsp;Gen Li,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Xue,&nbsp;Shoubing Wang,&nbsp;Zhidong Liu,&nbsp;Huanian Zhang,&nbsp;Liping Guo*,&nbsp;Min Zhang and Shugang Tan*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.4c0515710.1021/acsanm.4c05157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c05157https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c05157","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this work, heterogeneous nickel sulfide/graphene composites were prepared by a simple solvent-thermal method. Composite graphene with excellent electrical conductivity and heterogeneous nickel sulfide can significantly improve its electromagnetic wave absorption performance. A systematic analysis of the effect of the mass ratio of graphene to heterogeneous nickel sulfide on the electromagnetic wave absorption performance. The introduction of graphene resulted in a heterogeneous interface, enhanced both interface and dipole polarizations, and consequently improved the electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the sample. When the mass ratio of heterogeneous nickel sulfide/graphene is 7:1, the minimum reflection loss value of the composite material is −41.8 dB at a thickness of 2.5 mm. In addition, With the thickness adjusted to 1.4 mm, the relative effective absorption bandwidth is 3.84 GHz. The resulting nickel sulfide/graphene heterogeneous composites are characterized by high absorption capacity, thin thickness, and light weight under the synergistic effect of multiple loss mechanisms, which is a promising electromagnetic wave absorbing material.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"7 23","pages":"27124–27133 27124–27133"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142843474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pea Protein Isolate-Based Nanofibers for Delivery of Clotrimazole","authors":"Kleopatra Kalouta,&nbsp;Mai Bay Stie,&nbsp;Valeria Vetri and Vito Foderà*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.4c0598910.1021/acsanm.4c05989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c05989https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c05989","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A large part of the global population, including both immunocompromised and healthy individuals, suffers from fungal infections. The majority of current drug candidates for treating fungal infections exhibit poor water solubility, which hampers their permeability through biological barriers and limits their bioavailability. Here, we fabricated pea protein isolate (PPI)/poly(ethylene oxide) nanofibers (PPI/PEO nanofibers), with a high protein content [65% (w/w)] by waterborne electrospinning as an eco-friendly drug delivery system. X-ray diffraction results demonstrated that the solid-state properties of the individual components (PPI and PEO) were retained in the PPI/PEO nanofibers. We then encapsulated the poorly water-soluble drug, clotrimazole (CTZ), in the nanofibers (PPI/PEO/CTZ nanofibers), without heat treatment and/or use of an organic solvent or surfactant to presolubilize CTZ, generating an antifungal delivery system for topical administration. An <i>in vitro</i> study demonstrated that CTZ was successfully loaded in and released from the nanofibers. Additionally, the nanofibers were not toxic to HeLa cells. Finally, based on an antifungal disc agar diffusion study, CTZ-loaded nanofibers were shown to be effective against <i>Candida albicans</i>. The overall results demonstrate the potential of PPI-based nanofibers as a green platform for the generation of CTZ-loaded efficient drug delivery systems for antifungal treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"7 23","pages":"27736–27744 27736–27744"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142843661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium Alginate/TiO2 Bilayer Material Multiphase Photocatalytic Degradation of Seawater Pollutants and Synergistic Seawater Evaporation","authors":"Chen Zhu,&nbsp;Xinyu Xiao,&nbsp;Xing Wang,&nbsp;Zihao Ma* and Ying Han*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.4c0528410.1021/acsanm.4c05284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c05284https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c05284","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Solar Interfacial Evaporation (SIE), which relies solely on solar energy, reduces heat loss by concentrating heat at the water–air interface, making it an ideal approach for solar-driven seawater desalination and wastewater purification. Recently, biomass-based carbon materials have become prominent SIE materials for seawater desalination due to their abundant sources, excellent thermal stability, high specific surface area, and rich internal pore structures. In this work, a porous composite material was developed by cross-linking alginate and cellulose with calcium chloride, followed by loading TiO₂ onto the material’s surface to create a composite with a hydrophilic transport layer and a hydrophobic evaporation layer (SAC/CTi). This material enables efficient water recovery via solar evaporation of seawater and wastewater purification through a three-phase photocatalysis. Under 0.25 W/cm² illumination, the surface temperature of the sample can reach 192 °C within 3 min. During light-induced evaporation, the layered structure retains water between the hydrophilic transport and hydrophobic layers, balancing the water supply and evaporation. The spherical design of the evaporator maintains a high photothermal conversion efficiency from different angles. When light is incident vertically, the evaporator achieves a peak seawater evaporation rate of 1.7 kg/(m²·h). Additionally, the double-layer evaporator demonstrates a strong photocatalytic performance, acid–base resistance, and effective pollutant purification while evaporating seawater. SAC/CTi holds significant potential for applications in seawater desalination, water pollution treatment, and broader environmental remediation processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"7 23","pages":"27287–27298 27287–27298"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amphiphilic Dendrimer-Based Self-Assembled Nanodrug for Responsive Drug Delivery and Chemotherapy","authors":"Mei Cong,&nbsp;Guangxing Xie,&nbsp;Bingjie Wang,&nbsp;Qian Liu,&nbsp;Hao Sun,&nbsp;Shaoyou Yang,&nbsp;Feifei Li,&nbsp;Yongguang Zhang,&nbsp;Ranxu Liu and Weidong Zhao*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.4c0539010.1021/acsanm.4c05390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c05390https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c05390","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Chemotherapy continues to be a mainstay of cancer therapy. However, the anticancer efficacy of chemotherapy drugs is greatly restricted by their side effects and resistance. Nanotechnology-based combination therapy is expected to improve chemotherapy by enhancing anticancer drug efficacy, reducing drug toxicity, and overcoming drug resistance. In this study, we developed an original nanoprodrug based on an ibuprofen-modified amphiphilic dendrimer (AIP), which could self-assemble into nanoparticles to codeliver the anticancer agent doxorubicin. Owing to the protonation of amine units in amphiphilic dendrimers, the resulting nanosystem (AIP@DOX) could control the pH-stimulated release of loaded cargos in the acidic tumor microenvironment. Importantly, AIP@DOX not only significantly facilitated the cellular uptake and retention of doxorubicin but also notably decreased the drug efflux to combat drug resistance, both of which contribute to enhanced drug potency. Moreover, the high selectivity of AIP@DOX obviously reduced doxorubicin-based toxicity and markedly prolonged the survival of the mice. Benefiting from the advantageous features of both combination therapy and nanotechnology-based drug delivery, this chemo/anti-inflammatory combination nanosystem constitutes a potent therapeutic candidate for cancer treatment. This study also highlights the promise of self-assembling amphiphilic dendrimer-based vesicles for drug delivery in combination therapy to enhance drug potency.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"7 23","pages":"27365–27376 27365–27376"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142843717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bead-Structured Triple-Doped Carbon Nanocage/Carbon Nanofiber Composite as a Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst for Zn–Air Batteries","authors":"Qing Wang,&nbsp;Yige Zhao*,&nbsp;Bo Zhang,&nbsp;Yukun Li,&nbsp;Xiang Li,&nbsp;Guosheng Shao and Peng Zhang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.4c0538510.1021/acsanm.4c05385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c05385https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c05385","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-derived metal–nitrogen carbon (M–N–C) materials are considered as promising electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) applied in rechargeable zinc–air batteries (ZABs). However, due to their unsatisfied conductivity and aggregation, appropriate regulations about structure and components are still necessary to achieve superior bifunctional performance. Herein, by simple ion exchange and one-step electrospinning method, a beaded composite electrocatalyst (Fe, Co–N–C/CNF) with Fe, Co, N codoped carbon nanocages uniformly embedded in the carbon nanofibers one by one was synthesized, achieving simultaneous structural and compositional regulation. Benefiting from the beaded-like structure and dual sites, the Fe, Co–N–C/CNF exhibits outstanding bifunctional catalytic performance for the ORR and the OER. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) reveals that Fe, Co–N–C/CNF has a low electron transfer barrier between active centers and the ORR (OER) intermediates, ultimately accelerating the reaction kinetics. In addition, the Fe, Co–N–C/CNF-based ZAB also demonstrates superior charge–discharge performance compared to the Pt/C-RuO₂-based ZAB. This study not only offers an effective structural design strategy but also provides a component regulation method for ZIF-derived materials as bifunctional electrocatalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"7 23","pages":"27377–27386 27377–27386"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142843718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic Feature Modification of Ni and Co Free Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticles by Vanadium Introduction for Water Oxidation","authors":"Baghendra Singh*,&nbsp;Neetu Verma,&nbsp;Pragya Arora and Apparao Draksharapu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.4c0503310.1021/acsanm.4c05033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c05033https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c05033","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Electrocatalytic water splitting has emerged as an innovative technique for producing green hydrogen fuel. In this regard, a series of electrocatalysts based on Ni and Co have been investigated for improved oxygen evolution activity. However, the reliance on Ni and Co constraints the development of cost-effective electrocatalysts and presents challenges for advancing innovation in this field. In this work, we developed Ni- and Co-free VFe-MOF nanoparticles exhibiting remarkable electrocatalytic performance for electrocatalytic water oxidation. Spectroscopic analysis revealed that the V-introduction induced easier access to high valent Fe³⁺ due to its electronic withdrawing nature altering the electronic features of the Fe-MOF. Easier access of Fe³⁺ led to the accessible O–O bond formation, boosting the catalytic reactivity. Consequently, VFe-MOF nanoparticles achieved superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity, surpassing the performance of CoFe- and NiFe-MOF counterparts. It demonstrated a notably low overpotential of 220 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^–2, outperforming Fe-MOF, CoFe-MOF, and NiFe-MOF. The incorporation of high-valent vanadium significantly enhanced the electronic properties of the Fe-MOF, accelerating OER kinetics and increasing the number of reactive sites and surface area, which collectively boosted catalytic performance. Additionally, the VFe-MOF achieved a high faradaic efficiency (FE) of 97.6% for OER, reflecting its intrinsic catalytic efficacy. Postcatalytic analysis indicated that VFe-MOF undergoes electrochemical reconstruction into an active Fe(O)OH phase, which serves as the true active species for OER.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"7 23","pages":"27064–27070 27064–27070"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142843662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-Blocked Immune Checkpoint-Engineered Nanocarriers Combined with Photodynamic Therapy To Enhance Immunotherapy of Breast Cancer","authors":"Jie Li,&nbsp;Yufeng Gu,&nbsp;Wenwen Sun,&nbsp;Baoyu Wen,&nbsp;Bin Li,&nbsp;Jie Liu,&nbsp;Zhihong Sun,&nbsp;Qi Zhao* and Chengming Sun*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.4c0546510.1021/acsanm.4c05465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c05465https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c05465","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses a significant challenge owing to its complex pathological features and treatment resistance. In recent years, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has shown satisfactory results in the treatment of TNBC. ICB therapy targeting T cells’ inhibitory receptors and innate immune checkpoints has gradually become a research hotspot. However, a study has found that compared with single immune checkpoint inhibition, dual ICB has a more significant therapeutic effect. This study aimed to develop an engineered nanocarrier, aLS@VpNPs, loaded with the photosensitizer verteporfin and coated with TNBC cell membranes loaded with antilymphocyte activation gene-3 (anti-LAG3) and sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 10 (Siglec10) proteins for delivering combination therapies. The biomimetic vector can mimic the surface characteristics of tumor cells, showing better biocompatibility and efficient tumor-targeting ability. Under photodynamic therapy (PDT), reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated at the tumor site to directly kill cancer cells and induce immunogenic cell death, transforming “cold tumors” into “hot tumors” and further enhancing the efficacy of dual ICB targeting T cells and macrophages. In summary, this approach improves drug delivery efficiency and therapeutic precision and activates the host immune system through the synergistic mechanisms of PDT and ICB. In addition, the study reveals potential mechanisms for the combined therapy in modulating the tumor microenvironment, offering effective strategies and directions for TNBC treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"7 23","pages":"27476–27488 27476–27488"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142850551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AC Magnetometry Using Nano-ferrofluid Cladded Multimode Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensors for Power Grid Monitoring Applications","authors":"Dolendra Karki*,&nbsp;Tulika Khanikar,&nbsp;Suraj V. Mullurkara,&nbsp;Khurram Naeem,&nbsp;Jun Young Hong and Paul Ohodnicki,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.4c0491210.1021/acsanm.4c04912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c04912https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c04912","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The AC magnetic field response of the superparamagnetic nano-ferrofluid is an interplay between the Neel and Brownian relaxation processes and is generally quantified via the susceptibility measurements at high frequencies. The high frequency limit is dictated by these relaxation times which need to be shorter than the time scale of the time varying magnetic field for the nano-ferrofluid to be considered in an equilibrium state at each time instant. Even though the high frequency response of ferrofluid has been extensively investigated for frequencies up to GHz range by non-optical methods, harnessing dynamic response by optical means for AC magnetic field sensing in fiber-optic-based sensors-field remains unexplored. Instead, the incorporation of nano-ferrofluid as sensing materials has been only limited to DC magnetic field sensing, often citing their long response time as a limiting factor to AC field sensing. This work reports the finding of high frequency (up to 15 kHz) AC magnetic field sensing capability of nanomagnetic fluid as the cladding material of a fiber-optic multimode interferometry (MMI) structure optimized for the fourth self-imaging spectral response. The key parameter enabling high frequency response is the short response time (&lt;1 ms) achieved by optimizing both the sensing structure and nano-ferrofluid solution. Focus has been imparted on 60 Hz line-frequency profiles of various current/magnetic fields to test the efficacy of these sensors in metering and monitoring current and current-induced magnetic fields in the electrical power grid systems. The magnetic field sensitivity of 240 mV/Gauss per dBm of transmitted power was achieved for 60 Hz field applied via Helmholtz coil, whereas the 60 Hz AC current sensitivity of 2.83 mV/A was measured due to magnetic field induced by current in a straight conducting wire.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"7 23","pages":"26894–26906 26894–26906"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsanm.4c04912","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142850989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AC Magnetometry Using Nano-ferrofluid Cladded Multimode Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensors for Power Grid Monitoring Applications.","authors":"Dolendra Karki, Tulika Khanikar, Suraj V Mullurkara, Khurram Naeem, Jun Young Hong, Paul Ohodnicki","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.4c04912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c04912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The AC magnetic field response of the superparamagnetic nano-ferrofluid is an interplay between the Neel and Brownian relaxation processes and is generally quantified via the susceptibility measurements at high frequencies. The high frequency limit is dictated by these relaxation times which need to be shorter than the time scale of the time varying magnetic field for the nano-ferrofluid to be considered in an equilibrium state at each time instant. Even though the high frequency response of ferrofluid has been extensively investigated for frequencies up to GHz range by non-optical methods, harnessing dynamic response by optical means for AC magnetic field sensing in fiber-optic-based sensors-field remains unexplored. Instead, the incorporation of nano-ferrofluid as sensing materials has been only limited to DC magnetic field sensing, often citing their long response time as a limiting factor to AC field sensing. This work reports the finding of high frequency (up to 15 kHz) AC magnetic field sensing capability of nanomagnetic fluid as the cladding material of a fiber-optic multimode interferometry (MMI) structure optimized for the fourth self-imaging spectral response. The key parameter enabling high frequency response is the short response time (<1 ms) achieved by optimizing both the sensing structure and nano-ferrofluid solution. Focus has been imparted on 60 Hz line-frequency profiles of various current/magnetic fields to test the efficacy of these sensors in metering and monitoring current and current-induced magnetic fields in the electrical power grid systems. The magnetic field sensitivity of 240 mV/Gauss per dBm of transmitted power was achieved for 60 Hz field applied via Helmholtz coil, whereas the 60 Hz AC current sensitivity of 2.83 mV/A was measured due to magnetic field induced by current in a straight conducting wire.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"7 23","pages":"26894-26906"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11650606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}