Acta Ophthalmologica最新文献

{"title":"Post thyroidectomy surprise!","authors":"Aakriti Agarwal,&nbsp;Taskin Khan,&nbsp;Vishnu Gupta,&nbsp;Sugourab Das","doi":"10.1111/aos.17145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.17145","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Aims/Purpose:</b> To report a patient who developed dysthyroid optic neuropathy post thyroidectomy</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Methods:</b> Patient who came to the Eye OPD with diminution of vision post thyroidectomy procedure was evaluated</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Results:</b> A 57-year-old female who had Grave's ophthalmopathy detected 8 months ago, vision 6/6 B/E came to the EYE OPD with sudden exacerbation of symptoms for the past 4 days. She had undergone total thyroidectomy 8 days ago. Her visual acuity was 6/24 both eyes and Color vision was impaired in the both the eyes, left eye more than right eye. On ocular examination there was upper lid retraction both the eyes with scleral show. There was fullness of B/E lower lids with lid lag B/E. EOM were mildly restricted in B/E and pupils were sluggishly reacting B/E, rest anterior segment: WNL. Patient was pharmacologically dilated for fundus examination and both eyes disc pallor was noted.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CECT Orbits was performed which showed significant enlargement and prominence of bilateral extraocular muscles, predominantly inferior and medial rectus (left eye &gt; right). Vertical Barrett's Index of left eye &gt; 60% suggestive of significant optic nerve impingement of left eye. Thyroid tests performed showed profound hypothyroidism with FT4 1.9 pg/ml, TSH: 41 microU/ml.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Euthyroid state was rapidly restored with thyroxine and T3 supplements and optic neuropathy was treated with oral steroids. Patient was kept on regular follow up and dysthyroid optic neuropathy improved significantly with restoration of normal visual acuity.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Dysthyroid optic neuropathy may be precipitated post thyroidectomy in patients developing hypothyroidism suggesting that euthyroid state must be maintained and prompt treatment with steroids of graves ophthalmopathy can restore normal visual acuity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":"103 S284","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aos.17145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citicoline and coenzyme Q10 (COQUN Combo) reduce inflammation in an experimental glaucoma model","authors":"José A. Matamoros,&nbsp;José A. Fernández-Albarral,&nbsp;Elena Salobrar-Garcia,&nbsp;Lorena Elvira-Hurtado,&nbsp;Inés López-Cuenca,&nbsp;Lidia Sanchez-Puebla,&nbsp;Miguel A. Martínez-López,&nbsp;Sara Rubio-Casado,&nbsp;Rosa de Hoz,&nbsp;Meritxell Lopez Gallardo,&nbsp;Eva M. Marco,&nbsp;Jose Manuel Ramirez,&nbsp;Juan Jose Salazar,&nbsp;Pedro De La Villa,&nbsp;Ana Isabel Ramirez","doi":"10.1111/aos.17112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.17112","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Aims/Purpose:</b> To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of citicoline and coenzyme Q10 (COQUN Combo) in an experimental model of ocular hypertension (OHT).</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Methods:</b> Swiss albino mice were used: vehicle control (Vehicle <i>n</i> = 6), COQUN Combo control (COQUN Combo <i>n</i> = 5), laser vehicle (LG+Veh, <i>n</i> = 6), and laser COQUN Combo (LG+COQUN Combo, <i>n</i> = 6). COQUN Combo was administered daily with gelatin 15 days prior to laser induction and 3 days post-induction in COQUN Combo and LG+COQUN Combo groups. The Vehicle and LG+Veh groups received neutral gelatin. OHT was induced in the left eye by laser photocoagulation of the limbal and episcleral veins, analyzing hypertensive eyes and their contralateral eyes. Retinal whole-mounts were processed with: 1) Anti Iba-1 to quantify: Number of Iba-1+ cells (Iba1-cn) in outer segments (OS), outer plexiform layer (OPL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL); Retinal area occupied by Iba-1+ cells (Iba1-RA) in the nerve fiber layer-ganglion cell layer (NFL-GCL); Cell body area (Iba1-cba) of Iba-1+ cells in OPL, IPL and NFL-GCL; and arbor area (Iba1-aa) of Iba-1+ cells in OPL and IPL. 2) Anti-P2RY12 to differentiate activated microglia.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Results:</b> No significant differences were observed between the control groups. Both OHT eyes and their contralaterals of LG+Veh, as well as LG+COQUN Combo OHT eyes and their contralaterals, showed significant differences compared to controls in Iba1-cn, Iba1- RA, Iba1-cba, and Iba1-aa in all layers analyzed. However, these changes were significantly smaller in LG+COQUN Combo OHT and their contralateral eyes compared to LG+Veh OHT and their contralateral eyes. In the Vehicle, Iba-1+ cells were P2RY12+. P2RY12 expression was downregulated in both OHT eyes of LG+Veh and LG+ COQUN Combo; however, this downregulation was less pronounced in the OHT eyes of LG+COQUN Combo. In the contralateral eyes, P2RY12 expression remained similar to that of the controls</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Conclusions:</b> COQUN Combo can attenuate the inflammatory process in glaucoma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":"103 S284","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aos.17112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive optics – basic optical principles","authors":"Kristina Irsch","doi":"10.1111/aos.16915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.16915","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adaptive Optics (AO) refers to a technique to compensate for distortions caused by optical aberrations in the media between the camera and the object being imaged. It was originally developed for use in astronomical telescopes to compensate for optical distortions induced by the inhomogeneous earth atmosphere. It has since evolved to become a powerful clinical tool in ophthalmology. In the eye, a “wavefront sensor” (aberrometer) measures the distortion of incoming light induced by inhomogeneities within the cornea and crystalline lens, which is then “undistorted” via reflection by a deformable mirror. AO thus enables imaging of the human retina with unprecedented resolution <i>in vivo</i>, such as revealing individual photoreceptors or the walls of blood vessels. One should note that AO by itself does not provide an image; rather an AO subsystem is incorporated into an existing imaging device. AO subsystems have thus far been successfully integrated into three ophthalmic imaging devices: fundus cameras, scanning laser ophthalmoscopes, and the OCT device. This lecture will introduce the basic principles of AO, illustrate its value with state-of-the-art clinical examples, and discuss potential future applications in ophthalmology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":"103 S284","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aos.16915","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preclinical evaluation on the biocompatibility and biosafety of a new foldable brown-diaphragm intraocular lens: An in vitro and in vivo study","authors":"Keke Zhang,&nbsp;Shaohua Zhang,&nbsp;Wenwen He,&nbsp;Yi Lu,&nbsp;Xiangjia Zhu","doi":"10.1111/aos.17298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.17298","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Aims/Purpose:</b> A new foldable brown-diaphragm intraocular lens (IOL) was preclinically evaluated in vitro and in vivo by comparing its biocompatibility and biosafety with those of a commercially available IOL.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Methods:</b> The new brown-diaphragm IOL is made of hydrophobic acrylic material, with incorporating a transparent optical zone and surrounding brown diaphragm. Cellular experiments evaluating lens epithelial cell morphology, adhesion, and migration were conducted to exclude cytotoxic effects. Twelve New Zealand rabbits had the new brown-diaphragm IOL implanted in one eye and another 12 had a commercially available foldable IOL implanted, followed by slit-lamp evaluations, corneal endothelial cells density measurement and aqueous humor analysis to identify any dye leakage from the brown-diaphragm IOL. Haematoxylin and eosin staining of ocular tissue and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the IOL surface were performed after 12-week observation.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Results:</b> In vivo experiments showed there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of postoperative inflammation and capsular biocompatibility. There were no significant changes in corneal endothelial cell density between before and after surgery in either group. LC-MS/MS analysis showed that the target dye was not detected in aqueous humor samples. Histopathology of ocular sections and SEM imaging of IOL surfaces showed similar changes in both groups.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Conclusions:</b> The newly-invented brown-diaphragm IOL showed good biocompatibility and biosafety. Combined with its foldability and peripheral shading, it could be a new choice for patients with iris defects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":"103 S284","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aos.17298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A service evaluation of patient satisfaction with the current standard of glaucoma care provision at Derriford Hospital","authors":"Ryan Teo,&nbsp;Kleonikos Tsakiris","doi":"10.1111/aos.17122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.17122","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Aims/Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The social and economic burden of glaucoma are likely to increase in the future because of longer life expectancies and an ageing population.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Healthcare providers must continually monitor and improve their management of glaucoma patients.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The project's purpose was to identify areas of improvement in the Royal Eye Infirmary at Derriford Hospital's provision of glaucoma care and thereby, advance the European Glaucoma Society's mission statement to maintain or improve the quality of life in affected patients.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; The methodology included the following:\u0000 &lt;ul&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Designing the Glaucoma Service Evaluation (12 questions)&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Administering the Service Evaluation&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Statistical Analysis of the Results&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 &lt;/ul&gt;\u0000 &lt;/div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Responses were based on a five-point Likert Scale, with 1 being the most negative patient satisfaction score and 5 being the most positive.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; 50 patients, comprising 28 males and 22 females, undertook the questionnaire.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The mean age was 73 years.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Patient response rate to all 12 questions was 100%.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The average five-point Likert Scale Score across all 12 questions was 4.35.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The results suggest that overall patient satisfaction with the standard of glaucoma care at Derriford Hospital is positive to a large extent.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Patients are happy with evolutions in glaucoma care such as Virtual Clinics, and the role of allied health professionals.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;However, it identified significant areas of improvement - enhancing patient education through the use of leaflets.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This service evaluation demonstrated that patients are largely satisfied with the current level of glaucoma care at Derriford Hospital. Most patients are open to novel initiatives, which would minimise patient waiting time at clinics.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;More measures, such as patient counselling of medication side-effects and distribution of informative leaflets, should be implemented to improve the standard of glaucoma care and hence, raise patient satisfaction at Derriford Hospital.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;References&lt;/b&gt;&lt;ol&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Batra R, Sharma H, Elaraoud I, Mohamed S. Resource Planning in Glaucoma: A Tool to Evaluate Glaucoma Service Capacity. Seminars in Ophthalmology. 2017;:1-6.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Holdsworth E, Datta J, Marks D, Kuper H, ","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":"103 S284","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aos.17122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ printing of gelma-based hydrogels for cornea regeneration","authors":"Hamid Goodarzi,&nbsp;Boda Om,&nbsp;May Griffith,&nbsp;Christos Boutopoulos","doi":"10.1111/aos.16950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.16950","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Aims/Purpose:</b> Corneal perforation is a medical emergency that can lead to blindness. Treatment options encompass cyanoacrylate or fibrin glue, both linked to side effects, including cytotoxicity. Gelatin methacryloyl-based biomaterials offer an alternative to these adhesives [1, 2]. Achieving optical clarity and smooth surface integrity is crucial for the restoration of vision in treated corneal wounds.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Methods:</b> Currently, the delivery of corneal biomaterials utilizes standard syringe systems, which lack the accuracy to reconstruct the cornea's shape. Therefore, the use of a laser bioprinting technology, developed in the Boutopoulos lab [3], for achieving precise <i>in-situ</i> corneal wound repair was examined. We used a photocrosslinkable ink comprising Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMa), hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), and Lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) as a photoinitiator.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Results:</b> Printability was optimized by generating nanoliter-volume individual droplets using 230 μJ laser energy, a flow rate 20 microliter per minute, and a temperature of 37°C. Rheology, optical characterization, and bursting pressure measurements assessed its potential to seal corneal perforations. Results indicated a hydrogel storage modulus of 1.31 ± 0.31 KPa for printed LiQD cornea and a bursting pressure of 38 ± 6 mmHg when used to seal full thickness cornea perforation in cadaveric pig eyes. Optical clarity akin to the native cornea was observed (%light transmission: 93.12 ± 1.02 printed vs 92.61 ± 1.50). The OCT results showed that the LIST technique could potentially fill the corneal wounds and reconstruct the natural curvature of the wounded cornea.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Conclusions:</b> In conclusion, a precise printing system for delivering adhesive corneal regenerative biomaterials to wounds was developed and characterized.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>References</b></p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1. Sharifi, S., et al., 2021. 6(11): p. 3947-3961.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2. Barroso, I.A., et al., 2022. 9(2).</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>3. Ebrahimi Orimi, H., et al., Sci Rep, 2020. 10(1): p. 9730.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":"103 S284","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aos.16950","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conditioned media from dental pulp stem cells to counteract the age-related macular degeneration","authors":"Darin Zerti,&nbsp;Giulia Carozza,&nbsp;Fanny Pulcini,&nbsp;Loreto Lancia,&nbsp;Vincenzo Mattei,&nbsp;Simona Delle Monache,&nbsp;Rita Maccarone","doi":"10.1111/aos.16936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.16936","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Aims/Purpose:</b> Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly. To date, there are no effective therapies to counteract the AMD towards the most severe stages characterized by a progressive loss of photoreceptors triggered by retinal pigmented epithelium dysfunction. Given their easily source and their high proliferative potential, Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) showed promise for regenerative medicine. The main advantage of DPSCs is related to their immunosuppressive and immunoregulatory abilities, including the capability to promote regeneration of damaged tissues. It is well known the therapeutic potential of DPSCs secretome (conditioned media, CM), including trophic factors and cytokines, as a treatment of neurogenerative diseases. We evaluated the capability of DPSCs-CM cultured in hypoxia and normoxic conditions to counteract retinal degeneration in an animal model of AMD.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Methods:</b> DPSCs-CM were intravitreally injected the day before the exposure of albino rats to high intensity light (LD). We evaluated the retinal function, and we performed morphological and molecular analysis a week after the LD, in accordance with the well-established protocol of our light damage model.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Results:</b> DPSCs-CM obtained from hypoxia or normoxia, were able to preserve the retinal function, to reduce microglial activation and their migration toward outer nuclear layer (ONL). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the treatment with normoxic DPSCs-CM limited the hot spot extension and preserved the ONL thickness better than the hypoxic DPSCs-CM. The different concentrations of growth factors and cytokines detected in both CM played a key role in the understanding of the greatest protective effect of the normoxic-CM compared to hypoxic-CM.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Taken together, our study demonstrated that normoxic DPSCs-CM represents an eligible candidate to counteract retinal degeneration and, therefore, a promising therapeutic agent for AMD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":"103 S284","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aos.16936","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthokeratology and myopia control: A comprehensive meta-analysis of axial growth in children and adolescents","authors":"António Queirós,&nbsp;Inês Mota-Silva,&nbsp;Ana Filipa Pereira-da-Mota","doi":"10.1111/aos.17279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.17279","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Aims/Purpose:</b> The aim of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal effect on axial eye length in myopic children and adolescents treated with orthokeratology (OK) lenses compared to spectacles (GL), through a systematic review and meta-analysis</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Methods:</b> We conducted a systematic search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases for randomized controlled trials and cohort studies investigated the effects of longitudinal axial length difference, using the keyword “Axial Length” AND “orthokeratology” AND “spectacles”. From the initial 91 studies, we excluded 13 review studies, 10 meta-analysis studies, 7 systematic reviews and 37 studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria. Of the 24 selected studies, detailed information was available at 24, 18, 12, 6, 3 and 1 month, with 10, 8, 19, 17, 2 and 3 studies respectively, allowing for the comparison between 2172 eyes treated with orthokeratology and 2095 eyes with glasses.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Results:</b> The analysis of the 24 studies (which included 59 comparisons from 1 month to 24 months) showed no statistically significant differences in initial axial length [AL(GL) = 24.39 ± 0.34 mm; AL(OK) = 24.44 ± 0.38 mm] and initial refractive error [M(GL) = -2.59 ± 0.70 D; M(OK) = -2.53 ± 0.44 D] between the two treatment groups (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.565, independent samples t-test) and for the evolution time intervals (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.591, ANOVA). This analysis encompassed 4267 eyes with a mean age of 10.23 ± 1.21 years. Forest plot provided in an overall effect size of myopic defocus AL = -0.16 com IC 95% -0.19 a -0.14, <i>Z</i> = 12.71 <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001. A random effects model was used considering the heterogeneity observed (<i>I</i>² = 97%; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, df = 58). There was a greater myopia control effect at 24 months (AL = -0.26, 95% IC -0.29 to -0.22, <i>Z</i> = 13.71 <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; <i>I</i>² = 0%; <i>p</i> = 0.95) than to treatments of less than 3 months (AL = -0.04, 95% IC -0.06 to -0.01, <i>Z</i> = 2.60 <i>p</i> = &lt; 0.009; <i>I</i>² = 86%; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Conclusions:</b> While the treatment at 24 months shows an homogeneous behaviour among studies, shorter follow-up times renders a larger heterogeneity and for that reason, longer follow-up periods should be preferred to estimate a more solid effect size. Orthokeratology treatment has been shown to be effective in myopia control progression for short or longer longitudinal treatments in children and young people with spectacles comparison.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":"103 S284","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aos.17279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic polymorphisms and uveitis","authors":"Stéphane Abramowicz","doi":"10.1111/aos.16886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.16886","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Uveitis is a multifactorial disease, originating from the interplay between our genes, the environment and stochastic factors.&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; In contrast, only a handful of exceptional uveitic entities are monogenic.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To understand the immunogenetics of uveitis, one must understand the concept of multifactorial disease. These diseases are characterized by multigenic involvement, with any one variant allele being neither necessary nor sufficient for disease initiation. Rather, it is the combination of multiple variants in multiple genes, which all increase the susceptibility of an individual to develop a particular disease. The second concept is that of the environmental trigger, such as an infection or exposure to a drug, which triggers the disease in genetically susceptible individuals. Stochastic factors may also play a role in disease genesis.&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In the context of uveitis, genetic polymorphisms in genes of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC), such as &lt;i&gt;HLA-A&lt;/i&gt;, or &lt;i&gt;HLA-B&lt;/i&gt;, are associated with common non-infectious uveitides (NIU) like HLA-B27-associated acute anterior uveitis (AAU), Behçet's disease, and Birdshot retinochoroiditis (BRC).&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Specifically, HLA-B27 carrier frequency in the Caucasian US population is around 7%, while it is present in approximately 50% of patients who develop AAU, and 90% of patients who develop ankylosing spondylitis (AS). This represents a relative risk (RR) for carriers of HLA-B27 of around 8 for developing AAU,&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; and around 50 to 100 for developing AS.&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;HLA-B51 carrier frequency in populations along the Silk Road is around 10-30%,&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; compared to 50-80% in Behçet's disease patients, conferring a RR of 5-10 to develop the disease.&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The third major HLA polymorphism associated with uveitis is HLA-A29, whose carrier frequency in the Western European population is reported to be 5-10%,&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt; compared to the 97.5% in BRC patients,&lt;sup&gt;3,9&lt;/sup&gt; conferring an astronomically high RR of 50-224 for developing BRC in carriers of HLA-A29 versus non-carriers.&lt;sup&gt;4,9&lt;/sup&gt; BRC is actually the immunological disease with the strongest HLA association ever described.&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Some weaker HLA associations have been reported with other NIU entities, such as HLA-DR4/&lt;i&gt;HLA-DRB1*04&lt;/i&gt; with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease,&lt;sup&gt;10,11&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;i&gt;HLA-DRB1*04:05&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;HLA-DQB1*04:01&lt;/i&gt;, and the &lt;i&gt;DRB1*04:05-DQB1*04:01&lt;/i&gt; haplotype with sympathetic ophthalmia,&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; or &lt;i&gt;HLA-DRB1*15:01&lt;/i&gt; and the &lt;i&gt;IL2-RA&lt;/i&gt; gene polymorphism rs2104286 A&gt;G with multiple sclerosis-associated uveitis.&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In addition to HLA typing and polymorphisms, there has been m","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":"103 S284","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aos.16886","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of intravitreal antitNF-ALFA for neuroinflammation control and neuroprotection in experimental rabbit glaucoma model","authors":"Okyanus Bulut Tarlabolen,&nbsp;Mine Esen Baris,&nbsp;Emrah Soylu,&nbsp;Banu Yaman,&nbsp;Timur Kose,&nbsp;Suzan Guvenyilmaz","doi":"10.1111/aos.17102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.17102","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Aims/Purpose:</b> The aim of the study is to create a microbead induced ocular hypertension (OHT) model in rabbits, and to evaluate the effects of intravitreal and intraperitoneal injections of Adalimumab (ADA) on the number of retinal ganglion cells (RGC), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Methods:</b> 15 rabbits of mixed strain (9–12 months old, 3.5-4kg) were randomized into 4 groups. OHT was induced with microbead injection into the anterior chamber of right eyes. On 7th, 14th days of OHT, ADA was injected at one of two concentrations (2.5mg group 1: G1/5mg group 2:G2) into right eyes of two groups, intraperitoneally 5mg/kg into the third group (G3), and balanced salt solution into fourth group (sham). The left eyes were used as controls. At 40^th day, the rabbits were euthanized. Retinal and optic nerve head (ONH) histology was studied with hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue staining.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Results:</b> OHT was induced with microbeads in 13 eyes. 2 rabbits were excluded (endophthalmitis, total hyphema). The average pre-OHT IOP from all eyes 9.7±09mmHg (8-11). Statistically significant IOP increase was observed in all subject eyes on day 7 (14±1.4 (12-18)) (<i>p</i> = 0.01) and maintained until ADA injection (day 21). RGCs in the eyes with elevated IOP were 7.2±1.2 and 7.6±1.5, 6.3+1.1 cells in ADA treated groups, G1, G2, G3, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between treatment groups. The average RNFL was 125.9±10.9 μm in control, 60.2±9.4 μm in G1, 45.7±2.9 μm in G2, 22.8±2.9 μm in G3, 21.7±10 μm in sham. Significant elevation was observed in G1 compared to all treatment groups. (<i>p</i> = 0.01). The average GCC of control was 45.5±1.9 μm, G1 41.2±2.2 μm, G2 39.3±3.3 μm, G3 34.1±1.6 μm, sham was 38.3±1.1 μm. Significant increase was observed in G1 compared to G3. (<i>p</i> = 0.01).</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Conclusions:</b> OHT triggers inflammatory response in which TNF-α expression is increased around the ONH. Blocking TNF-α might prevent axonal degeneration and RGC loss by inhibiting this response. These findings may further contribute to the literature for a new treatment strategy for glaucoma using TNF-α antagonists or inflammation suppressors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":"103 S284","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aos.17102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}