Acta histochemica最新文献

{"title":"PRSS2 regulates EMT and metastasis via MMP-9 in gastric cancer","authors":"Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Yi ,&nbsp;Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Xiang Bai ,&nbsp;Chunfeng Lu ,&nbsp;Shichun Feng ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Serine protease<span> 2 (PRSS2) is upregulated in gastric cancer tissues, correlates with poor prognosis and promotes migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells<span><span>. However, the exact mechanism by which PRSS2 promotes </span>metastasis<span><span> in gastric cancer is unclear. We examined serum PRSS2 levels in healthy controls and gastric cancer patients by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and analyzed the correlation between PRSS2 serum level with the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer patients and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression. A lentiviral MMP-9 overexpression vector was constructed and used to transfect gastric cancer cells with stable silencing of PRSS2, and migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of gastric cancer cells were examined. High serum PRSS2 levels were detected in gastric cancer patients and associated with </span>lymphatic metastasis and TNM stage. Serum PRSS2 was positively correlated with serum MMP-9 level. PRSS2 silencing inhibited EMT, and knock-down of PRSS2 partially abrogated cell metastasis and EMT caused by overexpression of MMP-9. These results suggest that PRSS2 promotes the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells through EMT induction by MMP-9. Our findings suggest that PRSS2 may be a potential early diagnostic marker and therapeutic target of gastric cancer.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":6961,"journal":{"name":"Acta histochemica","volume":"125 6","pages":"Article 152071"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9957217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resveratrol as an antitumor agent for glioblastoma multiforme: Targeting resistance and promoting apoptotic cell deaths","authors":"Sepideh Karkon-Shayan ,&nbsp;Hasan Aliashrafzadeh ,&nbsp;Hassan Dianat-Moghadam ,&nbsp;Nima Rastegar-Pouyani ,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Majidi ,&nbsp;Mahdi Zarei ,&nbsp;Sadegh moradi-vastegani ,&nbsp;Yaser Bahramvand ,&nbsp;Sepideh Babaniamansour ,&nbsp;Emad Jafarzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Glioblastoma multiforme<span><span> (GBM) is one of the most aggressive brain and spinal cord tumors<span>. Despite the significant development in application of antitumor drugs, no significant increases have been observed in the survival rates of patients with GBM, as GBM cells acquire resistance to conventional anticancer therapeutic agents. Multiple studies have revealed that PI3K/Akt, </span></span>MAPK<span><span>, Nanog<span><span>, STAT 3, and Wnt signaling pathways are involved in GBM progression and invasion. Besides, </span>biological processes<span><span> such as anti-apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, and stemness promote GBM </span>malignancy<span>. Resveratrol<span> (RESV) is a non-flavonoid polyphenol with high antitumor activity, the potential of which, regulating signaling pathways involved in cancer malignancy, have been demonstrated by many studies. Herein, we present the potential of RESV in both single and combination therapy- targeting various signaling pathways- which induce apoptotic cell death, re-sensitize </span></span></span></span></span>cancer cells to radiotherapy, and induce chemo-sensitizing effects to eventually inhibit GBM progression.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":6961,"journal":{"name":"Acta histochemica","volume":"125 6","pages":"Article 152058"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10011412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of platelet-rich fibrin promoting endothelial cell differentiation and angiogenesis induced by transplantation of adipose-derived stem cells","authors":"Zhibing Ma ,&nbsp;Jin Ding ,&nbsp;Yawen Wang ,&nbsp;Tianqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Gang Chen ,&nbsp;Jinlong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Diabetic patients are characterized by long wound healing time, and adipose stem cells (ADSCs) can secrete growth factors to promote angiogenesis and improve diabetic wound healing. In this research, we attempted to interrogate the impact of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on ADSCs in diabetic wound healing. ADSCs were harvested from human adipose tissues and identified through flow cytometry. After pretreatment with cultured medium supplemented with different concentrations of PRF (2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%), proliferation and differentiation capacity of ADSCs were assessed by CCK-8 assay, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence (IF), respectively. Tube formation assay measured angiogenesis. Western blot analysis analyzed expression of endothelial markers and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and serine/threonine kinase (Akt) pathways in PRF-induced ADSCs. The CCK-8 experiment indicated that PRF enhanced proliferation of ADSCs in dose-dependent manner, relative to normal control group. The expression of endothelial markers and the capacity of tube formation were significantly promoted by 7.5% PRF. The release of growth factors containing vascular endothelial grow factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) from PRF was increased with the extension of detection time. When the receptors of VEGF or/and IGF-1 were neutralized, ADSCs differentiation into endothelial cells were obviously inhibited. Additionally, PRF stimulated ERK and Akt pathways, and the inhibitors of ERK and Akt attenuated PRF-induced differentiation of ADSCs into endothelial cells. In conclusion, PRF promoted endothelial cell differentiation and angiogenesis induced by ADSCs in diabetic wound healing, which appears to give guidance for treating patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6961,"journal":{"name":"Acta histochemica","volume":"125 6","pages":"Article 152059"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9957215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astaxanthin inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis in diabetic retinopathy","authors":"Jian Fang ,&nbsp;Wuxia Bai ,&nbsp;Lina Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span><span>The pathophysiology of </span>diabetic retinopathy<span> (DR) is thought to be influenced by oxidative stress. </span></span>Astaxanthin (ASX) is a natural product with antioxidant effect, but it is not clear whether its mechanism of inhibiting the development of DR is related to anti-oxidation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin<span><span><span> (60 mg/kg) to create DR rat models followed by ASX (20 mg/kg) for 45 days. Retinal tissue was examined by Hematoxylin<span> and Eosin staining. By using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 2,7-Dichlorodrhydrofluorescein diace (DCFH-DA) probes, </span></span>immunohistochemistry<span> and western blot, it was feasible to evaluate the contents of inflammation-related factors (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1)), oxidative stress-related indicators (glutathione (GSH), </span></span>malonic dialdehyde<span> (MDA), glutathione peroxidase<span> (GPx), reactive oxygen species<span><span><span> (ROS) and Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC)), antioxidant enzymes (hemoxgenase-1(HO-1) and </span>Quinone </span>Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1)), and apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl2 Associated X Protein (BAX), and cleaved-caspase-3). Additionally, antioxidant proteins downstream of the nuclear factor E2 related factors (Nrf-2) pathway, expression levels of Nrf2/ Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap 1) pathway-associated proteins, and nuclear and cytoplasmic levels of Nrf2 were assessed using immunohistochemistry, western blot, or quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).</span></span></span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>ASX alleviated retinal tissue damage by increasing overall retina thickness and ganglion cell layer (GCL) cell numbers and exerted the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-apoptosis effects in DR rats. Additionally, ASX could inhibit the expression of Keap1, promote the transport of Nrf2 from cytoplasm to nucleus and facilitate the expressions of HO-1, NQO1, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, (γ-GCS) and GPx.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>ASX exerted antioxidant effects through Nrf2/keap1 pathway, thereby alleviating apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in retinal tissues of DR rats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6961,"journal":{"name":"Acta histochemica","volume":"125 6","pages":"Article 152069"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10314517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical analysis of the vimentin filaments in Sertoli cells is a powerful tool for the prediction of spermatogenic dysfunction","authors":"Hirokatsu Saito,&nbsp;Satoshi Yokota,&nbsp;Satoshi Kitajima","doi":"10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The close interaction between male germ cells and Sertoli cells<span><span><span>, a type of somatic cell found in the </span>seminiferous tubules<span><span> of mammalian testis, is essential for the normal progression of </span>spermatogenesis in mammals. </span></span>Vimentin<span><span><span> is an intermediate filament protein that primarily provides mechanical support, preserves cell shape, and maintains the nuclear position, and it is often used as a marker to identify Sertoli cells. Vimentin is known to be involved in many </span>diseases and aging processes; however, how vimentin is related to spermatogenic dysfunction and the associated functional changes is still unclear. In a previous study, we reported that </span>vitamin E<span><span><span> deficiency affected the testes, epididymis<span>, and spermatozoa of mice, accelerating the progression of senescence. In this study, we focused on the Sertoli cell marker vimentin and explored the relationship between the cytoskeletal system of Sertoli cells and spermatogenic dysfunction using </span></span>testis tissue<span> sections that caused male reproductive dysfunction with vitamin E deficiency. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that the proportion of the vimentin-positive area in seminiferous tubule cross-sections was significantly increased in testis tissue sections of the vitamin E-deficient group compared with the proportion in the control group. The histological analysis of testis tissue sections from the vitamin E-deficient group showed that vimentin-positive Sertoli cells were greatly extended from the </span></span>basement membrane, along with an increased abundance of vimentin. These findings suggest that vimentin may be a potential indicator for detecting spermatogenic dysfunction.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":6961,"journal":{"name":"Acta histochemica","volume":"125 5","pages":"Article 152046"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10016345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Localization of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acid residues in gastrointestinal tract compartments of some tetrapod’s representatives: Comparative histochemical study","authors":"Aziz Awaad,&nbsp;Ahmed Rushdy,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Adly","doi":"10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152055","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Epithelial mucins composed mainly of glycoproteins&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; and play a vital role as protective barrier against a variety of harmful molecules and microbial infection. Additionally sialic acids, like glycoproteins, are considered as a main component of epithelial mucins and play an important role in &lt;/span&gt;mucosal immunity. For example, alpha 2,6-linked galactose/N-acetyl-galactosamine (Gal/GalNAc) sialic acid residues can recognize and mask different biological sites in some intermolecular or intercellular interactions. In this study, the localization sites relationship between general mucins and alpha 2,6-linked Gal/GalNAc sialic acid residues in different compartments in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;gastrointestinal tract&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; (GIT) of tetrapod representatives were investigated using &lt;/span&gt;lectin &lt;/span&gt;histochemistry. The toad (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bufo&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; regularis&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), lizard (&lt;em&gt;Trachylepis quinquetaeniata&lt;/em&gt;), pigeon (&lt;em&gt;Columba livia domestica&lt;/em&gt;) and mouse (&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Mus musculus&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;) were used as amphibian, reptilian, avian and mammalian representatives respectively. In general, the biodistribution&lt;span&gt; sites of mucins are localized in most compartment sites and partially overlapped with the sites of sialic acid residues in some compartment in each animal representative. Additionally, the localization sites of both mucins and sialic acid in the GIT regions differ based on the tissue type&lt;span&gt; in each tetrapod representative. The mucosa of oesophagus in the toad and lizard showed higher positive signal of general mucins compared with other tetrapod representatives. However, the mucosa of the oesophagus in the toad revealed a positive signal of sialic acid in the tubular glands only, whereas the lizard’s mucosa showed a positive signal of sialic acid in the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;goblet cells. Additionally, the pigeon’s oesophagus showed no localization of the sialic acid or mucins while, all layers of the mouse’s oesophagus showed a positive localization of the sialic acid residues. In the stomach, all &lt;/span&gt;stomach mucosa&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; compartments in all representatives showed positive signal of mucins, while the gastric glands in the toad, pigeon (proventricular glands) and mouse showed signals of sialic acid residues localization but in different trends. While the lizard showed a localization of the sialic acid in the mucosal lamina propria only. Furthermore, the mucosa of the ileum showed positive signal of mucin in the goblet cells and some absorptive cells brush borders in all tetrapod animals. While a higher signal of the sialic acid residues in the absorptive cells but not the goblet cells in the case of the toad and mouse. While the lizard’s ileum showed a higher localization of sialic acid in the goblet cells only. Mucin localization in the rectum was similar to those in ileum. Specifically, the toad and lizard showed signals of the sialic acid residues in","PeriodicalId":6961,"journal":{"name":"Acta histochemica","volume":"125 5","pages":"Article 152055"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9637514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dihydroartemisinin inhibited interleukin-18 expression by decreasing YAP1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells","authors":"Yi Gong ,&nbsp;Qing Peng ,&nbsp;Yuting Gao ,&nbsp;Jiali Yang ,&nbsp;Junlan Lu ,&nbsp;Yuman Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanguang Yang ,&nbsp;Hua Liang ,&nbsp;Yuan Yue ,&nbsp;Xinli Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Yes-associated protein 1<span><span> (YAP1) is highly expressed in liver cancer and has been used as an independent prognostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while inhibition of YAP1 slows down the progression of HCC. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) also tends to be highly expressed in liver cancer. Previous research has proved that dihydroartemisinin (DHA) plays an important role in HCC </span>treatment by reducing YAP1 expression. However, the relationship between YAP1 and IL-18 has not been reported in HCC, especially during DHA therapy.</span></p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between YAP1 and IL-18 in HCC cells, and to explicit the role of IL-18 in the treatment of HCC by DHA.</p></div><div><h3>Methods and results</h3><p><span>We found that YAP1 and IL-18 were highly expressed in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma by bioinformatics analysis. Moreover, </span><em>YAP1</em> was positively correlated with <em>IL18</em> in liver cancer. <em>YAP1</em> and <em>IL18</em><span> correlated with immune cell<span> infiltration, notably T cell exhaustion. </span></span><em>YAP1</em> knockdown decreased IL-18 expression<em>,</em> while <em>YAP1</em> overexpression increased the IL-18 expression in HCC cells. DHA reduced IL-18 expression through YAP1 in HCC cells<em>.</em><span> Further, DHA reduced the growth of Hepa1–6 cells subcutaneous xenograft tumors by inhibiting the expression of YAP1 and IL-18. However, DHA improved IL-18 in serum and adjacent tissues from DEN/TCPOBOP-induced liver tumor model in C57BL/6 mice.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>YAP1 was positively correlated with IL-18 in HCC. DHA reduced the expression of IL-18 by inhibiting YAP1 and plays a role in the treatment of HCC. Our study suggested that IL-18 is a potential target for the treatment of HCC, and DHA is a promising drug for HCC therapy.</p></div><div><h3>Data availability</h3><p>The dataset that supports the findings of this study is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6961,"journal":{"name":"Acta histochemica","volume":"125 4","pages":"Article 152040"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9522578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical distribution of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II subunits in the rat carotid body","authors":"Hiroki Saito ,&nbsp;Takuya Yokoyama ,&nbsp;Nobuaki Nakamuta ,&nbsp;Yoshio Yamamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Carotid body<span> (CB) activity stimulated by a lower partial oxygen pressure in rats is enhanced by exposure to chronic intermittent hypoxia. However, the mechanisms that modulate CB activity remain unclear. In the present study, the expression and distribution of one of the candidate molecules to modulate reactivity, Ca</span></span>²⁺<span><span><span>/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) were examined in the rat CB using reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction and </span>immunofluorescence<span> with isoform-specific antibodies. CaMKIIγ and CaMKIIδ were distributed in CB chemoreceptor cells, and exhibited intense </span></span>immunoreactivity<span><span><span> in dopamine β-hydroxylase-positive chemoreceptor cells. CaMKIIβ and CaMKIIγ were distributed in sensory nerve endings attached to chemoreceptor cells of the CB. In the petrosal </span>ganglion, immunoreactivities for CaMKIIα, CaMKIIβ, CaMKIIγ, and CaMKIIδ were detected in the perinuclear region of ganglion cells. The present results indicate that CaMKIIγ and CaMKIIδ in chemoreceptor cells and CaMKIIβ and CaMKIIγ in sensory nerve endings enhanced reciprocal </span>synaptic transmission<span><span>, i.e., noradrenaline and ATP for cells to neurons and </span>glutamate for neurons to cells.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":6961,"journal":{"name":"Acta histochemica","volume":"125 4","pages":"Article 152043"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49769249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KCCs, NKCCs, and NCC: Potential targets for cardiovascular therapeutics? A comprehensive review of cell and region specific expression and function","authors":"Akshat D. Modi ,&nbsp;Areej Naim Khan ,&nbsp;Wing Yan Elizabeth Cheng ,&nbsp;Dharmeshkumar M. Modi","doi":"10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Cardiovascular diseases, the leading life-threatening conditions, involve cardiac arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and heart valve disease that are associated with the altered functioning of cation-chloride </span>cotransporters. The decreased number of cation-chloride cotransporters leads to reduced reactivity to </span>adrenergic stimulation<span><span>. The KCC family is crucial for numerous physiological processes<span> including cell proliferation and invasion, regulation of membrane trafficking, maintaining ionic and osmotic </span></span>homeostasis<span>, erythrocyte swelling, dendritic spine<span> formation, maturation of postsynaptic GABAergic inhibition, and inhibitory/excitatory signaling in neural tracts. KCC2 maintains intracellular chlorine homeostasis and opposes β-adrenergic stimulation-induced Cl- influx to prevent arrhythmogenesis. KCC3-inactivated cardiac tissue shows increased </span></span></span></span>vascular resistance<span><span>, aortic distensibility, heart size and weight (i.e. hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). Due to KCC4’s high affinity for K+, it plays a vital role in cardiac ischemia<span> with increased extracellular K+. The NKCC and NCC families play a vital role in the regulation of saliva volume, establishing the potassium-rich endolymph in the cochlea, sodium uptake in astrocytes, inhibiting </span></span>myogenic response<span><span><span> in microcirculatory beds, regulation of smooth muscle tone<span> in resistance vessels, and blood pressure. NKCC1 regulates chlorine homeostasis and knocking it out impairs cardiomyocyte depolarization and </span></span>cardiac contractility<span><span> as well as impairs depolarization and contractility of </span>vascular smooth muscle rings in the aorta. The activation of NCC in vascular cells promotes the formation of the </span></span>abdominal aortic aneurysm<span>. This narrative review provides a deep insight into the structure and function of KCCs, NKCCs, and NCC in human physiology and cardiac pathobiology. Also, it provides cell-specific (21 cell types) and region-specific (6 regions) expression of KCC1, KCC2, KCC3, KCC4, NKCC1, NKCC2, and NCC in heart.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":6961,"journal":{"name":"Acta histochemica","volume":"125 4","pages":"Article 152045"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9892258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geniposide alleviates pressure overload in cardiac fibrosis with suppressed TGF-β1 pathway","authors":"Yanmei Yao ,&nbsp;Leqing Lin ,&nbsp;Wenxue Tang ,&nbsp;Yueliang Shen ,&nbsp;Fayu Chen ,&nbsp;Ning Li","doi":"10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Cardiac fibrosis is one of the main contributors to the pathogenesis of heart failure. Geniposide (GE), a major iridoid in gardenia fruit extract, has recently been reported to improve skeletal muscle fibrosis through the modulation of inflammation response. This investigation aimed to illuminate the cardio-protective effect and the potential mechanism of GE in cardiac fibrosis.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>A transverse aortic contraction (TAC) induction mice model was established and GE (0 mg/kg; 10 mg/kg; 20 mg/kg; 40 mg/kg) was administered by oral gavage daily for 4 weeks. Hemodynamic parameters, Masson’s trichrome stain, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining were estimated and cardiomyocyte fibrosis, interstitial collagen levels, and hypertrophic markers were analyzed using qPCR and western blot. <em>In vitro</em>, H9C2 cells were exposed to the Ang II (1 μM) pretreated with GE (0.1 μM, 1 μM, and 10 μM). Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected. Moreover, the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad2 pathway was assessed in vivo and in vitro.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>GE significantly ameliorated TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy, ventricular remodeling, myocardial fibrosis, and improved cardiac function in vivo, and it inhibited Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro<em>.</em> We further observed that the inflammatory channel TGF-β1/Smad2 pathway was suppressed by GE both in vivo and in vitro.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These results indicate that GE inhibited myocardial fibrosis and improved hypertrophic cardiomyocytes with attenuated the TGF-β1/Smad2 pathway and proposed to be an important therapeutic of cardiac fibrosis reduced by TAC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6961,"journal":{"name":"Acta histochemica","volume":"125 4","pages":"Article 152044"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9990340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}