Acta Geophysica最新文献

{"title":"Joint inversion of ambient noise surface wave and gravity data with variation of information coupling","authors":"Zhanjie Shi,&nbsp;Chao Wang,&nbsp;Xinxin He,&nbsp;Tengjiao Du","doi":"10.1007/s11600-025-01644-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11600-025-01644-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Joint inversion of surface wave and gravity data can reduce the non-uniqueness of individual inversion and has been applied in research on the Earth’s crust and lithospheric mantle. At present, direct parameter coupling, which requires specifying a functional relationship between shear wave (S-wave) velocity and density, is primarily used; however, it can result in spurious features when the models violate the parameter relationship. Moreover, an appropriate velocity–density function is difficult to derive, and a single physical property relationship may not be suitable for all regions. We present a new joint inversion algorithm for ambient noise surface wave and gravity data, using variation of information (VI) coupling which measures the amount of information one variable contained in another variable based on information theory. The correlation between S-wave velocity and density models is established with a one-to-one relationship with VI. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified using synthetic and field data. The synthetic data analysis results indicate that density anomalies are accurately captured by joint inversion, whereas they are hardly captured by individual inversion. S-wave velocity models obtained by joint inversion are more accurate than those obtained by individual inversion. The fitting parameter relationship of the joint inversion models is closer to the true model than that of individual inversion. In the field case of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, the S-wave velocity model of joint inversion has a higher resolution than that of separate inversion. The density model obtained by joint inversion clearly reveals crustal structures, which are severely distorted in the individual inversion model. Joint inversion with VI coupling is an effective and valuable approach for inverting surface wave and gravity data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6988,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geophysica","volume":"73 5","pages":"3943 - 3961"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability evaluation of goaf in closed mining area: a case study of Sanhejian closed mining area in Jiangsu Province, China","authors":"Zhanghao Shi,&nbsp;Weiqiang Zhang,&nbsp;Fengming Zhang,&nbsp;Yue Luo,&nbsp;Shangbin Chen,&nbsp;Shuyun Zhu,&nbsp;Yun Wu","doi":"10.1007/s11600-025-01633-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11600-025-01633-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The stability of goaf is one of the decisive conditions for the redevelopment and utilization of underground spaces after mine closure. This paper focuses on the closed coal mine of Sanhejian in Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China, and proposes a refined classification method for the stability of goaf by integrating numerical simulation and theoretical calculations. Initially, a three-dimensional geological model of the goaf is constructed. Based on field surveys and laboratory tests, a numerical model is established to simulate and obtain the distribution characteristics of stress, deformation, and plastic zones within the goaf. According to the simulation results, classification criteria are set, and the stability of the goaf is evaluated based on its current mechanical and damage characteristics. It is found that the stability of goafs numbered 2, 8, 10, and 12 is the best, while that of goafs numbered 5, 7, and 14 is the worst. Next, eight evaluation indicators were selected from engineering geological factors, mining factors, and hydrogeological factors, including the complexity of geological structures, the lithology and thickness of the roof and floor, in situ stress, the time since mining cessation, the ratio of mining depth to thickness, mining width, mining area, and the volume of water accumulated in the goaf. The weights of these evaluation indicators were calculated using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Based on the constructed vulnerability index model, the vulnerability index of each goaf was calculated, and the theoretical stability of the goafs was classified accordingly. It was found that the stability of goafs numbered 1, 2, 8, 10, and 12 is the best, while that of goafs numbered 5, 7, 9, and 14 is the worst. For goafs where the stability levels differ between the two methods, the classification is based on the lower stability level. Among the goafs with consistent evaluation results, priority is given to those with more favorable development conditions. The research findings not only integrate the investigated geological environment and mining techniques, but also capture mechanical characteristics such as stress, deformation, and plastic zones that were not monitored post-closure. This makes the evaluation results more precise and scientific.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6988,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geophysica","volume":"73 5","pages":"4305 - 4321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-adapting deflection contact effect for rock fracture deformation","authors":"Haichun Ma,&nbsp;Yanan Wang,&nbsp;Yang Xu,&nbsp;Jiazhong Qian,&nbsp;Yaping Deng","doi":"10.1007/s11600-025-01646-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11600-025-01646-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rock mass fracture is the key position for engineering stability and underground material transport. Contact deformation occurs under stress, and the traditional calculation method is relative vertical contact (RVC), which does not consider the rotation effect before contact. For surface contact without bottom control, self-adapting deflection contact (SDC) is proposed as a theoretical model for the analysis of fracture surface contact deformation. Considering with the rotation effect, the initial contact point of the fracture will be changed from one point to more points, the initial average aperture size will decrease, and the initial deformation modulus will increase. Under stress, based on the theory of boundary element method (BEM) computation, the SDC contact point will increase, the average contact pressure will decrease, and the average aperture is larger for SDC. Based on Reynolds Equation, the streamline, flow ratio, and seepage pressures are contrasted in both modes. At the same external load and water injection pressure, the fracture has better permeability for SDC. The above SDC mode describes the fracture contact deformation more truly, which is of important theoretical significance for the accurate description of the formation fracture change and the transport of matter.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6988,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geophysica","volume":"73 5","pages":"3963 - 3972"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the October 16, 2024 MW 5.9 Kale (Malatya) earthquake in relation to the February 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence and local tectonic dynamics","authors":"Mustafa Senkaya,&nbsp;Hamdi Alkan,&nbsp;Serkan Öztürk,&nbsp;Aydın Büyüksaraç","doi":"10.1007/s11600-025-01622-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11600-025-01622-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The 6 February 2023 Mw 7.7–7.6 Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence has significantly impacted the East Anatolian Fault zone, including the city of Malatya and its immediate surroundings. In addition to the aftershocks of February 2023, the Mw 5.9 Kale earthquake that occurred on October 16, 2024, further underscores the ongoing seismic activity in the region. This study analyzes the distribution of <i>b</i>-values derived from a comprehensive dataset comprising 14,549 earthquakes and the Coulomb stress variations associated with the aftershocks of the February 2023 sequence and the Kale earthquake. The primary objective of this analysis is to enhance the understanding of the tectonic setting that contributed to the occurrence of the Kale earthquake. The findings indicate that the low <i>b</i>-values and stress transfer through the Pütürge segment toward the unnamed fault near Kale are significant contributing factors to the occurrence of the Kale earthquake. Additionally, positive stress variations from Doğanşehir to Malatya’s city center suggest a potential fault oriented toward the city center that may increase the current earthquake hazard. Furthermore, the distribution of seismic events around Malatya suggests a possible barrier supported by previous magnetic data analysis between Malatya and Kale. Lastly, the observed stress variations for the Kale earthquake indicate the likelihood of upcoming seismic events in both the northeast and southwest directions of the Kale.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6988,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geophysica","volume":"73 5","pages":"3923 - 3942"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11600-025-01622-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144894068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of crustal stress, fractal dimension, beta value and strain rate distribution before the mainshock of the Nepal earthquake, 2015, Mw7.8: a case study of Nepal Himalaya region","authors":"Saroj Kumar Mondal,&nbsp;Paresh Nath Singha Roy","doi":"10.1007/s11600-025-01601-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11600-025-01601-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>On April 25, 2015, an earthquake of magnitude Mw 7.8 occurred in Nepal, revealing that the main shock occurred in a region with high crustal stress. Our analysis of the Nepal Himalaya region shows that it can be divided into two blocks based on comparative low and high b values. We found that the main shock ruptured in the eastern Nepal Himalayan region, where the crustal stress was higher than that in the western Nepal Himalayan region. The temporal variation of the b value in the region shows that from 2005 to 2015, lower b values, ranging from 0.88 ± 0.08 to 1.11 (± 0.11), were predominant. This indicates a buildup of higher crustal stress compared to the period before 2004 when b values ranged from 1.05 (± 0.10) to 1.56 (± 0.15). In addition, we observed that the eastern block region is associated with a low fractal correlation dimension (Dc) value of 1.33, which implies that the region is comparatively more stressed than the western block with a Dc value of 1.57. We analyzed the seismicity rate change in the two blocks to identify precursory signals. The beta value over time showed variations in seismicity rate change for the western and eastern blocks. A decrease in the beta value from 2003 to 2015 corresponds with a reduction in the b value, indicating a positive correlation in the eastern Nepal region during this time period. We further analyzed the geodetic measurements for the geodynamic processes occurring in the tectonic collision zone between the Eurasian and Indian plates in this part of Nepal Himalaya. The result indicates that the high shear strain rate is reaching up to about 65 nanostrains per year. The occurrence of the main event between the two high strain rate regions and in the high crustal stress area is noteworthy. Seismicity analysis and geodetic-based crustal motion monitoring are observed to be very helpful tools for estimating precursory signals of this large earthquake.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6988,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geophysica","volume":"73 5","pages":"3909 - 3921"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144894063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reverse time migration and least squares reverse time migration imaging of linear slip fault media","authors":"Kang Wang,&nbsp;Renqi Lu,&nbsp;Zihe Xu,&nbsp;Jing Yang","doi":"10.1007/s11600-025-01620-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11600-025-01620-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Elastic wave reverse time migration (RTM) and least squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) are reliable methods for imaging subsurface geological structures. However, existing methods based on RTM and LSRTM do not apply to linear slip fault interfaces. Therefore, developing a mathematical approach for imaging linear slip fault interfaces is necessary. Linear slip interfaces consider the shape of the interface and can be used to simulate fault interfaces. In this study, we combined the linear slip theory with RTM techniques and proposed an improved RTM and LSRTM imaging method for fault media. Initially, based on the explicit wave equation for fault media, we used a rotated staggered grid to obtain the forward propagation expression for fault media. This can provide a more accurate elastic wave numerical simulation. Using the adjoint state method, we derived an adjoint equation for fault media and a gradient expression of the Lamé coefficient and density parameters. This allowed the use of RTM and LSRTM techniques for obtaining images of the fault media. The simulation data test results show that the improved elastic wave numerical simulation scheme is effective and stable for linear slip fault media. The RTM method of using source-normalised cross-correlation imaging conditions can accurately image linear slip fault media. Analysing single-channel imaging and error curves of the compliance parameter showed that the LSRTM method can accurately determine the reflection coefficient of fault interfaces. Our research provides a new approach for fault media imaging studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6988,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geophysica","volume":"73 5","pages":"3889 - 3907"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Location and magnitude from seismic intensity data of historical earthquakes in north-eastern Algeria","authors":"Radia Kherchouche,&nbsp;Yasmina Rouchiche,&nbsp;Khaled Roubeche,&nbsp;Amal Sebaï","doi":"10.1007/s11600-025-01631-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11600-025-01631-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurately determining the location and magnitude of historical earthquakes is crucial for compiling a homogenized seismic catalogue, a key component of regional seismic hazard assessment. This study aims to test and validate the adapted Bakun and Wentworth (Bull Seismol Soc Am 87: 1502–1521, 1997) method on a test-set of 10 historical earthquakes in Algeria (1856–1946) with the aim of revising and updating the Earthquake Catalogue for Algeria (ECA). We calibrated the method using 1083 intensity observations from 14 training-set earthquakes (1949–2003). This approach estimates intensity magnitudes based on an attenuation model and determines the epicentral region by minimizing residuals over a predefined grid. To validate our results, we also tested the Boxer 4.2.1 software (Gasperini et al., Bull Seismol Soc Am 100: 2035–2066, 2010), based on Pasolini et al. (Bull Seismol Soc Am 98: 692–708, 2008) methods, which determine the intensity epicentre by maximizing the likelihood function of an attenuation equation and derives magnitude from an average of multiple estimates. While both methods generally produce comparable results in most cases, discrepancies arise for earthquakes with sparse historical intensity data or non-uniform intensity data distributions. The difference in results highlights the influence of data availability and methodological choices on the accuracy of computing earthquake parameters. Addressing these challenges requires refining intensity attenuation models, expanding macroseismic data collection and integrating historical and instrumental records. These improvements will enhance the reliability of seismic hazard assessments and contribute to a more robust understanding of the seismic activity in Algeria.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6988,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geophysica","volume":"73 5","pages":"3869 - 3887"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144894048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prestack inversion with lateral data difference constraints","authors":"Zihe Xu,&nbsp;Suping Peng,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Cui,&nbsp;Yongxu Lu,&nbsp;Peng Lin,&nbsp;Dongshuang Hou","doi":"10.1007/s11600-025-01611-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11600-025-01611-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Amplitude variation with offset inversion is a crucial step in estimating subsurface elastic parameters. However, the inversion is always implemented by a single trace, and there is no connection between adjacent gathers to ensure the lateral accuracy. Although there is not much consideration for lateral inversion, traditional total variation (TV) regularization based on model constraints can improve the accuracy of vertical inversion. To address this issue, we propose a new prestack inversion method, multi-trace exact Zoeppritz equation inversion with TV joint Diff constraints (MEZTD), which adds lateral data difference (Diff) constraints to multi-trace simultaneous inversion with TV regularization. The Diff is the difference between the groups of adjacent common depth points, ensuring that the synthetic and observed data exhibit consistent lateral variations. By constraining the inversion results based on the lateral variation of seismic data, the method enhances both lateral continuity and accuracy. To validate the effectiveness of the MEZTD method, we conducted inversion experiments on a selected portion of the Marmousi model and field seismic data. A comprehensive analysis was performed on the effects of TV regularization and the Diff constraint individually, demonstrating that the incorporation of the Diff constraint significantly improves lateral accuracy and noise resistance in the inversion results. The results confirm that the MEZTD method provides superior noise resistance, enhanced lateral inversion accuracy, making it a robust approach for high-resolution prestack inversion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6988,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geophysica","volume":"73 5","pages":"4289 - 4304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144894045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Permeability anisotropy of Erin formation friable rocks under high effective pressures","authors":"Oshaine Omar Blake,&nbsp;Adele Marie Harrypersad-Daniel,&nbsp;Uwaila Charles Iyare,&nbsp;Kerneese Tenille Ramjarrie,&nbsp;Ryan Ramsook,&nbsp;Lorraine Sobers,&nbsp;Dhurjati Chakrabarti","doi":"10.1007/s11600-025-01615-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11600-025-01615-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reduction of carbon emissions is a global challenge. Carbon capture and sequestration has been established as a viable solution to the problem of rising carbon emissions. Consequently, mature and depleted fields, some of which are friable reservoirs, are increasingly being used to store CO₂. However, because it can be extremely challenging to obtain intact samples and prepare highly friable specimens for laboratory testing, very few studies have examined the permeability of highly friable rocks as compared to consolidated rocks. Therefore, there is a scarcity of data on the permeability of friable rocks. In this study, the permeability of the Erin Formation highly friable sandstone and thin-bed shale was measured under effective pressures, up to 130 MPa, in both perpendicular (<i>k</i>_<i>v</i>) and parallel (<i>k</i>_<i>h</i>) directions to bedding. The Erin Formation is a major reservoir from which oil has been produced in Southern Trinidad for the past century. The friable rocks exhibit low permeability, with ranges from 12.5 to 0.02 μD, and 0.2 μD to 2 nD for sandstone and thin-bed shale, respectively. The effective pressure has a substantial impact on permeability, causing the permeability to decrease as the effective pressure increases. The permeability is higher in the parallel bedding direction and the anisotropy (<i>k</i>_<i>h</i><i>/k</i>_<i>v</i>) ranges from 17 to 421, which is greater in the sandstone. The results indicate that the flow of CO₂ during injection will be predominantly lateral along the beds with the thin-bed shale acting as a reliable seal to flow perpendicular to bedding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6988,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geophysica","volume":"73 5","pages":"4277 - 4288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ground motion and aftershock seismicity characteristics following the Mw 6.5 earthquake in Paphos, Cyprus on January 11, 2022","authors":"Sherif Mohamed Ali,&nbsp;Shimaa Hosni Elkhouly","doi":"10.1007/s11600-025-01609-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11600-025-01609-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>On January 11, 2022, a powerful 6.5 magnitude earthquake struck Paphos, Cyprus, affecting the broader eastern Mediterranean area, including Türkiye, Syria, Lebanon, and Egypt. Recorded seismic activity revealed a peak ground acceleration (PGA) and a peak ground velocity (PGV) indicating intense shaking and rapid motion. Ground motion parameters, including intensity, perceived shaking, potential damage, PGA, PGV, and instrumental intensity, were used to evaluate the earthquake's impact. Over nearly two years following the event, comprehensive data collection recorded 693 seismic events with an estimated completeness magnitude (Mc) of 1.4. Analysis using the maximum likelihood method demonstrated a <i>b</i>-value of 0.65 ± 0.09, suggesting the mainshock occurred in a zone of elevated tectonic stress, potentially increasing the likelihood of larger. The aftershock decay rate, with a <i>p</i>-value of 0.73, indicates a quick reduction in stress levels post-mainshock, accompanied by a high frequency of initial aftershocks as shown by a <i>c</i>-value of 5.0. Moreover, a <i>k</i>-value of 10.0 suggests that aftershock activity began declining approximately ten days after the main event. The application of the correlation integral technique yielded a fractal dimension (Dc) of 1.75 ± 0.01, indicating aftershock clustering along a particular fault line. The analysis also exhibited a slip ratio of 0.58, indicating significant slip during the mainshock, with potential implications for future stress distribution. Integrating these findings with geological studies provides deeper insights into fault dynamics, stress distribution, and future seismic activity forecasting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6988,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geophysica","volume":"73 5","pages":"3849 - 3868"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}