Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy最新文献

{"title":"Influence of the 3D architecture and surface roughness of SiOC anodes on bioelectrochemical system performance: a comparative study of freeze-cast, 3D-printed, and tape-cast materials with uniform composition","authors":"Pedro Henrique da Rosa Braun,&nbsp;Anne Kuchenbuch,&nbsp;Bruno Toselli,&nbsp;Kurosch Rezwan,&nbsp;Falk Harnisch,&nbsp;Michaela Wilhelm","doi":"10.1007/s40243-023-00253-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40243-023-00253-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>3D-printed anodes for bioelectrochemical systems are increasingly being reported. However, comparisons between 3D-printed anodes and their non-3D-printed counterparts with the same material composition are still lacking. In addition, surface roughness parameters that could be correlated with bioelectrochemical performance are rarely determined. To fill these gaps, slurries with identical composition but different mass fractions were processed into SiOC anodes by tape-casting, freeze-casting, or direct-ink writing. The current generation was investigated using electroactive biofilms enriched with <i>Geobacter</i> spp. Freeze-cast anodes showed more surface pores and the highest surface kurtosis of 5.7 ± 0.5, whereas tape-cast and 3D-printed anodes showed a closed surface porosity. 3D-printing was only possible using slurries 85 wt% of mass fraction. The surface pores of the freeze-cast anodes improved bacterial adhesion and resulted in a high initial (first cycle) maximum current density per geometric surface area of 9.2 ± 2.1 A m⁻². The larger surface area of the 3D-printed anodes prevented pore clogging and produced the highest current density per geometric surface area of 12.0 ± 1.2 A m⁻². The current density values of all anodes are similar when the current density is normalized over the entire geometric surface as determined by CT-scans. This study highlights the role of geometric surface area in normalizing current generation and the need to use more surface roughness parameters to correlate anode properties, bacterial adhesion, and current generation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":692,"journal":{"name":"Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy","volume":"13 1","pages":"81 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40243-023-00253-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139764965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of flexible perovskite solar cells for indoor and outdoor applications","authors":"Adamu Ahmed Goje,&nbsp;Norasikin Ahmad Ludin,&nbsp;Puteri Nor Aznie Fahsyar,&nbsp;Ubaidah Syafiq,&nbsp;Puvaneswaran Chelvanathan,&nbsp;Abu Dzar Al-Ghiffari Syakirin,&nbsp;Mohd Asri Teridi,&nbsp;Mohd Adib Ibrahim,&nbsp;Mohd Sukor Su’ait,&nbsp;Suhaila Sepeai,&nbsp;Ahmad Shah Hizam Md Yasir","doi":"10.1007/s40243-024-00257-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40243-024-00257-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown a significant increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) under laboratory circumstances from 2006 to the present, rising from 3.8% to an astonishing 25%. This scientific breakthrough corresponds to the changing energy situation and rising industrial potential. The flexible perovskite solar cell (FPSC), which capitalizes on the benefits of perovskite thin-film deposition and operates at low temperatures, is key to this transition. The FPSC is strategically important for large-scale deployment and mass manufacturing, especially when combined with the benefits of perovskite thin-film deposition under moderate thermodynamic conditions. Its versatility is demonstrated by the ease with which it may be folded, rolled, or coiled over flexible substrates, allowing for efficient transportation. Notably, FPSCs outperform traditional solar panels in terms of adaptability. FPSCs have several advantages over rigid substrates, including mobility, lightweight properties that help transportation, scalability via roll-to-roll (R2R) deposition, and incorporation into textiles and architecture. This in-depth examination dives into their fundamental design and various fabrication techniques, which include conducting substrates, absorber layers, coordinated charge movement, and conductive electrodes. This review evaluates critical FPSC fabrication techniques such as thermal evaporation, R2R approaches, slot die and spray deposition, blade coating, and spin coating. The present challenges in constructing FPSCs with high performance and long-term stability are also highlighted. Finally, the solar industry's potential uses for both indoor and outdoor FPSCs have been discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":692,"journal":{"name":"Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy","volume":"13 1","pages":"155 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40243-024-00257-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139645569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The thermophysical properties of a promising composite adsorbent based on multi-wall carbon nanotubes for heat storage","authors":"Alexandra Grekova,&nbsp;Svetlana Strelova,&nbsp;Marina Solovyeva,&nbsp;Mikhail Tokarev","doi":"10.1007/s40243-023-00243-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40243-023-00243-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of energy from alternative energy sources as well as the use of waste heat are key elements of an efficient energetics. Adsorption heat storage is a technology that allows solving such problems. For the successful operation of an adsorption heat accumulator, it is necessary to analyze the thermophysical characteristics of the system under the conditions of the operating cycle: heat transfer coefficient adsorbent-metal (α₂)_, overall (U) and global (UA) heat transfer coefficients of heat exchanger. Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites are very promising for adsorption-based renewable energy storage and conversion technologies. In this work at the stage of heat release, α₂ was measured by the large pressure jump (LPJ) method, at the stage of heat storage by large temperature jump method (LTJ), which made it possible to obtain thermophysical characteristics that corresponded to the implementation of the real working cycle as much as possible. The heat transfer coefficients for a pair of adsorbent LiCl/MWCNT—methanol are measured for the first time under the conditions of a daily heat storage cycle both at the sorption stage (α₂ = 190 W/m²K) and at the desorption stage (α₂ = 170 W/m²K).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":692,"journal":{"name":"Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy","volume":"13 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40243-023-00243-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139553696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and characterization of briquettes from sugarcane bagasse of Wonji Sugar Factory, Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Asmelash Gebrekidan Mekonen,&nbsp;Goitom Gebreyohannes Berhe,&nbsp;Mulu Berhe Desta,&nbsp;Fentahun Abebaw Belete,&nbsp;Amare Fisseha Gebremariam","doi":"10.1007/s40243-023-00248-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40243-023-00248-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Briquetted biomass, like sugarcane bagasse, a by-product of sugar mills, is a renewable energy source. This study aimed at the production and characterization of bagasse briquettes. The production of briquettes was carried out with different blending ratios (5, 10, and 15%) and average particle sizes (0.75, 2.775, and 4.8 mm) with various binders of cow dung, waste paper, and admixture (molasses and wastepaper). The bagasse underwent drying, size reduction, sieving, binder addition, and densification using a manual press during the briquetting process. Characterization of the physical and combustion parameters of briquettes, such as density, shatter resistance, proximate, and calorific value, followed the American Society for Testing and Materials procedures. The result shows that the maximum density of briquettes was 0.804 g/cm³, while shatter resistance varied from 83.051 to 94.975% (4.8mm, 5% cow dung and 0.75mm, 5% admixture binders respectively). ANOVA analysis showed that the factors and their interactions had a significant influence (<i>p</i> value &lt; 0.05) on the physical properties. The optimum parameters of briquettes achieved were 14.953% admixture binder, 0.776 mm particle size, 0.805 g/cm³ density, and 95.811% shatter resistance. Bagasse briquettes with a 5% cow dung binder achieved a high calorific value of 39927.05 kcal/kg. The ultimate analysis revealed a composition of 47.49% carbon (C), 5.133% hydrogen (H), 1.557% nitrogen (N), 0.374% sulfur (S), and 45.446% oxygen (O). Therefore, bagasse has a high calorific value and can be used for briquetting to replace fossil fuel and firewood in different applications. In addition, due to its availability, utilizing as fuel source has economic advantage.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":692,"journal":{"name":"Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy","volume":"13 1","pages":"27 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40243-023-00248-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139553712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing the lignocellulosic fibers from Pineapple Crown Leaves extract for enhancing TiO2 interfacial bonding in dye-sensitized solar cell photoanodes","authors":"N. Premkumar,&nbsp;M. Radha Madhavi,&nbsp;K. Kitmo,&nbsp;S. Shanmugan","doi":"10.1007/s40243-023-00245-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40243-023-00245-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The crown leaves of pineapple possess a wealth of smooth and glossy silk medium-length fibers, primarily composed of cellulose and lignin, accompanied by constituents such as fats, waxes, pectin, uronic acid, anhydride, pentosan, color pigments, and inorganic substances. These fibers exhibit an anisotropic nature and are characterized by hydrogen bonding interactions, rendering them effective in conjunction with semiconductor oxide (TiO₂) through their cellulosic fibrils. The dye extracted from Pineapple Crown Leaves (PCL) using ethanol was subjected to FTIR and UV–visible spectroscopy. The FTIR analysis revealed absorption peaks at 3268 cm⁻¹ and 2922 cm⁻¹, confirming the presence of –OH and –CH stretching attributed to the fibrils within the dye. UV–visible spectroscopy further demonstrated absorption within the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Additionally, a photoluminescence study of the dye showcased emission within the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Subsequently, a solar cell incorporating this dye underwent JV characterization, yielding an efficiency of 1.0034%, along with fill factor, open-circuit voltage, and short-circuit current density values of 0.40644, 0.7058 V, and 3.4906 mA/cm², respectively. To gain deeper insights and facilitate optimization for large-scale installations, a simulation model utilizing PC1D was proposed to explore the influential parameters of the Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":692,"journal":{"name":"Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy","volume":"13 1","pages":"13 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40243-023-00245-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139553694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Platinum nanoparticles decorated multiwalled carbon nanotube composites as highly transparent, bifacial counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells","authors":"R. Krishnapriya,&nbsp;C. Nizamudeen,&nbsp;A.-H. I. Mourad","doi":"10.1007/s40243-023-00247-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40243-023-00247-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are low-cost solar energy conversion devices with variable color and transparency advantages. DSSCs' potential power efficiency output, even in diffuse light conditions with consistent performance, allows them to be used in building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) window applications. Significantly, the development of bifacial DSSCs is getting significant scientific consideration. Triiodide/iodide (I₃^–/I^–) redox couple-mediated DSSCs require highly effective and stable electrocatalysts for I₃⁻ reduction to overcome their performance constraints. However, the commonly employed platinum (Pt) cathodes have restrictions on high price and unfavorable durability. Here, we report platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) incorporated into multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) composites with lower Pt content as an efficient bifacial counter electrode (CE) material for DSSC applications. Pt NPs were homogenously decorated over the MWCNT surfaces using a simple polyol method at relatively low temperatures. CEs fabricated using Pt/MWCNT composites exhibited excellent transparency and power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 6.92% and 6.09% for front and rear illumination. The results are expected to bring significant advances in bifacial DSSCs for real-world window applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":692,"journal":{"name":"Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy","volume":"12 3","pages":"257 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40243-023-00247-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138512836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability of temperature on the electrical properties of heterostructured CIS/Cds through SCAPS simulation for photovoltaic applications","authors":"Abass Akande Faremi,&nbsp;Olusayo Olubosede,&nbsp;Ayodeji Olalekan Salau,&nbsp;Samuel Olakunle Adigbo,&nbsp;Peter Apata Olubambi,&nbsp;Ezekiel Lawan","doi":"10.1007/s40243-023-00244-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40243-023-00244-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Renewable energy research has received tremendous attention in recent years in a quest to circumvent the current global energy crisis. This study carefully selected and simulated the copper indium sulfur ternary compound semiconductor material with cadmium sulfide owing to their advantage in photovoltaic applications. Despite the potential of the materials in photovoltaic devices, the causes of degradation in the photovoltaic efficiency using such compound semiconductor materials have not really been investigated. However, electrical parameters of the materials such as open circuit voltage, short circuit current density, and fill factor have been extensively studied and reported as major causes of degradation in materials’ efficiency. Furthermore, identifying such electrical characteristics as a primary degradation mechanism in solar cells, this study work is an ardent effort that investigates the materials' electrical behavior as a cure to the degradation associated with compound semiconductor-based photovoltaic. In this study, we numerically characterized the electrical properties such as fill factor, open circuit voltage, short circuit current density, power conversion efficiency, net recombination rate, net generation rate, generation current density, recombination current density, hole current density, electrons current density, energy band diagram, capacitance–voltage, electric field strength of the heterostructured CIS/CdS compound semiconductor material using SCAP-1D. We also investigated the effect of temperature on the electrical properties of heterostructured materials. The obtained results reveal the uniformity of the total current density in the material despite the exponential decrease in the electron current density and the exponential increase in hole current density. The extracted solar cell parameters of the heterostructured CIS/CdS at 300 K are 18.6% for PCE, 64.8% for FF, 0.898 V for <i>V</i>_oc, and 32 mA cm⁻² for <i>J</i>_sc. After the investigation of the effect of temperature on the CIS/CdS compound semiconductor material, it was observed that the solar cell was most efficient at 300 K. The energy band gap of the CIS/CdS compound semiconductor material shrinks with an increase in temperature. The highest net recombination rate and recombination current is at 400 K, while the net generation rate and generation current density are independent of temperature. The study, on the other hand, gave insights into the potential degradation process, and utilizing the study’s findings could provide photovoltaic degradation remediation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":692,"journal":{"name":"Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy","volume":"12 3","pages":"235 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40243-023-00244-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138512841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiesel production from transesterified yellow grease by ZSM-5 zeolite-supported BaO catalyst: process optimization by Taguchi’s experimental design approach","authors":"Adeyinka Sikiru Yusuff,&nbsp;Moses Oluwafemi Onibonoje","doi":"10.1007/s40243-023-00240-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40243-023-00240-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Methanolysis of yellow grease (YG) was performed to synthesize its corresponding methyl ester (YGME) using BaO loaded on ZSM-5 (BaO/ZSM-5) as a heterogeneous base catalyst that was prepared via metallic solution hydrolysis method and characterized using N₂ adsorption–desorption (BET), surface basicity, XRD, TGA/DTA, SEM, FTIR and Raman techniques.### The Taguchi design approach was utilized to optimize the transesterification process factors, and among the parameters studied, calcination temperature was found to have a significant influence on YGME yield. At 70 ℃ for 3 h, a YGME yield of 95.9 <span>(pm 0.94)</span>% was obtained using a methanol/YG molar ratio of 15:1 and 1 g (2 wt.% of YG used) of BaO/ZSM-5 sample calcined at 700 ℃. The BaO/ZSM-5 catalyst was reused six times with only a 15% decrease in activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":692,"journal":{"name":"Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy","volume":"12 3","pages":"199 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40243-023-00240-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138512837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of solar panels under different dust accumulation conditions using thermography: focusing on PV temperature variation","authors":"Gomaa Galal Abd El-wahhab,&nbsp;Taha Abdelfattah Mohammed Abdelwahab,&nbsp;Yasser Kamal Osman Taha Osman,&nbsp;Mohamed Fawzi Abdelshafie Abuhussein,&nbsp;Ahmed Elsayed Mahmoud Fodah,&nbsp;Khaled Abdeen Mousa Ali","doi":"10.1007/s40243-023-00246-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40243-023-00246-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Degradation performance of photovoltaic modules (SPV) by real conditions has become increasingly problematic. In dusty areas, dust accumulation is one of the main concerns that may cause a significant determination of SPV efficiency. In the current study, the effect of four dust-accumulated densities of 6, 12, 18, and 24 g/m² have been investigated in outdoor conditions in Cairo, Egypt. The performance evaluation of SPV modules in the form of front and backside temperatures of the SPV module has been evaluated in addition to current, voltage, power, and efficiency of the SPV modules. The results showed that, as compared with a clean SPV module, with increasing dust density from 6 to 24 g/m² the frontside temperature of SPV modules were lower by 6–8 ℃. While their backside temperatures were found to be higher by 2–6 ℃. In addition, the difference between the backside and frontside temperatures of the SPV module ranged from 5 to 14 ℃ for dust modules as compared with 3 ℃ for the clean SPV module. The output power and efficiency of dusty SPV modules were found to be lower by 6–45% and 13–38%, respectively as compared with clean SPV module. The results clearly showed the importance of properly maintaining and servicing the SPV modules to avoid their degradation by dust accumulated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":692,"journal":{"name":"Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy","volume":"12 3","pages":"247 - 255"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40243-023-00246-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138512843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green-based modifiable CaZnBr4 for solar cells application","authors":"Moses E. Emetere,&nbsp;Oluwaseyi O. Bello","doi":"10.1007/s40243-023-00242-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40243-023-00242-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Future revolution in photovoltaics will be hinged mainly on cost, health implication, and material stability and performance. Based on these criteria, lead-based inorganic photovoltaics, organic–inorganic hybrid, and silicon photovoltaics are screened-out. According to the literature, the lead-free inorganic perovskite solar cell is favorably disposed to cost and safe-health. However, the simultaneous solution to material stability, high defect density, and low power conversion efficiency (PCE) still remains a mystery that has not been solved. This research proposed the green-based modifiable CaZnBr₄ as a potential candidate for lead-free solar cell application based on the principle of A-site cation with green-based additive incorporation. The green-based additive was obtained from Kola Nitida, Carica Papaya, Ficus Exasperata, and Musa paradisiaca. The elemental characterization of the green-based additives was performed using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). The optical, crystalline, and electronic properties were characterized using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, Quantum Espresso, scanning electron microscopy and SCAPS-1D. The green-base-modified CaZnBr₄ showed significant PCE improvement by 3% with significant film and crystallinity formation. The stressed state of the parent compound CaZnBr₄ shows that it may be better suited for thermovoltaics application. It is recommended that better results could be obtained when different synthetic routes and green-based additives are used to initiate the defect passivation protocols.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":692,"journal":{"name":"Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy","volume":"12 3","pages":"219 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40243-023-00242-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138512839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}